高考状元笔记英国受追捧 百度游学牛津“遇袭”

20xx年08月13日 11:27

来源：凤凰教育

昨日，新浪微博账号@英国那些事儿发出的一条微博，“前几日，在英国，高考状元与牛津大学学生就状元笔记进行?中英学习方法?的深入探讨，引发游客和当地人强势围观，一哄而上索要笔记求合影，几十本笔记被疯抢而空。” 短短几分钟内微博评论即过百，状元笔记英国遭疯抢在网上引起热议。

微博内容称，“疯抢”笔记的人除了中国游客还有英国当地市民。中国游客对于状元的认知度高，且自家或亲属朋友家中亦可能也有备考的学生，“疯抢”笔记顺理成章，但英国市民也“疯抢”却让微博网友啧啧称奇。甚至有网友大胆联想是不是BBC中国式教学的纪录片在英国热播，引起了更多人对中国基础教育的关注。此话题一出，立即引发无数网友关注，#状元笔记英国遭疯抢#也迅速成为微博热门话题。

从微博中的一张照片来看，交流现场的气氛十分热烈。高考状元被层层人群围在中央，导致小广场上颇有些人满为患的感觉。人群里除了参与交流的牛津学生，还有不少游客和英国当地市民围观。此微博一经发出，也迅速吸引众多网友留言和点赞。一位曾经使用过状元笔记的网友说“状元笔记是高考状元在学习过程中对于知识的总结和提炼，含金量极高，比课外老师讲的更容易理解。”也有一些网友站在客观的角度，表示“中国的基础教育能走出国门，证明了我们的基础教育并不全是国人诟病和抱怨的问题，其中也有值得发扬和推荐的精华，大家要正确看待我们的基础教育，取其精华去其糟粕，这样我们的教育才会越来越好”。

据了解，在英国参与状元笔记交流活动的年轻人，确为来自中国各地的高考状元。他们是跟随百度文库和百度觅题团队来到英国，进行为期11天的游学活动。

第二篇：高考状元英语笔记

高考状元英语笔记

★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供

记叙文高级词汇

1. on one’s way to 在某人去某地的途中

2. do a good deed 做一件好事

3. be thankful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感谢某人

4. throw off one’s clothes 匆忙脱掉衣服

5. be too frightened to move 吓呆了

6. struggle 挣扎

7. pay a visit to 参观

8. be about to do sth. ,when… 正准备?突然?

eg. I was about to go home, when I heard someone crying for help.

9. learn a lesson from 从?中吸取教训

10. teach sb. a lesson 给某人以教训

11. keep the lesson in mind 把教训牢记在心中

12. make up one’s mind 下定决心

13. cause a loss of 造成?损失

eg. This terrible fire caused a loss of one million

14. with the sun setting down 随着夕阳西下

eg. With the sun setting down, we went home happily.

15. say goodbye to 向?告别

16. forger the passing of the time 忘了时间的推移

eg. We worked so attentively that we forgot the passing of the time.

17. be lost in 沉溺于

eg. He was lost in his work so that he didn’t notice a car coming.

18. just at that time 就在那时

19. before long 不久

eg. Before long, the fire was put out.

20. return to normal 恢复正常

eg. Soon everything returned to normal.

*Our school lies where there used to be a church.我们学校位于过去是一座教堂的地方。

议论文高级词汇

1. do good to 给?带来好处

2. do harm to 给?带来危害

3. hold a view 持有一个观点

eg. Many people hold a view that it is no use promising without doing.

4. a waste of 一种浪费

eg. Playing computer games too long is a waste of time.

5. have an effect on 对?产生影响

6. advantages and disadvantages 优势和劣势

7. be crazy about 对?狂热

8. be lost in 沉溺于

eg. Don’t be lost in reading novels any longer.

9. to one’s surprise 令人惊讶的是

10. result in 导致

eg. Carelessness can result in a traffic accident.

*I consider him a great hero. 我把他看成一个大英雄。

说明文高级词汇

1. be high/rich in 含有丰富的?

eg. As we all know, apples are high/rich in sugar.

2. have an advantage over 比?有优势

eg. Taking a train has an advantage over taking a plane.

3. be similar to 与?相似

4. be popular with 受?欢迎

eg. The food is especially popular with children.

5. contain 包含，容纳

6. differ from 与?不同

eg. Oranges differ from any other fruit.

7. tasty, delicious 美味的，可口的

8. be made from/of 由?制成，成品中看不出/看得出原材料

9. convenient 方便的 attractive 有吸引力的 fascinating 令人着迷的

10. recommend 推荐

eg. Now, I would like to recommend a very good English-Chinese dictionary to you.

11. of great value 很有价值

12. be worth doing sth. 值得做某事

eg. These products are well worth buying.

13. of high quality 质量高

14. not only...but also… 不但?而且?

15. do good to 给?带来好处

eg. Often eating this kind of food does good to our health.

16. be good for 对?有好处

eg. Taking this kind of medicine is good for improving our memory.

*Who has won the election will soon be announced.即将宣布谁赢得了这次大选。

*I don’t think it surprising that he has refused her invitation.我对他拒绝了她的邀请并不感到奇怪。

*The news that there is going to be a wonderful concert this evening has spread.今天晚上将有一场精彩的音乐会的消息传开了。

人物介绍文高级词汇

1. be ready to do sth. 乐意做某事

eg. I know that she is always ready to help others.

2. fasionable 时尚的 humorous 幽默的 gentle 文雅的

3. such is 这就是（用于对人物介绍作总结）

eg. Such is our English teacher, a kind and hardworking man.

4. be elected a model… 被选为模范

eg. His mother is often elected a model worker.

5. be deeply respected and loved 深受人们尊敬和爱戴

6. win great honor for…为?赢得巨大荣誉

7. break/keep the record of… 打破/保持?纪录

8. set a new record 创造新纪录

*As you can imagine, it is very difficult to learn math.

I stayed at her home for a week, during which time I discussed many problem with her.

This is the girl without whom I couldn’t have won the big prize.

This is the boy with whose sister I have already worked for ten years.我和他的姐姐已经一起工作了10年。

地点介绍类高级词汇

1. lie in the center of 位于?的中心

2. such as 诸如

3. lie in the east/west/south/north of… 位于?的东/西/南/北部

4. lie (to)/on the east/west/south/north of… 位于?的东/西/南/北边

[两地(不)接壤]

5. cover on area of 覆盖?的面积

eg. Our city covers an area of 10000 square kilometers.

6. have a population of 有?人口

7. be high/rich in 含有丰富的?

eg. This small country is high/rich in natural resources.

8. a … with green hills and beautiful rivers

eg. This is a village with green hills and beautiful rivers.

9. be famous/well-known for 因?出名

eg. As we all know, Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.

*So long as you get there in time, you can see him.只要你及时赶到那里，你就能看到他。

I put a bookmark where I had a question.我在有问题的地方放了一张书签。

Our school lies where there used to be a church.过去在我们学校所在的地方有一座教堂。

英文交友信高级词汇

1. make friends with 与?交朋友

2. be able to 能够

3. be thirsty for 渴望

eg. I’m thirsty for a chance to chat with you face to face.

4. have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事

5. help each other 互相帮助

6. understand each other 互相理解

7. get relaxed 放松

8. look forward to 希望

eg. I’m looking forward to visiting your country as soon as possible.

9. forever 永远 value 珍惜

eg. To tell you the truth, I value our friend

10. treasure one’s friendship 珍惜?的友谊

eg. I’ll treasure our friendship and consider it as my property.

