八年级英语语法上册总结
一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)
3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)
4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.
happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级)? difficult (原级)
more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级)
most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
little less least
ill worse worst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
deep deeper deepest
tall taller tallest
形容词比较级的用法:
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。
形容词最高级的用法:
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
二、句子成分
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：
1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
3、表语
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
6、状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
三、句子类型：
1、简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
2、复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
3、两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
四、简单句的五种基本句型
基本句型一： S V （主＋谓）
基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表）
基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
五、宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语 和非正式文体中可以省略。
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
初二上册学的宾从就是这些。
六、时态：
一. 一般现在时: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.
1. 肯定句结构:
(1) 行为动词:
a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+动词原形...
例如:They go to school every day.
b.第三人称单数: He/She/It+动词-s/es… 例如:Lily often likes singing.
(2)系动词(be): I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is…
2.否定句结构:
(1) 行为动词:
a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+don’t+动词原形... 例如:They don’t go to school every day.
b.第三人称单数:He/She/It+doesn’t +动词原形… 例如:Lily doesn’t like singing.
(2)系动词(be): 在is/am/are后加not 例如:I am not a worker.
3. 一般疑问句结构:
a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: Do+they/we/you+动词原形...
例如:Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No, they don’t.）
b.第三人称单数: Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形…
例如: Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.)
(2)系动词(be):把is/am/are提在主语前.
例如:Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I’m not.)
二.现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事情.常与now, look…, listen…等表示现在状态的时间状语连用.
1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing…
例如: The boys are playing football now.
2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not
例如: The boys aren’t playing football now.
3. 一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前.
例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.)
三.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用.
1. 肯定句结构:
(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式…
例如: The twins went to school two hours ago.
(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were…
例如: I was at home last night.
2.否定句结构:
(1) 行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形…
例如: The twins didn’t go to school two hours ago.
(2)系动词(be): 在was/were后加not
例如: I wasn’t at home last night.
3. 一般疑问句结构:
(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…?
例如: Did the twins go to school two hours ago?
(Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.)
(2)系动词(be): 把was/were提在主语前.
例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I was’t.)
四.一般将来时: 表示将来某时将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.常与tomorrow…, next…等表示将来状态的时间状语连用.
1. 肯定句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 主语+will+动词…
例如: We will come to see you tomorrow
(2)用于口语: 主语+am/is/are going to+动词…
例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
2.否定句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 在will后加not
例如: We won’t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won’t)
(2)用于口语: 在is/am/are后加not.
例如: Tom isn’ going to see his uncle next Sunday.
3. 一般疑问句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 把will提在主语前.
例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we won’t.)
(2)用于口语: 把is/am/are提在主语前.
例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday?
(Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.)
五.情态动词: can(能，会)， may（可以，可能，也许）,must(必须，一定，应该） have to（必须，不得不）
1. 肯定句结构: 主语+can/may/must+动词…
例如: I must go now.
2.否定句结构: 在can/may/must后加not. 例如: I mustn’t go now.
3. 一般疑问句结构: 把can/may/must提在主语前.
Must you go now? (Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.)
May I open the window? (Yes, you may. No, you needn’t.)
六.had better+动词原形，表示“最好干……”，变否定句时在had better后加not. 例如:You had better catch a bus.
You’d better not catch a bus. (You had= You’d )
七.动词不定式：want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 动词原形… 例如: I want to get back my book..
Lucy went to see his mother last night.
九.特殊疑问句的变换：对划线部分提问时，将划线部分去掉，剩下部分变一般疑问句语序。（对主语提问例外）
例如: My name is Lily. What’s your name?
The river is 500 kilometres. Hong long is the river?
五、单项选择（20分）。
21.-Will you watch the World Cup match this year?
-No,but I ________ several World Cup matches since I was a small kid.
A.had seen B.saw C.was seeing D.have seen
22.I study by _____ with a group.
A.work B.working C.to work D.to working
23.-Have you cleaned your room?
-____________.
A.Yes,I do. B.No,I don’t. C.Not yet. D.No,I didn’t.
24.I will eat rice,meat ______ noodles.
A.instead of B.stead of C.instead for D.instead by
25.Tong is one of my favorite basketball _______.He is _________ our school basketball team.
A.player;on B.player;in C.players;on D.players;in
26.The man in the white coat isn’t a doctor,________ his wife.
A.so is B.is so C.neither if D.is neither
27.Tom ______ to take the exam later because he was ill.
