观《哈姆雷特》有感

——悲剧中的喜剧性

在莎士比亚丰富多彩的戏剧创作中，人们最推崇的是他的悲剧；而在他的悲剧中，最具有代表性的无疑是《哈姆雷特》。正如俄国伟大的文艺批评家别林斯基所形象地指出的，《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚这位“前无古人、后无来者的全人类所加冕的戏剧诗人之王的灿烂王冠上的一颗最辉煌的宝石” 。但遗憾的是，对于《哈姆雷特》我仅停留在了书本上，从现场未目睹过其演出，因此，我怀着无比期待的心情提前一个小时来到了礼堂，在这一小时中，迫不及待的心情已经压制不了我内心深处对《哈姆雷特》的渴望！

在这一小时中，我浮想联翩。莎翁有句名言：“一千个人眼里有一千个哈姆雷特”，我猜想，待会演员表现的是一个懦弱、犹豫、怀疑、恋母的哈姆雷特，还是一个坚强和睿智的哈姆雷特，或者都不是。我也期待着能有所突破。

在期待的同时，还有些许的忐忑。忐忑着一会舞台所展现的会不会如同我想象中的那样。有关批评家认为莎士比亚剧作更多的应该是属于文学而不是戏剧，指出莎士比亚的悲剧过于伟大，不适宜舞台演出。正因为在这个人物身上集中了各种品格、思想、特点、姿态，甚至于每个人都会觉得自己身上也带有“一丝哈姆雷特的味道” 。这种既难演得淋漓尽致，也难演得完全离谱的角色往往包孕着十分丰富的内心世界，人们可以看到这类角色性格中的某几个侧面，但毕竟难以穷其究竟；另外，正因为角色的容量大，不同的观众会有迥异的“哈姆雷特意识”，期望于演员的也往往因此而不尽相同，从这个意义上说，舞台或

银幕上的丹麦王子的确很难取悦于每个人而博得一个“满堂彩”。

但现在看来，我的忐忑是多余的，因为——最终，这次《哈姆雷特》戏剧的演出不负众望！

演出中，掌声不断，笑声频频！个人归纳了三大亮点：对哈姆雷特人物形象的塑造、对生存或死亡命题的重新演绎和悲剧中的戏剧性因素。这使得此次演出展现了出色的效果，创新性的剧中多位演员尝试哈姆雷特的角色并在同一场中相互转换给观众带来了与以往不同的体验，也为戏剧的演出形式打开了一个新的视野。另外，在第三幕第一场，哈姆雷特那段经典的独白由剧中所有演员同台演绎让观众以独特的视角对话莎士比亚，走近哈姆雷特，重新解读爱情、友情、命运。或许正如著名导演林兆华所说：“每个人随时可能是哈姆雷特，他是我们的兄弟或者就是我们自己，那些折磨他的思想每天也在折磨着我们，他面临的选择我们每天也在面临。生存或死亡是哲学命题，也是生活中每一件具体的大事和小事。是或者不是，你只能选择一个。我们今天面对哈姆雷特，其实面对的也是我们自己。能够面对自己，这是现代人所能具有的最积极、最勇敢、最豪迈的姿态。除此之外，我们还有什么？”To be or not to be? That is the question.答案或许因人而异······

不过，最令我难忘的是剧中的喜剧成分。《哈姆雷特》中“墓园”一场，哈姆雷特在识透克劳狄斯的凶险面目后，决心与之斗争到底；这是激战前的片刻寂静，观众已经看到两军交战的刀光剑影，但这里却插入了这场哈姆雷特与掘墓小丑的风趣谈论，他们面对一个被掘起的骷髅，论古说今，诙谐幽默，滑稽可笑。特别是演员那嗲嗲的方言，更是给我留下了深刻的印象。值得一提的还有李忠实老师的出色表演，生动幽默的语言惹得观众禁不住大笑，尤其是与“女