11. close friends 亲密的朋友

12. hear from 收到?的来信

13. work out 锻炼 exercise 锻炼

eg. We can often work out in the stadium.

*With the sun setting down, we went home.夕阳西下时我们回家了。 Her coming late to school annoyed her teacher.她上课迟到让老师感

到很恼火。

求职信高级词汇

1. apply for 申请

2. hold an important position in… 在?占据重要位置 eg. Tom used to hold an important position in this company.

3. be admitted into… 被?录取

4. e-mail sb. at… 按?地址给某人发电子邮件

eg. Please e-mail me at Redstarhotel@sina.com

5. in addition 此外

6. experienced 有经验的 promising 有希望的

7. since my graduation/graduating from 自从我从?毕业以来

8. be accepted 被接受

9. reach/realize/accomplish one’s dream/aim/goal 实现理想/目标

求助信高级词汇

1. challenge 挑战

2. facing 面临（常置于句首作状语）

eg. Facing so much pressure, she didn’t know what to do.

3. faced with 面临（常置于句首作状语）

eg. Faced with so much pressure, she could hardly stand it.

4. beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事

5. beg sb. of sth. 恳求某人提供某物

eg. Can I beg you of your help?

6. beg sb. for sth. 向某人恳求某物

7. average 一般的

8. follow one’s advice 采纳某人的建议

eg. I’ll follow your advice and try to do my work well.

9. make progress 取得进步

eg. I’m sure with your help I’ll make greater progress in my English study.

10. have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难

eg. I have much difficulty in my English study.

11. have trouble in doing sth. 做某事很费力

12. take trouble to do sth. 费力地做某事

eg. I usually take trouble to understand the text.

13. help sb. out of difficulty 帮助某人摆脱困境

14. would like sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事

调查报告高级词汇

1. make up 占

eg. The smokers make up half of the total number of the workers.

2. compared with 和?相比

eg. Compared with boys, girls are easier to become fat.

3. increase 上升 decrease 下降

eg. The number of the students who often play computer games is increasing.

4. go up 上升 drop down 下降

eg. Recently the temperature here has been going up.

5. a quarter of 四分之一 three quarters of 四分之三

eg. A quarter of the villagers have grown rich on selling vegetables.

6. …times as…as… 是?的?倍

eg. This year they have produced three times as many cars as they did last year.

7. …times higher/longer than… 比?高/长?倍

eg. This bridge is three times longer than that one.

8. take place 发生

eg. In recent years great changes have taken place in the village.

9. take on a new look 呈现新面貌

eg. Now, the town takes a new look.

10. as many/high/long as+数词 多/高/长达?

eg. As many as ten students are late today.

11. more or less 大约

eg. There are sixty students more or less in this class.

12. with the development of 随着?的发展

eg. With the development of industry and agriculture, this town will become more and more beautiful.

倒装句

1) never, seldom, hardly, not until, only+状语，not only+分句，no sooner, so/such+主句，neither, nor等置于句首时应使用部分倒装，即把系动词be，助动词，情态动词提至主语前，或在主语前加相应的助动词。

eg. Never have I been to Beijing before.

Not only does he study hard but also he is kind.

2) here, there, in, out, up, down, away等介词，副词及有些表示地点的成分置于句首时应使用全部倒装，即把动词直接提至主语前。

eg. Hearing the strange noise, out rushed the boy.

To the east of the hill lie two cities.

3) as引导让步状语从句时将表语，副词等提到as前。 eg. Cold as it was, they went on with their work.

倍数表达法

1) A … times as … as B A是B的?倍?

eg. The mountain is five times as high as that one.

2) A … times+比较级+than B A比B?倍?

eg. The bridge is three times longer than that one.

3) A … times+the+名词+of B A的?是B的?倍

eg. The earth is about 49times the size of the moon.

省略句

若时间状语从句，条件状语从句和方式状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句的主语为it，常省略从句的主语和部分谓语。

eg. If necessary, I’ll do everything for you.

While waiting for a bus, I had a long talk with him.

过渡性词汇的使用

1. 表因果关系 as a result（结果）, thanks to（多亏了） eg. It snowed heavily and as a result our plan had to change.

Thanks to the firemen’s timely arrival, the big fire was put out very quickly.

2. 表递进关系 what’s more（更何况，表肯定）, besides（更何况，表肯定）, what’s worse（更糟糕的是，表否定） eg. I’m sure you can win the big prize, because your performance is always very good; what’s more, you are so famous.

The girl was very sad, because she lost her wallet; what’s worse, she has just been criticized by her teacher.

3. 表著名观点 as we all know（众所周知）, as is known to all（众所周知）

4. 表各人观点 as far as I know（就我所知的而言）, as far as I am concerned（就我所知的而言）, in my opinion（依我看）, in the opinion of me（依我之见）, in the eyes of me（在我看来）

5. 表并列观点 at the same time（与此同时）, (in the) meanwhile（与此同时）

6. 表客观规律 generally speaking（一般来说）, in general（一般来说）, all in all（总的来说）

7. 表总结 in a word（总之）, altogether（总之）

eg. She is kind; she is diligent; she is clever. Altogether, she is a good girl.

8. 表情绪 to one’s joy（令某人高兴的是）, to one’s surprise（令某人惊讶的是）, to one’s disappointment（令某人失望的是）, to one’s pride（令某人自豪的是）, to one’s satisfaction（令某人满意的是）, to one’s horror（令某人惊恐的是）

9. 表转折关系 however（然而，无论如何）, nevertheless（然而，不过）

eg. There was no news; nevertheless, she went on hoping.

10. 表顺序 first（第一，首先）, second（第二）, then（然后）, at last（最后）, in the end（最后）

eg. At first I thought it difficult to learn English, but in the end I changed my mind.

常用的过渡性词语（组）

1. 时间：first, second, then, after that, next, afterward, finally, in the end, at last, meanwhile, later on, soon

2. 空间：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on the right,

3. 对比：like, unlike, while, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, Instead

4. 转折：but, however, yet, nevertheless, otherwise,

unfortunately/fortunately, suddenly, all of a sudden, in spite of this, actually, in fact, as a matter of fact

5. 因果：For one thing, For another thing, because, because of, thanks to, due to, on account of, now that, therefore, so, that, with the help of

6. 递进：besides, What’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, not only … but also, above all, What’s worse, Worse still, to make things worse

7. 并列：and, as well as, also, neither … nor

8. 条件：if, as long as, on condition that, in case（以防）

eg. Children don’t care about mess or dust as long as they feel they are loved.

孩子们只要觉得自己受到疼爱，就不在乎脏乱或灰尘。

9. 比较：than, as … as, the more … the more …, compared with

10. 目的：so … that, in order that, so as to, in order to

11. 结果：so that, as a result, therefore, thus, to my

surprise/delight/dismay

12. 让步：though, although, even if/though, in spite of, despite that

13. 选择：either … or …, … or …, whether … or …

14. 结论：in a word, in other words, in short, in brief, in general, on the whole, as a whole, to sum up, to conclude

15. 观点：in my opinion, in my eyes, I think, I’m sure, as far as I am concerned, to my mind, Personally, Frankly speaking

16. 举例：for example, for instance, such as

17. 承接：On one hand, On the other hand, in this way, by doing this

18. 段落：As far as … is concerned, As the saying goes, As might have been excepted, As was

高二下

第一节 语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳

选项。

in the whole of North America.

A. leaving alive B. to leave alive C. to be left alive

D. left alive

22. money, people usually tend to spend more than they have to.