A.allows B.allowed C.is allowed D.was allowed
28.Could you tell me _______ in 2008.
A.where does she live B.where she lives C.where did she live D.where she lived
29.-Do you still remember _______ me somewhere in Shanghai?
-Yes,of course.Two years ago.
A.to see B.see C.seeing D.saw
30.This is the most beautiful card ________ I have ever got.
A.which B.that C.it D.what
31.Do you know Mr Brown ________ daughter is a famous singer?
A.that her B.whose C.who D.whom
32.-Would you like a cup of tea?
-_______.
A.No,thanks. B.I think so. C.That’s all right. D.Yes,OK.
33.I _______ some cloths to charity because they were too small for me.
A.hung out B.took out C.put off D.gave away
34.-How many students are there in your school?
- ______ the students in our school ________- over two thousand.
A.The number of;is B.The number of;are C.A number of;is D.A number of;are
35.I can’t find today’ newspaper.Maybe someone _______ it away.
A.takes B.will take C.has taken D.is taking
36.-It’s nine o’clock now.I must go.
-It’s raining outside.Don’t leave ________ it stops.
A.when B.after C.while D.until
37.We all went to the park ________ John because he was ill in bed.
A.with B.besides C.except D.beside
38.This is Peter’book.Please __________.
A.give it to him. B.give it him C.give him to it D.give
39.This street isn’t ______.There are many buses and cars.
A.quite B.busy C.quiet D.long
40.Most students in America enjoy ______ pop music.
A.listening to B.to listen to C.to hear D.hearing
七、综合填空（20分）
A.用方框内所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
1.I can’t stop sleeping in class because I ___________________ to late last night.
2.If he doesn’t go,I won’t __________________________________.
3.I think young people should ________________ their own lifestyle.
4.You must _________________ talking like that.
5.We ____________________________ being Chinese.
6.What’s your answer __________________________ this question?
7.As a student,you can’t get to class ______________________.
8.Parents should ____________________ their children to have some spare time.
9.He said he would feel more _____________________ if he chose his own clothes.
10.Hurry up,or you _________________ late for the meeting.
B.短文填空，选择适当的单词填空，每词限用一次。
Everyone likes gifts.Some little kids think they don’t get enough gifts.Some old people think they get too (11)_______ gifts.Different people like different kinds of
(12)_________.Some presents are never (13)____________ small.A little child may give his mother a (14) ___________ from a tree.It is enough to make her very
(15)_____________.
Gift giving is different in (16) _________ countries.In Japan,people sometimes give special gifts.But they don’t open them.(17)____________,they could give the same gift to someone else.Many people have enough things and don’t want too many gifts (18)___________.In the USA,some people (19)_____________ their families and friends not to buy them gifts but give money to charity.In
Swenden,(20)____________ something for someone is the best gift.
八、根据所给的汉语，完成英语句子。每空只填一个单词。（10分）
1.为什么不考虑下个假期去巴黎呢？
____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ Paris for your next vacation?
2.蒂娜过去又矮又胖。
Tina __________ ___________ __________ not only short ________ __________ fat.
3.我们不能推迟制定这个计划。
We can’t ________ _________ ___________ this plan.
4.这个音乐使我想起巴西的舞蹈音乐。
The music __________ _________ of Brazilian dance music.
5.作品正在展出。
The work was __________ ____________.
6.他们供给我们食物。
They _______________ us ___________ food.
7.打扫你的房间你需要花很多时间。
It will take you a lot of time to __________ ______________ your room.
九、书面表达（15分）
假如某英语俱乐部为晚会举行主持人海选活动，要求参赛选手先填写表格，再递交英文自我介绍。下面是Jim填写的表格。请你根据表格内容帮他写一份70词左右的自我介绍。
一、单项填空，在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（本大题共15分，每小题1分）
( )1. ---Which is city ,Sydney or Tokyo?
--- Tokyo ,I think ,it’s city in Japan.
A. larger, largest B. a large , a largest
C. the larger, the largest D. larger ,the largest
(
Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
( )3. I’d like to know A. when will he give back the tape
B. whether has he received higher education.
C. that he has been busy.
D. whether she will join in our English Evening.
( )4. She asked me where during my stay in New York ?
A. I had gone B. had I stayed
C. I had been D. did I live
( )5. —— When again?
——When , I’ll let you know.
A. will he come ,he will come
B. does he come, he comes
C. will he come , he comes
D. does he come ,he will come
( )6. How long did she reading the novel?