儿”奥菲莉娅的对话中，他在台词中创造性的注入了自己的理解，加之对人物的形象塑造，一改以往对角色生硬表演的风气，让观众觉得剧中的波罗涅斯就是我们身边的“父亲”。

接下来，本人就第二个亮点具体谈谈自己的看法。

塞缪尔·约翰逊，在《莎士比亚戏剧集》序言中是这样评价的：“莎士比亚不仅本人兼有引读者发笑和激起读者悲伤之情的本领。而且能在同一作品里达到这样的效果”，他认为“不可否认混合体的戏剧能给人以悲剧或喜剧的全部教导。因为它在交替表演中把二者都包括在内，而且较二者之一更接近生活的面貌。”美国著名评论家斯托尔认为：只有在大师手中，喜剧和悲剧才能相互渗透而又无损于剧情的效果。由此可见，在悲剧中穿插喜剧情节不仅无损于悲剧的效果，而且有利于剧情的发展，使幽默风趣、诙谐滑稽的喜剧气氛融入庄重而严肃的悲剧之中，使二者交相辉映、相得益彰。《哈姆雷特》在不损害悲剧基调的原则下把悲和喜有机地结合起来，在剧情发展的进程中，让庄严中有轻松，从而达到以喜衬悲、以喜促悲的艺术效果，并使主题意蕴得以升华。他有意识地打破悲与喜的严格界限，在悲剧的框架内表现出具有喜剧性的矛盾冲突。在莎士比亚创作的四大悲剧中，《哈姆雷特》堪称典范，虽是一部复仇悲剧，但剧中人物的喜剧性点缀却构成了该剧的主要独特之处。

从《哈姆雷特》中的人物性格来看，莎士比亚赋予了哈姆雷特机敏聪慧的特点。哈姆雷特喜欢重复和使用双关语。双关语既是一种文字游戏，又是一种常见的修辞手段。它常利用词语的音与义的关系，同时关顾两种不同的事物，产生“表”、“里”两霞意思。在莎剧中双关语不仅用来插科打诨，还用来表达各种严肃话题。莎士比皿的双关语既深深地根植于社会历史渊源的肥沃土壤．义

有着自己独特的风格。在第一幕结束时哈姆雷特就知道是叔父害死了自己的父亲。他对其叔父在他父亲刚死不久之后就娶自己的母亲而大为不满，所以先有“超乎寻常的亲族，漠不相干的路人”的独自，紧接着他叔父假惺惺地问：“为什么愁云依旧笼罩在你的身上?”时．哈姆雷特就用了双关语来回答他“不，陛下；我已经在太阳下很久了。”哈姆雷特在对克劳狄斯的反驳之中，利用单词“sun”多义的优势，既可表达自己“不愿暴露在光天化日之下的心情，因为他此刻身穿丧服正为死去的父亲痛苦哀伤．所以更愿隐蔽起来；同时也町表达哈姆雷特不想再见到国王的意愿，凶为‘sun(太阳)’一词在传统上可象征‘王室、帝王”’。另外，哈姆雷特在自己的回答中，还利用了“sun”与“son”两词之间的谐音．机智地“反驳并拒绝了新任国手将其称为‘儿子’的意图”。在这里，双关语的使用很好地体现厂哈姆雷特说话的用意，利用“son”和“sun”的同音异义，不温不火地表达了自己的不满，极大地讽刺了其叔父的虚伪和不道德。莎±比亚在哈姆雷特与克劳狄斯首次见面时。便安排他们两人以双关语的形式针锋相对，由此拉开了正面人物与反面人物之间唇枪舌剑、斗智斗勇的序幕。哈姆雷特在剧中使用了大量的双关语．如哈姆雷特捉弄大臣波洛涅斯说他是个“卖鱼的贩子”。对其进行辛辣的讽刺。在第五幕第一场，当哈姆雷特在墓地对掘墓人扔出的头骨进行了一番沉思与诂问之后．接着又反问好友霍拉旭能否通过想象“追问哑历山大高贵的尸体是否就是塞在洒桶上的泥土?”当霍拉旭同答“那未免太想入非非了”时，哈姆雷特首先以散文形式反驳霍拉旭的观点，随后又即兴吐出了四句打油诗。莎士比亚通过哈姆雷特之口对所谓的伟人与帝王进行了戏谑性的蔑视与讥讽：恺撒——罗马帝国的统帅、君王。人们常把他与亚历山大相提并论。亚历山大——马其顿国王，先后征服过希腊、埃及与波斯，

并侵入印度．建立亚历山大帝国，成为人们所熟知的伟大的征服者。同时也以其长相英俊、体味芳香而出名。但他死后肯定也会是朽骨一堆、臭不可闻。尽管这是一部复仇的悲剧．但剧中哈姆雷特的机智聪慧给读者带来了喜剧性的缓解和心灵上的安慰。