A. In the eyes of B. Regardless of C. In terms of

D. In place of

street.

A. onwards B. backwards C. afterwards

D. forwards

24. --I failed in the driving test.

, you'll have one more chance of trying it.

A. At all B. After all C. In all

D. Above all

25. by the beauty of the countryside, the old couple decided to stay another week on the farm.

A. Being attracted B. Attracted

C. To be attracted D. Having attracted

A. affair B. business C. matter

D. problem

.

A. this B. one C. it

D. the one

A. beside it B. beside which C. beside that

D. beside what

breaks down on the way.

A. extra B. free C. convenient

D. spare

30. The law of Venice says if anyone tries to kill or murder any citizen of

be taken away from him.

A. shall B. can C. must

D. may

A. however; worth B. whatever; worth

C. how much; worthy D. what; worthy of

I

may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.

A. adjust to; that B. get used to; that while

C. adapt to; while D. go about; that while

33. Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer

, it is our duty to master it.

A. thus B. therefore C. otherwise

D. however

34. At the 2003 Special Olympics in Ireland, more than 6,500 athletes

.

A. participated B. joined C. benefited

D. relied

much to do.

A. such B. that C. more

D. very

第二节 完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5,满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep? Are you often late for work or school? Yes? The Hiroyuki Sugiyama of Japan has a(n) you up in the morning! Here is how it .

The bed have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a tape recorder in the bed plays music or other pleasant sounds. The tape recorder in Hiroyuki's bed plays a recording of his girlfriend. She whispers in a sweet ,

"Wake up, darling, please. "A few minutes later, a second recording sounds. Hiroyuki hears a recording of his boss. His boss you'll be late!"

If you don't get up the second recording, you be sonly! A mechanical "foot" is in the bed. The mechanical foot kicks you in the head. Then the bed waits a few in bed! Slowly the of the bed rises higher and higher. The foot of the bed goes lower and lower. , the bed is vertical(垂直的). You slide off the bed and onto the floor. You are out of bed and become .

Hiroyuki made his bed because he wanted to He works for Honda Motor Company. Every two years Honda has a

contest for its 200,000 employees--" All Honda Idea Contest." The

employees think of new .

Hiroyuki Sugiyama won one of the top prizes for his bed.

36. A. expensive B. special C. valuable D. comfortable

37. A. get B. catch C. make

D. let

38. A. works B. runs C. happens

D. moves

39. A. is separated from B. is made up of C. is connected to

D. is made into

40. A. loud B. classical C. pop D. soft

41. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. way

42. A. sends B. turns C. plays D. appears

43. A. pleasant B. interesting C. unpleasant

D. funny

44. A. shouts B. calls C. whispers D. persuades

45. A. and B. but C. so D. or

46. A. before B. until C. since D. after

47. A. can B. will C. may D. would

48. A. other B. another C. more

D. one

49. A. still B. yet C. already D. even

50. A. end B. middle C. body

D. top

51. A. However B. Finally C. Therefore D. otherwise

52. A. angry B. asleep C. happy

D. awake

53. A. achieve B. win C. gain D. defeat

54. A. ideas B. problems C. facts D. ways

55. A. praises B. positions C. prizes D. medals

第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分,满分40分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

What's on TV?

6 : 00 ③ Let's Talk ! Guest: Animal expert Jim Porter

⑤ Cartoons

⑨News

7:00 ③ Cooking with Cathy

Tonight: Chicken with mushrooms

⑤ Movie "A Laugh a Minute"(1955)

James Rayburn

⑧ Spin for Dollars！

⑨ Farm Report

7 :30 ③ Double Trouble (comedy)

The twins disrupt the high school dance.

⑨ Wall Street Today: Stock Market Report

8:00 ③ NBA Basketball. Teams to be announced

⑧ Movie "At Day's End" (1981)

Michael Collier, Juie Romer

Drama set in World War Ⅱ

⑨ News Special

"Saving Our Waterways:Pollution in the Mississippi”

56. If you were a housewife, which program would probably interest you most?

A. Let's Talk! B. Wall Street Today.

C. Cooking with Cathy. D. Farm Report.

57. If you'd like to watch a game show, you could turn on the TV to

A. Channel 5 at 6: 00 B. Channel 8 at 7 : 00

C. Channel 3 at 7 : 30 D. Channel 3 at 8 : 00

58. Which is most probably the News Channel?

A. 3. B. 5. C. 8.

D. 9.

B

I was being interviewed by a senior manager for a big company. I them was my need to keep my family in Boston. My wife had recently died of a heart attack. A job in Boston would help me reduce some pain for my 16-year-old daughter and me. It was important to me to keep her present high school.

Bruce, the interviewer, was politely kind, but he didn't search any further. He acknowledged(承认) my loss and, with great respect, moved on to another subject. After the next round of interviews, Bruce took me to lunch with another manager. Then he asked me to take a walk with him. He told me that he had lost his wife. And, like me, he had also been married 20 years and had 3 children. I realized that he had experienced the same pain as I had and it was almost impossible to explain to

someone who had not lost a loved one. He offered his business card and home phone number and suggested that, should I need help or just want someone to talk to, I should feel free to give him a call. Whether I got the

job or not, he wanted me to know that he was there if I ever needed help. From that one act of kindness, when he had no idea if we could ever see each other again, he helped our family deal with one of life's greatest losses. He turned the normally cold business interview process into an act of earing and supporting for another person in a time of extreme need.

.

A. generous B. kind C. happy

D. mean

60. The underlined word "principal" in the first paragraph probably .

A. main B. unimportant C. necessary D. possible

A. the writer didn't get the job in the company

B. Bruce made the writer pass the interview

C. another manager also lost his wife

D. the business interview was cold

62. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

A. The writer's daughter was studying in Boston at that time.

B. Both the writer and the interviewer experienced the same pain.

C. Bruce was a senior manager of a big firm.

D. Bruce wanted to make Mends with him because he gave him his

business card and home phone number.

C

One would have to be a fool to overlook the importance of using positive thinking for you rather than snowing negative thinking to work against you. In recent years, research in psychopharmacology(精神药理学) has proved what many people have known over the centuries: a positive attitude is good for you, good for your health, good for your wealth, good for everything.

Researchers have found that a positive attitude produces a

specific chemical reaction which makes people feel better, while negative thinking results in a reduction of hormone(荷尔蒙) and shuts down the immune system. This leads to illness and depression. Positive thoughts will make you feel better. Even if

you must begin by forcing yourself to be positive, it will become

contagious and the positive thoughts will produce nice little chemicals and good feelings which will reinforce the positive thoughts.

For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you "don't feel like smiling or laughing, if you keep at it for a few minutes,

you will soon feel like it. Feelings can make thoughts alive, and thoughts can do it, too. Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings. Positive thinking is important in all aspects of our lives. There is probably no single factor more important in determining your success in achieving your career purposes than your own attitude.

It's often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant(好战的) negativism, the positive workers shine like gold. You cannot control external events, but you can learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy. This important key to success is totally within your control. Use it.

A. positive thinking can cure you of your diseases

B. positive thinking can easily be generated by anyone

C. a reduction of hormone may cause you to be depressed

D. a specific chemical reaction is the cause of negative thinking

64. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. Feeling and thoughts can react to each other.

B. It's easier to control thoughts than to control feelings.

C. Your success depends wholly on your attitude.

D. Keeping smiling will surely make you successful.

A. take positive attitude in the office of militant negativism

B. be kind in your office

C. pay no attention to what is going on around you

D. control your feeling to what is happening to you

.