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. take
( )7. All the students were pleased to find the exam for they found the
answers
A. easy ,easy B. easily ,easily
C. easy, easily D. easily, easy
( )8. ---She looks very happy. She ____ have passed the exam.
--- I guess so. It’s not difficult at all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
( )9.I have two good friends and we nurses.
A. are all B. are both C. all are D. both are
( )10. Could you tell me how long the shop A. had opened B. has been open
C. has opened D. had been open
( do you like the picture on the wall? ---The colour.
A. How of B. How C. What , about D. what
( )12. It was such an interesting book that he had read it for two hours he
realized it.
A. while B. until C. before D. after
( )13. Though Li Ming was weak in English, everyone passed the exam him.
A. but B. except C. including D. besides
( )14. The hotel is crowded with people. Let’s go and see what .
A. is happened B. was happening
C. is going on D. is the trouble
( )15. A: May I use your bike ,Jack?
A: .It’s broken.
A. Yes ,please B. I’m afraid not.
C. Sure. D. No, thanks.
二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分）
“Wanted :Violin. Can’t pay much. Call…”
That advertisement(广告)made me remember my childhood. I, too, had wanted but we were not rich enough. Even though times were hard. I couldn’t wait any longer to ask, “Daddy ,may I have a violin of my own?” Daddy’s face looked . But a few weeks later, Daddy went home with a , saying, “Dear ,I found this second-hand violin for eight dollars.”
When I carried my violin to for my first lesson, no one could know the happy feeling in my heart. Several weeks seemed to run more quickly then and I found in the first violin chair. More years passed. My violin was always with me, and I put it away.
Now here I’m reading the newspaper advertisement. I found the case(手提箱) deep in my cupboard. I put it out on the table .Then I picked up the ,and walked to call according to the number.
Later, a man in his thirties knocked at my door. “ I’ve been expecting someone would my advertisement. My daughter wants a violin so much,” he said ,
“How are you asking?” Any music shop, I knew, would offer me higher pay .But now I heard my voice answer. “Eight dollars.” “Are you sure?” he asked ,causing me
to think so much of Daddy , “Eight dollars,” I repeated and then said, “I hope your little girl will enjoy it I did at her age.”
I smiled, but I found my tears rolling down.
( )1. A. bag B. violin C. book D. piano
( )2. A. sad B. friendly C. windy D. excited
( )3. A. box B. bag C. case D. wallet
( )4. A. lab B. cinema C. school D. park
( )5. A. me B. him C. myself D. himself
( )6. A. carelessly B. carefully C. slowly D. quickly
( )7 A. Advertisement B. case C. newspaper D. money
( )6. A. buy B. ring C. write D. answer
( )9. A. much B. many C. long D. often
( )10. A. what B. when C. as D. like
四、单词拼写（本大题共10分，每题1分）
（A）根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Soccer is an international game .A soccer game usually lasts minute.(nine)
2. I’m afraid he’s made the wrong on that mater. (decide)
3. At the sports meeting ,the class 4 won the first place.(run)
4.Mr Green will go abroad for study next year.(far)
5. ,we can go to the moon some day.(hope)
(B) 根据句意和汉语注释，写出单词的正确形式
6.We invited David to have dinner with us ,but he (拒绝).
7.I love reading. It brings me a lot of （愉悦)
8.In the world there are still many poor people from hunger now.（遭受)
9.Mr Li likes living in a small room which south（面向)
10.A lot of countries are all interested in Chinese medicine（进口)
1、 2、 3、 4、 5、
6、 7、 8、 9、 10、
五、动词填空，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。（本大题共10分，每小题1分）
1. _____ many new ways ______ to turn the desert(沙漠) into good land ? (try)
2. She said she _____ the pleasant trip to Australia for ever.(remember)
3. His aunt _____ her car to London from eight to ten yesterday morning.(drive)
4. Jim is too busy ______ with his parents, he is getting ready for tomorrow’s exam.(chat)
5. My uncle wanted to know why I _____ to him since I left him two months ago. (not write)
6. The woman stopped _____ the floor because she had something else to do. (mop)
7. Newton wondered why the apple ______ to the ground instead of into the air.(fall)
8. Just now my grandparents ______ at the train station by my father. They miss us very much. (meet)
9. You mustn’t eat this egg, it ______ bad. (go)
10. Please listen to your teacher carefully, or you _____ the key points. (miss)
1、 2、 3、 4、 5、
6、 7、 8、 9、 10、
六、句子翻译，按所给的汉语，用英语完成下列句子，（本大题9分，每小题1.5分）
1、没人知道谁将给他做手术？
Nobody knew who he ________________________ by?