伪善、自吹是喜剧人物的重要特点。莎士比亚同样赋予悲剧中的反面人物这种性格。车尔尼雪夫斯基说：“只有当丑的东西装模作样力图装扮成美的东西的时候，它就成喜剧性的了。”悲剧中的奸臣、伪君王及势利小人常表现出这种特性。《哈姆雷特》中的丹麦国王克劳狄斯，御前大臣波罗涅斯便是这一类型的角色。克劳狄斯杀害其兄．又娶其嫂为妻，为掩饰自己的罪恶在众人面前却说：“应该让全国都表示一致的哀悼”：称自己和嫂子的结合是“承袭我邦家大业的先王德配”．把自己的丑行加以掩饰，充分暴露出他那伪君子的嘴脸。把大逆不道的事情说得冠冕堂皇，让人们认为他这种行径其实是为了整个国家，可读者在明白了真相之后就会对他无比的痛恨，他的行为举止无不透漏着讽刺的意味。读者对此嗤之以鼻。一方面他在第二幕第二场中的演讲只是告诉众人他已经和其嫂结婚，但对他们的婚姻没有任何解释。只是让人们知道为了国家的利益，他不得不这样做．从而获得众人的支持和理解。而另一方面对哈姆雷特倍感疼爱，称其为自己的儿子，但背地里却派人去杀他，这样虚伪的面孔让读者对其深恶痛绝．与此同时也觉得其行径极为可笑。波罗涅斯作为一个大臣．其趋炎附势的特点也给读者留下了很深的印象。他在第二幕第一场作为一个喜剧性的人物出现。接下来的这一幕让读者充分地看清其自吹自擂的嘴脸。在向国王和王后汇报哈姆雷特变疯的时候，波罗涅斯口口声声说“简洁是智慧的灵魂，冗长是肤浅的藻饰”。其之前却说了很多无关痛痒的话．以至于王后让他“多谈些

实际。少弄些玄虚”。作为一个父亲，他竟然派人去监视自己的儿子。在常人看来这是不合情理的，和他之前的所作所为正好相反，从而更让读者认清他的真实面目。

莎士比亚在剧中加入了小丑的角色也让这部戏剧的悲剧性有所缓解。有时会让小丑表现为明辨是非，最通情达理甚至最高尚的人物。他们把一般人不敢说的话用特有的方式表达出来，既幽默。又有理。在第五幕第一场，奥菲莉娅死后，两个小丑在掘墓穴时讨论奥菲莉娅的死，唱着小调，开着适合他们那一行的玩笑。让人们暂时忘记了奥菲莉娅的死这个悲剧性的结果。莎士比哑旨在通过这些小人物来缓和悲剧的过分压抑感，但在笑过之后，他们看似玩笑的话又会让读者有所感悟。

莎士比亚在剧中给各种人物以一定程度的喜剧效果，目的在于以喜助悲，加强悲剧的艺术效果，其主要意义是深化人物的思想和性格。显而易见，用喜剧成分从某一方面加强对悲剧主人公的刻画，如哈姆雷特的装疯一定程度地表现了他的机智聪慧，当得知自己的父亲被叔父害死后．按照常理．哈姆雷特完全可以直接去找叔父报仇．可是他想得却是一步步揭开克劳狄斯的丑恶嘴脸．用装疯的办法来保护自己，使这部复仇悲剧没有想象中那么残酷。另一方面从克劳狄斯、波罗涅斯的言行中可以看出莎士比亚对他们的讽刺和讥笑。用反面人物的丑来衬托悲剧主人公的美，如用阴险狠毒的克劳狄斯对哈姆雷特的衬托。另外，莎士比亚还借助小人物来揭示出真理。在无理中见真理。喜剧因素在人物性格中的体现是莎七比亚独特的写作手法。在悲剧人物性格中进行喜剧成分穿插，使戏剧悲喜交集，以喜助悲，以苦笑衬托悲剧气氛。这是一种悲喜交融、以谐助庄的艺术手法，也正是莎士比亚这种独特的写作手法及其高超的驾驭能

力。从而使得《哈姆雷特》这部戏剧在世界文坛中永不凋零。

第二篇：读哈姆雷特有感

Impression of reading Hamlet

Abstract: This is I read Hamlet after my Impression of reading Hamlet and I introduced about Hamlet of drama details.and I adapted a perfct ending for the drama .