A. Thinking Benefits People B. Why

Should People Think

C. Positive Thinking and Negative Thinking D. Thinking: The

Important Way

D

What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of

learning that are different from those of others? The answer is "No". It is not a tool a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that makes him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further: he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his question into a large set of ideas about

how the world works.

The scientist's knowledge must be exact. There is no room for half

right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the

conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any change the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the change in the conditions.

This is one reason that investigations are important in science.

Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein's ideas are shown to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.

67. "...knowing how to investigate, how to discover information, is

A. the importance of information

B. the difference between carpenters and ordinary people

C. the difference between scientists and ordinary people

D. the importance of thinking

A. works under one set of conditions at any time

B. leaves no room for improvement

C. does not allow any change even under different conditions

D. can be used for many purposes

69. Which of the following statements is NOT tree?

A. What works under one set of conditions at one time might work

under the same conditions at other times.

B. Tools which a scientist uses for measurements are used to make

mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.

C. A scientist should know more about other branches of knowledge

to arrive in his achievement.

D. Knowing how to investigate, how to discover information is

important to scientists.

70. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Scientists are different from the ordinary people.

B. The theory of relativity.

C. Exactness is the secret of science.

D. Exactness and way of using tools is the key to the making of a scientist.

E

Language is a major problem for the European Union (EU). The agreement or treaty(条约) which created the organization that eventually became the EU, the Treaty of Rome, stated that each country's language must be treated equally. The original(原来的) six countries had only three languages between them: French, German and Dutch/Flemish. However, there are now 15 countries in the EU, with a total of 12

languages. EU documents must be translated into all these languages, and at official meetings the speeches must be translated into all the languages by interpreters.

All this translating is very expensive and time-consuming (费时的). It is said that nearly half of all employees of the EU are engaged in translating documents and speeches, and nearly half of the EU's administrative(管理方面的) costs are spent on this task. In the near future it is probable that several more

countries, most of them having their own languages, will join the EU, thus making the situation even worse.

The problem is not just cost; there are practical difficulties as well. With 12 languages, there are 132 possible "translation situations" that might be needed. It is often difficult to find people in the right place at the right time who can translate from (for example) Danish into Greek, or Dutch into Portuguese, at a high professional standard.

In practice the problem has been made less severe by the use of English in many contacts between EU officials, since almost all of them speak some English. However, any move to reduce the number of official languages (perhaps to four or five) would be a blow to the pride of the smaller Countries. Another commonly suggested solution is to make English the official language for all EU business. However, this is strongly resisted by powerful member countries like France and Germany.

A. was started by France and Germany B. started with three countries

C. was set up by the Treaty of Rome D. included 132 languages

72. What's the main purpose of this passage?

A. To give a solution to a problem.

B. To find out a problem and show how severe it is.

C. To criticize the European Union for inefficiency.

D. To show that the problem cannot be solved.

73. According to the writer, the use of English in contacts among EU

.

A. angered the officials who don't speak English

B. reduced the number of official languages

C. reduced the effect of the problem

D. been opposed by powerful member countries

.

A. a situation that might be difficult to deal with

B. a situation that occurs often

C. one of the 12 situations that requires an interpreter

D. languages easily being interpreted

75. The writer suggests that if the number of official languages was

.

A. the EU would not know which official languages to choose

B. countries whose languages were not used officially would be

unhappy

C. only languages which are easy to translate would be used officially

D. the smaller member countries would be pleased

第二卷 （两部分，35分)

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分 10分)

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断，如无错误，则在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：

此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉，在该行右边的横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词；在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右

边的横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下画一条横线，在该行右边的横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：原行没有错的不要改。

I have a good friend who's name is Li Ying. She is our

monitor and one of the excellent student in our class. Clever as she is, but she works very hard. We have a

lot on common and have a lot to talk about. One evening

she told me that something happened when her parents was

out. She was doing her homework one Sunday morning

when she smell something burnt. She stopped to look out

of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out 8 of her neighbor's house. She called 119 immediate. Ten

minutes later, firemen came and put out fire. Her neighbor was very thankful for her help.

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

目前，学校有在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟

对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in

Examinations”

注意：

1.短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥

2.短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数：

3.词数：100左右。

4.参考词汇：作弊 cheat v .

My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations

It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at

高二下学期期末考试英语试题

1--5 BCCCB 6--10 ABCCA

11--15 BACBC 16--20 CAACA

21--25 DCABB 26--30 CCBDA

31--35 BBBAB 36--40 BAACD

41--45 BCCAD 46--50 DBCAD

51--55 BDBAC 56--60 CDDBA

61--65 ADCAA 66--70 CCAAD

71--75 CBCAB

76. who's → whose 77. student→ students 78. 去掉but 79. on → in

80. was →were 81. √ 82. burnt → burning 83. find → found

84. immediate → immediately 85. ∧ fire → the fire

One possible version:

My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations

It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.

As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. And some of us are lazy and don't work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.

In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What's more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.

19.

定语从句讲解

2008-12-12 15:44 作者： 点击： 34091

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一、详细的定语从句讲解

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

一、 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

6. when引导定语从句表示时间

〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.

I still remember the first time I met her.

Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

二、非限定性定语从句：

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

三、定语从句结构错误

1. 缺关系词

2. 从句中缺成分

摘自《简明英语语法》

在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：

限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如： Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .

为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.

洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。

They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。

非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如：

Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .

（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）

更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它

绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 The combination of satellites, which transmit information ,

computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .

（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： The combination of satellites , computers and television will

change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。

The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。

The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：

The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。

二、定语从句用法详细讲解

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

三、初中定语从句的讲解与练习

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在

句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系

代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书

3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在

句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come

unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他

父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

20.

高一英语必修2 词组归纳总结

Unit 1

1. look into 调查

2. insist on/upon sth/doing 坚持做，坚决做

3. belong to 属于

4. get /be lost ; be missing 迷路，丢失

5. do with 处理；对付

6. in search of ;in the/one’s search for 寻找

7. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

8. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事

9. be made into . . . 被制成；

be made of /from 用…制成(看得见原材料/看不见原材料) be made for 为…制作

be made up of 由…组成

10. be of +抽象名词=be+该词的形容词

“be of +名词(词组)”表示主语的某种形状或特征 be of a(n) / the / the same “属于, 归于”

be of the size / weight / height / age / colour / kind…

11. work of amber art 琥珀艺术品.

12. as a gift of 作为…的礼物

13. in return 作为报答

14. become part of 成为…的一部分

15. serve as 充当，用作

16. add…to… 添加…到…

17. great wonders of the world 世界上的伟大奇迹

18. be at war 处于交战状态

19. less than 少于

20. no doubt 毫无疑问

21. remain a mystery 仍然是个迷

22. take apart 拆开

23. rather than 胜于, 而不是

25. tell the truth 说实话

26. pretend to do sth 假装做某事

27. give an example from your own life 举一个你生活中的例子

28. think highly of 看重，重视

29. search for =look for

30. agree with sb. 同意某人的意见

31.情态动词(could /might /must /should) +have done

表示对过去发生的事情的推测，批评，反悔等意思

32. have sth. done 表示 “请人做某事” “使遭遇某种(不幸的)事情”

Unit 2

1 take part in/join in 参加

2 the spirit of 精神、宗旨、灵魂

3 used to 过去常常

4 find out 查明，找出

5 every four years 每四年，每隔三年

6 two sets of 两套，两组

7 allow sb. in(out) 允许进入（出去）;

8 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（不能说allow to do） 9 allow doing sth. 允许干某事。