2、在她很小的时候，她把大多的精力放在弹钢琴上。
When she was young, she _____________________ piano.
3、试图掩饰你的焦虑不让别人知道会使情况更糟糕。
Trying _________________________________ can make them worse.
4、我们都想知道这位病人多久以后能醒来。
We wondered ____________________________________________.
5、那位驾驶员在交通事故中伤得很重，必须马上送医院。
In the traffic accident the driver was _________________________ he must
be taken to hospital at once.
6、世界杯使Dick对足球更加痴迷。
The World Cup makes Dick football .
1、
2、
3、
4、
5、
6、
七、缺词填空，先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容和所给首字
母，在空格内填入一个适当的词，使短文意思完整，所填单词在题后横线上必须
完整写出。（本大题共6分，每格0.5分）
crops from frost!
Some growers spray(喷) their crops with water on a very cold night. Water freezes(结
冰) quickly on the plants and then a strange thing h (3) . As long as ice s (4) wet, it can’t get colder than 0℃, a ℃
strange kind of “ice blanket” w1、 2、 3、 4、 5、
6、 7、 8、 9、 10、
11、12、
.
2009初三英语模拟测试答案
第一卷 选择题 共55分
一、单项填空，在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（本大题共15分，每小题1分）
CDDCC BCCAB CCCCB
二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分）
BACCC BCDAC
二、阅读理解(共30分，每小题2分)
（A）CBC （B）ADA (C) CBBB (D) ABDDC
第二卷 （非选择题，共45分）
四、单词拼写（本大题共10分，每题1分）
（A）1. ninety 2. decision 3. runners 4. further 5. Hopefully
(B) 1. refused 2. pleasure 3. suffering 4. faces 5.importing
五、动词填空，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。（共10分，每小题1分）
1. Are tried 2. would remember 3. was driving4. to chat 5. hadn’t written
6. mopping 7. fell 8. were met 9. has gone 10. will miss
六、句子翻译，按所给的汉语，用英语完成下列句子，（共9分，每小题1.5分）
1、would be operated on 2、put most of her effort into playing the
3、to keep your worries to yourself 4、how soon the patient would wake up
5、so badly hurt that 6. be crazier about
七、缺词填空。（本大题共6分，每格0.5分）
1.seem 2.protect 3.happens 4.stays 5.temperature
6.drop7.danger8.again 9.keep 10.saves11. works 12. enough
III． 句型转换。（10分）
按要求改写下列各句，每空一词。
21. Mr Green is going to travel around the world. (改为同义句)
Mr Green is going to travel ______ ______the world.
22. The twins are going to the park tonight. (改为否定句)
The twins ________ ________ going to the park tonight. 对划线部分提问)
________ ________ she going to Bejing?
24. There are over one hundred boys on the playground. (改为同义句)
There are ________ ________ one hundred boys on the playground. 对划线部分提问)
________ ________ you going to ________ next Saturday?
IV. 根据应答语从方框中选出适当的问句补全对话。（10分）
Peter: ______26______?
Linda: I'm going to be a teacher when I grow up.
Peter: ______27______?
Linda: I'm going to work harder in school this year. And I'm going to get a part-time job.
Peter: ______28______?
Linda: I want to put some money in the bank. I'll need money for college. Peter: ______29______?
Linda: I want to work with computer.
Peter: That sounds great!
It's Wednesday afternoon. School is __30__. The students are putting their books, pencil-boxes__31__ their school bags. The teacher comes in and says to the students, "Don't go, children. I have __32__ to tell you. Listen to me. Tomorrow is __33__. There is going to __34__ a parents' meeting in our school. The meeting ｂｅｇｉｎｓ at nine o'clock in the morning. __35__ are your school reports and letters to your parents. __36__ them back home. Give your parents the letters and __37__ them your school reports. Ask them__38__ to the meeting tomorrow, because I'm__39__ say something about next term."
30. A. up B. on C. under D. over
31. A. into B. to C. on D. out
32. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
33. A. Monday B. Thursday C. Friday D. Tuesday
34. A. have B. is C. be D. has
35. A. There B. This C. That D. Here
36. A. Bring B. Carry C. Take D. Make
37. A. show B. watch C. see D. look
38. A. come B. to come C. coming D. comes
39. A. going B. go to C. will D. going to