Key words : Hamlet ,Impression, tragedy, drama details, wisdom, a good ending.

This term ,we learned some works of Shakespeare ,for example :<Hamlet >,<King lear>,<Romeo and Juliet>,<Othello>,and so on. But what impressed me most was Hamlet. Hamlet is in Shakespeare's representative works, the creation in 1600 ~ 1601, the script had been praised for centuries. Now, we can still feel it excite people's mind. This shocked not only from the plot, is also not only excellent literary techniques, but more importantly it reflected the problem. Of course ,in china there is a popular word of comment about Hamlet is that If there are one thousand readers you will find one thousand different Hamlet in the reader's eyes.

Hamlet--a man with wisdom and courage .In order to revenge on his uncle for killing his father, he pretended to be mad and suffered a series of misery. On the contrary, we can also say that Hamlet is rude and selfish for he did not think twice before his revenge . If a country has no king, how can a country keep alive? So, everything has two sides, the bright side and adumbral side. Every time we make a decision we have to think twice. When we fact difficuties ,Be yourself and choose an uncommon heart. When Hamlet was whelmed in the bereavement of losing his father, he once questioned: “Survival or

destruction, this is a problem deserving of consideration”. Whether to rise vigorously or go downhill? Because of sorrow and oppression, all the virtuous flowers have withered in his eyes, while the rank grasses are growing crazily. After the night of balcony, the flame of hatred finally simmered in the heart of Hamlet and he chose revenge. With the death of Ophelia, who loved him dearly and he loved dearly, and the tragic death of obstinate Polonius, Hamlet may have a moment of uneasiness, but to accomplish his revenge

cause-the revenge cause I thought brutal-anyway, this is his choice, abandon survival and choose destruction, regard the royal place as nothing, this is the road his chose and the abandonment of a great prince that makes the later generations sign. Shakespeare does not belong to an era but all the centuries and his plays are like a Big Dipper in the starlit sky, which points the way for people. Hamlet is not an objective and obsolete role, but each of us. You always have to face many choices in your lifetime, when we make a choice, it means we must give up, while we are reluctant to give up, no matter it is

delicious food, new clothes, exciting and magic computer images. But only by giving up can we have more valuable gains, maybe be greater gains and at least the expected gains. Give up and gain, how can you gain without giving up? When I give up and get a thing that I am really after in my heart, it will be followed by full joy and the displeasure of giving up have long turned into dust. Maybe what should I learn is to make a choice with confidence, and this is an instinct of survival. Although the choices in your lifetime are various, they are limited. If you want to make your life full and happy, you should avail yourself of each choice. Although man’s life is but the morning dew, past days many and 1

future days few, we should actively choose our fate, which is an undoubted shortcut to climb to the peak of your life and the faith to overcome ourselves. Each choice will be not easy. In the world that without objectives, there is no longer any scale to measure the good and devil, make a choice bravely and then accept the fate calmly…this may be the eternal charm of Hamlet. What kind of people will have what kind of choice, and one may choose to lift up eyes to the sky, or plant feet on solid ground, but whatever the choice is, we shall let it be our pride. I want to be true to myself and choose an uncommon heart, let myself be my hope, my pride…

Hamlet,a tragedy by William Shakespeare. The king of Denmark has been

murdered by his brother, Claudius, who then becomes king and marries the dead king's widow. The ghost of the dead king visits his son, Prince Hamlet, and urges him to avenge the murder. In the course of the play, Hamlet, a scholar, slowly convinces himself that he must murder Claudius. The play ends with a duel between Hamlet and the courtier

Laertes, and the death by poison of all the principal characters. Publisher Comments:One of the greatest plays of all time, the compelling tragedy of the tormented young prince of Denmark continues to capture the imaginations of modern audiences worldwide. Confronted with evidence that his uncle murdered his father, and with his mother’s

infidelity, Hamlet must find a means of reconciling his longing for oblivion with his duty as avenger. The ghost, Hamlet’s feigned madness, Ophelia’s death and burial, the play within a play, the “closet scene” in which Hamlet accuses his mother of complicity in murder, and breathtaking swordplay are just some of the elements that make Hamlet an enduring masterpiece of the theater.