10 be/get married(强调状态)＋ to(不能用with) sb 和……结婚 11 a set of 一套，一组

12 compete in… 在某方面竞争

13 compete for… 为……而竞争

14 compete with/against 与……竞争

15 be admitted to 获准做某事

16 be admitted as 作为…被接受

17 reach the standard 达到……水平、标准

18 play an important role/part in 在…方面扮演重要角色（起重要作用）

19 as well as 和……一样

20 thank you for your time 感谢您（能抽空……）

21 come from the same root 同根

22 have (no) chance of doing sth. 有（没）做……的机会 23 go with 伴随，与……搭配

24 relate…to… 把……与关联起来 25 relate with 和……有关

26 run against… 和……赛跑

27 hear of 听说

28 make sure 确定

29 take turns 轮流

30 one after another 一个接一个

31 make sure +that clause 确定

Unit 3

1. sound simple 听起来简单

2. a technological revolution 技术革命

3. artificial intelligence 人工智能

4. begin as 作为…开始

5. solve/settle a problem 解决问题

6. a simple-minded man 一个头脑简单的人

7. mathematical problem 数学问题

8. be totally changed 被完全改变了

9. share information with 与…信息共享

10. serve the human race 为人类服务

11. common knowledge 常识

12. deal with 处理

13. in my opinion 在我看来

14. public opinion 公众舆论 15 an analytical method 分析法

16. share a room with 与…共居一室

17. connect with 与…有关

18. go by （从…旁）走过

19. bring into effect 使生效

20. the common people 老百姓

21. get together 聚集

22. after all 毕竟

23. with the help of 在…的帮助下

24. make up 编造，化妆

25. a personal letter 私人信件

26. watch over 看守，监视

27. have a good time 玩得愉快

28. once a year 一年一度

29. make a decision 做出决定

30. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人干某事

31. building materials 建筑材料

32. in fact 事实上

33. create a new building 创建一栋新楼

34. in a way 在某种程度上

Unit4

1. as a result 结果

As a result of= because of 由于

result in = cause 导致 result form 由于

2. die out （动，植物物种）灭绝

die of 死于…（多内因）

die from 死于…（多外因）

die down 变弱；逐渐消失

be dying for 渴望得到…

3. be at a loss = be puzzled at =be confused 迷惑的，不解的 suffer a loss (of) 蒙受损失 make up for a loss 弥补损失 be lost in one’s thought(陷入沉思) lose heart lose one’s heart to sb

4.in peace 平静的（地）；安静的（地）

in silence/ in quiet/in surprise/in a hurry

5. hunting for 搜索; 搜寻

6.be in danger of 有… 危险 be out of danger 脱离危险 endangered adj. 濒危的 dangerous 危险的

7.have / give an effect on / upon …

take effect(生效) come / go into effect 生效； 实施

8. be concerned about 担心.关心，挂念

9. get dressed 穿上衣服

get done强调动作，不能和表一段时间的状语连用;be done 表状态

10.turn round : 转过去，围绕…旋转

11.apply to应用 be applied to被应用于

apply for 请求,申请….. apply to sb. for sth.

12.protect ……from保护…..免受….危害

prevent from阻止（stop/ keep from）

13 .have a effect on 对...有影响

14. with a sad face looking at her. with + 宾语(O) + 宾语补足语

15.come into being: 形成；产生；开始存在

come into use：开始被使用 come into one’s mind / head: 突然想到

come into fashion: 开始流行come into consideration: 开始考虑 Unit 5

1.roll over 翻身, 打滚

roll up 卷起 roll down 滚下来

2.dream of / about (doing) sth 梦见, 梦想…

3.at a concert 在音乐会上

4.be honest with sb. 对…诚实

be honest about sth.

be honest in doing sth.

4.form the habit of 养成…的习惯

in the form of 以…的形式

in form 在形式上

5.passers-by 路人（复数）

6.earn extra money 赚外快

6.give sb. a chance to do 给某人做某事的机会

7.play jokes/a joke on sb. 捉弄

play tricks/a trick on sb.

laugh at / make fun of 嘲笑；取笑

8.base on 以….为基础, 基于….be based on

9.make music 做音乐

10.break up 破裂；拆散；停止；（战争等）爆发 break in/into 闯进

break off 中断；停止

break down 坏掉，发生故障；（身体）垮掉

11.hit sb. on/in the+身体部位 击中某人的…

12.by chance/accident 偶然，意外地

13.come across 偶然遇见

14.sort out 分类

15.be confident of/about/in 对……有信心

16.give/put on a performace=perform 演出，表演

17.go wrong 出了毛病

18.since then 从那时起

19.come up with 提出

20.stick to do=insist on doing 坚持做某事

21.above of all 首先，最重要的是 first of all 第一

22.play musical instrument 演奏乐器

23.attract one’s attention/interest 吸引某人的注意力/兴趣 21.

高考常用动词短语 (322)

1.动词+about (8)

1) bring about引起,使发生

2) care about关心,对...有兴趣

3) come about发生

4) hear about听说

5) set about 着手,开始

6) speak/talk about谈论

7) think about思考

8) worry about为...担心

2.动词+away (14)

1) blow away吹走

2) break away摆脱

3) carry away拿走,使入迷

4) clear away清除掉,消散

5) die away逐渐消失

6) give away背弃,泄露

7) pass away 去世

8) put away收拾起来,存起来

9) send away让走开

10) take away拿走

11) throw away 扔掉

12) turn away把...打发走

13) wash away冲走

14) wear away磨掉,消耗

3.动词+at (18)

1) aim at向...瞄准

2) call at拜访地点

3) come at 向...袭击

4) glance at匆匆一瞥

5) glare at怒视

6) knock at敲门,窗等

7) laugh at嘲笑

8) look at看,注视

9) point at指向

10) run at冲向,向...攻击

11) shoot at向...射击

12) shout at冲某人嚷嚷

13) smile at冲某人笑

14) stare at凝视

15) strike at向...打击

16) tear at用力撕

17) wonder at惊讶

18) work at干...活动研究

4.动词+back (6)

1) call back回电话

2) give back归还

3) hold back控制住

4) keep back隐瞒,忍住

5) look back回顾

6) take back拿回,收回

5.动词+down (13)

1) break down坏了,垮了,分解

2) bring down使...降低,使倒下

3) burn down 烧毁

4) calm down平静下来

5) come down下落,传下

6) cut down削减,砍倒

7) pass down 传下来

8) put down记下,写下,镇压

9) settle down 安家

10) slow down慢下来

11) take down记下,记录

12) tear down 拆毁,拆除

13) turn down调小,拒绝

6.动词+for (18)

1) apply for申请

2) ask for要求得到

3) beg for乞求

4) call for要求,需要

5) care for关心,喜欢

6) change for用...换

7) charge for收费,要价

8) come for来拿,来取

9) hope/wish for希望得到

10) hunt for寻找

11) long for渴望

12) look for寻找

13) run for竞选

14) search for查找

15) seek for寻找

16) stand for代表,表示

17) take for误以为...是

18) wait for等候

7.动词+from (9)

1) date from始于...时候

2) die from因...而死

3) differ from与...不同

4) hear from收到...来信

5) keep/stop/prevent from不让...做

6) learn from向...学习

7) result from由于

8) separate from把...分离开

9) suffer from受...苦

8.动词+of (10)

1) approve of赞成

2) become of发生...情况,怎么啦

3) complain of抱怨

4) consist of由...组成

5) die of死于

6) dream of梦到

7) hear of听说

8) speak of 读到

9) talk of谈到

10) think of想到

9.动词+off (21)

1) break off打断

2) carry off携走,带走

3) come off脱掉,褪色

4) cut off切断,断绝

5) fall off跌落,掉下

6) get off脱下衣服等

7) get off下车

8) give off散发出

9) go off走开,消失,坏了

10) keep off避开,勿走近

11) knock off把...撞落

12) leave off''中断

13) pay off还清

14) put off延期,推迟

15) ring off挂断电话

16) see off送行

17) set off出发

18) show off炫耀

19) start off出发

20) take off脱下,起飞

21) turn/switch off关掉

10.动词+on (18)

1) bring on使...发展

2) call on拜访

3) carry on继续,进行

4) depend on依靠

5) feed on以...为生

6) have on穿着

7) insist on坚持

8) keep/go on继续

9) live on以...为生

10) look on 旁观

11) move on 继续移动,往前走

12) pass on传授,传递

13) put on穿上,戴上,上演

14) rely on依靠

15) spend on在...花钱

16) take on 雇佣,呈现

17) try on试穿

18) turn/switch on打开

11.动词+out (29)

1) break out爆发

2) bring out 阐明,使表现出

3) burst out迸发

4) carry out 执行

5) come out出版,出来

6) cross out划掉

7) figure out 算出

8) find out查出,弄明白

9) give out散发,分发,用完

10) go out 熄灭

11) hand out 散发

12) help out救助

13) hold out坚持下去

14) keep out of使不进入,挡住

15) leave out省略,删掉

16) let out泄露,发出声音

17) look out当心,堤防

18) make out 理解,看清楚

19) pick out选出

20) point out指出

21) put out 扑灭

22) run out用完

23) send out发出,派遣

24) set out出发,着手

25) speak out大胆讲出

26) try out 试用,试验

27) turn out 结果是,生产

28) wear out穿破,使...疲劳

29) work out算出,想出办法等

12.动词+in(15)

1) break in强制进入,插话

2) bring in引进,使得到收入

3) call in召集,来访

4) cut in插入

5) drop in拜访

6) fill in填写

7) get in收获,进入

8) give in让步

9) hand in上交

10) join in参加

11) look in来访,参观

12) persist in坚持

13) result in导致

14) succeed in在...获得成功

15) take in接纳,吸收

13.动词+into(7)

1) burst into闯入,迸发

2) change into把...变成

3) divide into把...分成

4) look into研究,调查

5) put/translate into把...译成

6) run into碰到

7) turn into变成

14.动词+over(10)

1) fall over跌倒,摔倒

2) get over克服

3) go over审阅,检查,研究

4) look over翻阅,检查

5) roll over翻滚

6) run over压死,看一遍

7) take over接管,接替

8) think over仔细考虑

9) turn over翻倒,细想

10) watch over看守,照看

15.动词+to(19)

1) add to增添

2) agree to同意

3) attend to处理

4) belong to属于

5) bring to使苏醒

6) come to 共计,苏醒

7) compare to与...相比,把...比作

8) devote to贡献给

9) get to到达

10) lead to导致,通向

11) object to反对

12) point to指向

13) refer to谈到,涉及,参阅

14) reply to答复

15) see to处理,料理

16) stick/hold/keep to坚持,忠于

17) supply to为...提供

18) turn to向...求助,查阅

19) write to写信给

16.动词+up(38)

1) break up分解

2) bring up抚养,呕吐,提出

3) build up建立

4) burn up烧毁

5) catch up赶上

6) clear up整理,收拾,放晴

7) come up上来,长出,出现

8) cut up切碎

9) divide up分配

10) do up整理,包装,打扮

11) eat up吃完

12) end up总结

13) fix up修理,安排,装置

14) get up起床,站起

15) give up放弃,献出

16) go up增长,上涨

17) grow up 成长,长大

18) hold up耽搁,使停顿

19) hurry up赶快

20) join up联结起来,参军

21) keep up保持

22) lay up积蓄

23) look up查找,找出

24) make up构成,组成

25) open up开创,开辟

26) pick up拾起,学会,用车,来接,收听到

27) put up 搭/架起,安装,住宿,张贴,盖起

28) ring up打电话

29) send up发射

30) set up架起,建立

31) sit up熬夜

32) speed up加快速度

33) stay up挺住,熬夜

34) take up开始学,从事,占据

35) tear up撕碎

36) throw up呕吐

37) turn up开大,出席,出现

38) use up用完

17.动词+through(7)

1) check through核对

2) get through通过,干完,接通电话

3) go through审阅,检查,学习

4) look through 翻阅,看一遍,仔细查看

5) pull through渡过危机,康复

6) put through接通电话

7) see through识破

18.动词+with(14)

1) agree with同意,与...一致

2) begin with以...开始

3) combine with与...相联合

4) compare with与...相比

5) cover with用...覆盖

6) deal with处理,对付

7) do with处理,需要

8) end with以...结束

9) equip with以...装备

10) meet with遇到,遭受

11) play with 玩,玩弄

12) provide with 以...供给

13) supply with以...供给

14) talk with同...交流

19.三词以上的短语动词(48)

1) add up to总计

2) break away from摆脱

3) catch sight of看见

4) catch up with 赶上

5) come into being出现

6) do away with废除

7) do well in在...干得好

8) get close to接近

9) get down to认真开始

10) get into the habit of染上...的习惯

11) get on/along with和...相处

12) get out of逃避,避免

13) get rid of摆脱

14) get used to习惯于

15) go on with继续

16) help oneself to随便吃,用

17) keep an eye on堤防

18) keep away fro避开,别靠近

19) keep in touch with保持联系

20) keep up with 赶上

21) look down on 轻视

22) look forward to盼望

23) look up to仰望,尊敬

24) lose sight of看不见

25) make a fool of愚弄

26) make friends with同...交朋友

27) make fun of开玩笑,取笑

28) make room for给...让地方

29) make up for弥补

30) make use of利用

31) pay a visit to访问

32) pay attention to注意

33) play a part in 起作用,扮演...角色

34) put up with忍受

35) run out of用完

36) set an example to为...树立榜样

37) set fire to放火烧

38) take a photo of拍...照片

39) take advantage of利用

40) take an interest in对...感兴趣

41) take care of照看

42) take charge of负责

43) take hold of握住

44) take notice of注意

45) take part in参加

46) take pity on可怜

47) take pride in为...而自豪

48) take the place of取代

22.

Unit1 festivals around the world

一.

1. 发生

① take place 有预见的，事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。无被动语态。

② happen 指一切客观事物或情况得偶然或未能预见的发生，无被动语态。

③ break out 经用于负面场合，多指灾难战争疾病。 ④ come about 中性词（正负面）

take one’s place =take one’s seat就坐

take the place of 代替某人

in place 在适当的位置，合适

2. in memory of=in honor of 纪念，追念

in place of 代替 in need of 需要

in favor of 赞同；有利于

do honor to sb.=do sb honor 向??表示敬意

3. dress

dress up盛装；打扮；装饰

dress sb 给某人穿衣服

dress oneself 给自己穿衣服

dress in穿衣服

4. play a joke on 开玩笑

have a joke 说笑话；开玩笑

make a joke about 拿??开玩笑

laugh at 嘲笑

make fun of 取笑

5. medal 奖章，勋章，纪念张

prize 奖品，奖金，战利品

reward 回报，报酬，应酬，报应

award 奖品，因优点奖励或授予

6. gather 应用最广泛的，收集，聚集，集合在一起 。

collect 通常指的是仔细选择相似或有联系的东西 ，来变成有组织的整体的一部分。

7. look forward to 期望，期待，盼望

look out 注意，当心

look over 翻阅，浏览

look into 调查

look up to 仰慕，尊敬

look down upon 轻视

8. keep one’s word 信守承诺

break one’s word

have a word with sb. 和??谈话

have words with sb. 和??争吵

in a word 总而言之

9. hold one’s breath 屏息，屏气

lose one’s break 喘不过气

out of one’s breath 喘不过气，上气不接下气

short of breath 呼吸困难

take a deep breath= breathe deeply 深呼吸

10. apologize

apologize to sb. for...向某人道谦

apologize (doing) sth.因为向某人道谦

make/offer an apology 道歉

accept an apology 接受??

refuse an apology 拒绝??