The following is I introduced about Hamlet of drama details .

Act1

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is advised by the sentinels of the royal castle of Kronborg, at Elsinore, that an apparition strongly resembling his dead father had appeared on the

battlements. Hamlet therefore resolves to encounter the spirit and learn from it, if possible, the true cause of his father's taking-off, about which the Prince has had many suspicions. He meets the Ghost

at its next nightly visitation, and in an interview with it his worst fears are confirmed. The late King's brother Claudius, who has ascended the throne and wedded the widowed

Queen, had poisoned the King while he slept. Hamlet is enjoined to secrecy and revenge, and the Ghost vanishes. Hamlet's followers are sworn to say nothing of the occurrence.

ACT II

Because of the news and of the dread task to which he is commissioned, Hamlet is seized with a species of madness, perhaps largely feigned, whereby he may cloak his designs. He writes incoherent and passionate letters to his lady-love, Ophelia, daughter of Polonius, a court dignitary. At this juncture a company of strolling players arrives at the castle and at Hamlet's suggestion a certain play is given before the King and Queen and members of the court.

ACT III

The play deals with the murder of a Venetian duke, whose wife afterwards weds the 2

murderer. The story closely resembles the circumstances of the King of Denmark's

demise. During the play Hamlet is intent not upon the players but upon the countenance and actions of his uncle. The latter, as if struck with a realising sense of his own crime, as Hamlet suspected, hurriedly leaves. Hamlet no longer doubts the truth of the Ghost's communications, and turns with energy to seek the vengeance which he has sworn to execute.

The queen mother is also much disturbed by the purport of the play, and sends for Hamlet in order to upbraid him. Hamlet answers reproach with reproach, and leaves his mother overwhelmed with shame and self-convicted. But for the opportune arrival of the dead King's spirit, Hamlet might have adopted even more violent measures. Ophelia's father, Polonius, who is spying upon this interview, is slain by Hamlet, who mistakes him for the King.

ACT IV

Hamlet's banishment is decided upon. Two former school comrades of his are entrusted with a commission to leave him in England, where sealed orders are to bring about the Prince's death. But by a combination of plot and accident the execution is visited instead upon the heads of the two accomplices. Hamlet returns to Denmark. There he is greeted by a strange spectacle—the funeral of a young girl, honored by the presence of the King, Queen, and persons of the court. Hamlet has in fact arrived home just at the time of Ophelia's interment. That unfortunate maiden, through incessant brooding over the madness of her lover, the untimely end of her father, and the continued absence of her brother, Laertes, had become insane. For some days she had wandered about the court singing and strewing flowers, then had strayed to the banks of a stream and been drowned.

ACT V

When Hamlet discovers that it is Ophelia's funeral, he is beside himself with grief. He leaps into the grave and angrily contests with Laertes, who also has just returned, the place of chief mourner. Laertes in turn desires to kill Hamlet, for he regards the Prince as the cause of all the woes that have fallen upon his house.

Seeing the animosity of Laertes, King Claudius thinks he may make use of it to work Hamlet's undoing. He secretly advises Laertes to engage Hamlet in a fencing-match—supposedly friendly. Laertes' foil, however, is to be naked and envenomed. Hamlet, unsuspecting, consents to a trial of skill before the court. The King prepares a poisoned drink for Hamlet, if perchance he shall escape the tipped foil. Laertes and Hamlet fence. After a touch or two for Hamlet, the Queen, to do him honour, toasts him, unwittingly, with the poisoned cup. Laertes wounds Hamlet. In the scuffle they change rapiers, and Hamlet in turn wounds Laertes with the latter's treacherous blade. The Queen dies from the drug while Laertes falls, but before he dies he confesses his guilty design and craves pardon of the Prince. Hamlet turns upon the King with his own dying strength and stabs the usurping monarch to the heart.

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However rich in content ,but the outcome is sad. Hamlet for revenge and ruin their lives. But the plot is not adapted to the situation of china .Becuase since ancient times, china is a peace-loving country,all of people like to peace .And audience of china like to watch theatre is that tend to happy and reunion ending .So, I as a Chinese ,I think I will be adapted for a good ending .The following is my adaptation ending .After hamlet died ,a love of Cupid came .And he charmed the dead Prince Hamlet and Princess Ophelia.From now on ,the prince and the Princess lived a happy life.

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