11. starve for =be starved for/of 渴望得到，迫切需要

二．情态动词

1.can 和could

①表能力 She can speak English.

②猜测 Can she be in the reading now?

③许可或请求许可 Could you ??？

Can 和be able to

can只有现在是和过去式，be able to时态变化多

can 一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to 则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力。

2. may 和might

①表示许可或请求许可 May I come in?

肯定回答Yes, you may.Of course,you may.

否定回答 No,you may not./you can’t./you mustn’t./you had better not.

②表示可能性。He might not come today.

③表示祝愿 May you happy!

3.must

①表示必须 All the students must obey the school rules.

否定: No, you needn’t./you don’t have to.

②表示推测 （只用在肯定句中）

You must be tired after the journey.

③偏偏，偏要。

Why must it rain on Sunday?为什么偏偏是星期天下雨？

4.shall

①和第一、第三人称连用，表示说话人的命令、允诺、警告等。 He shall be sorry for it one day.有朝一日他一定会后悔的。

②问句中，与第一、三人称连用，表示说话人征求对方意见。 Shall we go inside?

5.should

① 表示应当，意思和ought to 相近，但语气稍弱。 We should help others when they are in trouble.

②表示推测，可能

They should be at home by now.

3.will

①表示愿望 I will do my best to help you.

②表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问

Will you pass the message to him?

③表示某种倾向或习惯性动作

Fish will die out of water.

4.would

①表示过去曾有过的意志、愿望和决心

I promised that I would try my best.

②表示请求、愿望、个人看法等，语气委婉.Would you like a cup of coffee?

③表示过去的习惯性的动作或倾向，相当于used to He would go the park to play chess.

5.dare

①He daren’t cross the river.

Dare he cross the river?——No,he daren’t.

② He doesn’t dare to cross the river.

He dares to cross the river.

Unit 2 Healthy eating

1. go on a diet 节食

2. balance 天平，平衡

in the balance 悬而未决

on balance 总的来说

keep one’s balance 保持平衡

3. fry 油煎，油炸

She fried two eggs for breakfast yesterday.

Fry 作不及物动词时，含义为：在油里煎炸 The fish in frying in the pan.

Fry 作定语 fried potatoes

4. lose weight 减肥

put on weight 增加体重

carry weight 重要，有影响

pull one’s weight 尽职

5. get away with 被放过

6. tell a lie/tell lies 说谎

tell A from B 把A和B分开

7. win back 赢回

8. strength 强项，长处，力量

9. consult 咨询，请教，商量，翻阅 consult with sb 和某人商量

consult on sth 商议某事

10.benefit 利益，好处，有利于

benefit from/by 从??中受益

be of great benefit to 对??有很大好处

11.benefit from/by 从??中受益

for the benefit of 为了??的好处

long before 很久以前

long ago

12. cut down 削减，删除；

cut in 插嘴 cut up 切碎

cut out 裁剪 cut off 终止

cut across 走捷径

13.ought to

①表示认为某事很可能

Mary ought to be here soon.

②表示有责任、义务去做某事

I ought to be more careful.

③ought to 构成否定式、疑问式、及反义疑问句的变化I ought not to go.

Ought I to go?

Yes,you ought(to)./No,you needn’t

We ought not to go, ought we?

Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note

1. bring up 抚养，提出，呕吐

2. scene （戏剧）一场；现场；场面；景色 on the scene 在场；到场

behind the scenes 在幕后；在后台 set the scene (for sth) 为??做好准备 come on the scene 到场；出现

3. permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事

be permitted to do sth 被允许做某事 permit of sth 容许

4．Go head

①表示“着手做”或“毫不犹豫地去做” ②前进，先进来，继续做

③取得进展；取得进步

④用在交际用语中

4. as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上

5. by accident =by chance 偶然，无意中，不小心错；失误；错误的

6. stare at 凝视 glare at 怒目而视 by mistake 弄

7.give up =lose heart =lose hope 放弃

8.spot 斑点，污点，发现，认出

On the spot 马上，立刻

Be spotted with 被??发现

Put sb on the spot 使某人为难

9.account for 导致，作出解释

10.seek 寻找，探索，寻找

seek after/for 寻找，追求，探索

seek out 找出，搜出，挑出

11.on the contrary 与此相反，正相反（对上文的转折） to the contrary 相反地（对事物的评判）

by contraries 相反地

be contrary to 和??相反

宾语从句

引导名词性从句的连接词：that,

whether,if,what,whatever,who ,whoever,

whose,which,when,where,how,why

1）

① that引导，不作成分，常被省略

②从句是并列句，第二个级以后的分句前的that不能省略 We all think (that) she is working hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.

2) demand order suggest decide insist desire demand request command 等词后，宾从常用should+V原

The connander ordered that troops (should)set off at once.

3)动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that从句

We think it important that every citizen should have good manners.

4) I don't doubt that

Do you doubt that??

I doubt whether??

5）who whom which whose what等关联词引导时，陈述语序 I always think of how I can work well.

6)whether if

用whether 不用if

A. 引导主语从句并在句首时

B. 引导表语从句

C. 引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时

D. 从句中有or not时

E. 后接动词不定式时

7）当主句谓语动词是现在时态时，宾语从句可根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态

I know that he studied English term.

表语从句

1）that仅起连接作用，不作成分，通常不省略

2）表语从句表是否只能用whether

3）that’s because?? 那是因为??

that’s why? 由于某种原因造成结果

the reason why?is that?

it looks as if

Unit4

Astronomy:the science of the stars

1. system 系统；体系；制度（可数）

规律条理（不可数）

2. theory 学说，理论，既为可数又为不可数名词 in theory 理论上

theoretical 理论的 theoretically 理论上，理论地

3. so that

so…that… 如此??以至于??，引导结果状语从句 常见结构：so+形容词或副词（原级）+that

so+many/few+复数可数名词+that

so+much/little+不可数名词+that

4.in time及时，终于 on time 准时，按时 at one time 曾经；一度；同时

all the time 一直 kill time 消磨时间 once upon a time 从前

for the time being 暂时

in no time 立刻，及时

4. do no harm 无害

do sb/sth harm 对??有害

mean no harm 没有恶意

be harmful to 对??有害

5. lay eggs 下蛋

lay the table 摆饭桌，摆餐具

lay the foundation 奠定基础

lay the blame on 责怪??

6. exist生存，存在

exist in 存在于??中

exist on 靠??生活、生存

exist as 作为?而存在；以?形态存在 in existence 存在；现有

come into existence 开始存在，成立 existent 现存的，存在的

7. give birth to 分娩，产生

at birth 在出生时

by birth 在血统上，生来，天生地 from birst 从出生以来

8．by turns 轮流

on the turn 在转变中，在变质 out of turn 不合时宜地

take turns 轮流

in turn 依次，反之，反过来

8. 阻止，制止

prevent…from=stop…from=keep…from

9. puzzle 谜，难题（可数） puzzle about 苦思苦想

puzzle out 仔细考虑；设法想出

puzzle over苦苦思考

10. block out 挡住，遮住（光线和声音）

block up 塞住；封住（孔、洞）

block off （用路障）封住堵住

Unit5 Canada-“The True North”

1. rather than 与其，不愿，而不是

would do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做??而不愿做 prefer to do sth rather than do sth 与做??相比更喜欢做

2.chat-chatted-chatted-chatting 聊天，闲聊

chat with sb

3．surround?with? 用??包围??

be surround by/with 被??包围、环绕

4.①名词（代词）+现在分词

We shall play the match tomorrow,weather permitting. ②名词（代词）+过去分词

The job finished,we went home.

③名词（代词）+不定式

So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed. ④名词（代词）+介词短语

A girl came in, some books in hand.

⑤名词（代词）+形容词或副词

He sat in the front row,his mouth half open. ⑥There being=名词（代词）

There being nothing else to do ,we went home. ⑦It being+名词（代词）

It being Christmas,the government offices were closed. 有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with Don’t sleep with the windows open.

5. settle down定居，平静下来，专心于 settle on sth 决定做某事

settle sth on sb 将??转让给某人

settle for sth 勉强认可某事

6.manage to do sth 设法做到了某件事情 =succeed in doing sth

try to do sth 尽力做某事，多只某事没有成功

7.catch sight of 看见；瞥见

at first sight 初看之下，乍一看

at the sight of 在看到??时

in/within sight 在视线之内

lose sight of 看不见，忽略，忘记 out of sight 看不见

8.be gifted at/in sth 在??有天赋 have a gift for

9.within 在里面，内心

She is pure within. 他内心纯洁

within doors 在屋内

within five days 五天之内

10.mixture 可数名词，混合物，混合状态 mix混合，调配

be/get mixed up 弄糊涂了，杂乱无章 be/get mixed up in/with 卷入，牵涉进去 mix up 混合，混淆

stated in the previous paragraph, Last but not least想学好英语，首先要

培养对英语的兴趣。“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力，有了兴趣，学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验：喜欢的事，就容易坚持下去；不喜欢的事，是很难坚持下去的。而兴趣不是与生俱来的，需要培养。有的同学说：“我一看到英语就头疼，怎么能培养对英语的兴趣呢？”还有的同学说：“英语单词我今天记了明天忘，我太笨了，唉，我算没治了。”这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时，没有掌握正确的学习方法，没有树立必胜的信心，缺乏了克服困难的勇气，丧失了上进的动力，稍遇失败，就会向挫折缴枪，向困难低头。你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科，学了一段时间之后，学习积极性也逐渐降低，自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是，只要在老师的帮助下，认识到学英语的必要性，用正确的态度对待英语学习，用科学的方法指导学习。开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动，比如 ，唱英文歌、做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了，懂得多了，就有了兴趣，当然，学习起来就有了动力和欲望。然后，就要像农民一样勤勤恳恳，不辞辛苦，付出辛勤的劳动和汗水，一定会取得成功，收获丰硕的成果。毕竟是No pains, no gains吗。 练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件，没有扎实的英语基础，就谈不上继续学习，更谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实，必须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课，提高课堂效率，脚踏实地、一步一个脚印地，做到以下“五到”： 一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神，一刻也不能懈怠，大脑要始终处于积极状态，思维要活跃、思路要开阔，心随老师走，听懂每一句话，抓住每一个环节，理解每一个知识

点，多联想、多思考，做到心领神会。 二、“手到”。学英语，一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的，人不可能都过目不忘，记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说，“好脑筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了，可是过了一段时间，就会忘记，所以，做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的，学到的每一个单词、词组以及句型结构，都记在笔记本上，甚至是书的空白处或字里行间，这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。 三、“耳到”。在课堂上，认真听讲是十分必要的，不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解，而且要认真听老师说英语的语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领，以便培养自己纯正地道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点，在头脑里形成反馈以帮助记忆；理解领会老师提出的问题，以便迅速作答，对比同学对问题的回答，以加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。 四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同时，还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合，印象就会更加深刻。 五、“口到”。学习语言，不张嘴不动口是学不好的，同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声，害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课，同学们只是用眼看或默读，这样就只有视觉信息，而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈，当然记忆也不会太深刻，口部肌肉也得不到锻炼，也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以，要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的时间，大声朗读；课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论，课下对不清楚的问题及时提出，要克服害羞心理，不耻下

问。对学过的课文要多读、勤读、苦读，可以跟录音机读，竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音，要读得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口，一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。利用一切可能的机会，练习英语口语，比如，与外教交流、参加“英语角”活动、与同学进行对话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中的范文要细读精读之外，还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物，既可增长知识，又开阔了我们的视野，也提高了我们的阅读水平。 学英语，词汇的记忆是必不可少的，词汇是学好英语的基础，没有了词汇，也就谈不上句子，更谈不上文章，所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二： 一是持之以恒：每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇，过几天再回头复习一次，这样周期循环，反复记忆，经常使用，就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。需要注意的是，一旦开始，就要坚持下来，千万不能半途而废，切不可三天打鱼，两天晒网。 二是良好的记忆方法：记忆单词的方法很多，学无定法，但学有良法。我认为，张思中的“集中识词，分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中学生应掌握的3500个单词集中汇总，分门别类，先过单词关，然后再学教材，在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。分类的方法有多种，同一元音或元音字母组合发音相同的单词归为一类；根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆；把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在一起集中识记印象比较深刻，记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记40－80个单词，坚持不懈，多联想，多思考，多使用，词汇问题不就解决了吗？在学习的过程中多注视单

词的用法和词组的搭配，牢记老师讲过的单词惯用法和句型，这样不仅有助于我们解题，而且在写作时也会信手拈来，运用自如。 把单词记住，了解词性、词义，掌握其固定搭配与习惯用法，背会时态、从句的各种用法，工作只是完成了一半，我们还得将它们应用到实践中去。就像学游泳，光学理论，不下水应用，不等于掌握了这门技术。不必要搞题海战术，但一定量的典型练习来巩固所学知识是必不可少的。先重视基础练习，如课后习题，单元同步练习，这些是针对课堂知识的巩固性练习，不能好高骛远，光想着一口吃个胖子。基础知识掌握后，有的放失地做一些语法方面的专项练习和考试题型的专题练习。特别提倡同学们准备一本“错题集”，把平时做错的具有代表性的试题或语言点记录下来，以备将来查漏补缺，这样对知识的掌握可以达到事半功倍的效果。 英语是一种语言，不是记住了单词、词组、句型和语法项目就是把它学好了，关键在于使用语言，所以在学习英语时一定要注意听、说、读、写、译全面发展。英语学习首先是一个记忆过程，然后才是实践过程。学习英语，无论如何，勤奋是不可少的，它是一个日积月累的渐进过程，是没有任何捷径可走的，也没有所谓“速成”的灵丹妙方，急于求成，不做踏实工作，是学不好英语的。任何成功的获得都要靠自己的努力，要踏踏实实、勤勤恳恳、兢兢业业、一步一个脚印地学习，端正态度，认真对待学习中的挫折和失败。失败并不可怕，可怕的是对自己丧失信心而一蹶不振。对考试的失败，冷静分析，认真思考，只要对胜利充满信心，善于总结经验教训，不断努力，不断追求，胜利一定是属于你们的

23.