1.1 Basic Views of Language
1.1.1 Traditional Linguistics
The naturalists argued that the forms of words reflected directly the nature of objects.
The conventionalists thought that language was conventional and there was no logic connection between form and meaning of words.
1.1.2 Structural Linguistics
Leonard Bloomfield: a language was a habit of verbal behavior which consisted of a series of stimuli and responses.
In structuralists’ belief, language is a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: from phonological, morphological, lexical, etc. to sentences.
1.1.3 Transformational Generative Linguistics 转换生成语言学
Noam Chomsky: Children are born with a language acquisition device (LAD). This LAD is made up of a set of general principles called universal grammar. The particular language environment will trigger the LAD and children’s language acquisition process completes when the universal grammar is successfully transformed into the grammar of a particular language.
1.1.4 Functional Linguistics
J.R. Firth: All branches of linguistics are concerned with meaning, and the meaning of linguistic items depends on the context of situation.
Language is viewed as a dynamic, open system by means of which members of a community exchange information and communicate.
1.2 Definition of Language:
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
第二篇：京翰教师总结小学英语学习方法
京翰教师总结小学英语学习方法
调查发现，英语学习的起始时间越来越早，很多小学在一年级就已经开设了英语课。但被曝很多小学生在学校开设英语课时并没有做好充足的思想准备，更没有良好的学习习惯。方法不当只会导致学生越学越觉得枯燥，甚至对英语产生了厌烦和畏惧的心理。
对小学生而言学习英语究竟有什么好的良策呢？京翰教育以发挥小学生自身条件为基础，结合英语学习的一些规律，为小学生们找到了适合他们的英语学习方法，供家长们参考：
一、以兴趣为契机，多结合生活实际，学会运用语言
相关报道称，初学英语阶段，意识还处于感性阶段，要学会激发培养小学生的学习兴趣，如通过做游戏、唱儿歌、画图画等小学生喜闻乐见的形式来调动学习热情和积极性，让他们明白学习英语是件很有趣的事情。
二、注意良好学习习惯的养成
1、倾听的习惯
2、养成规范书写的习惯
3、养成背诵的习惯
三、注重积累，搜寻有效的记忆方法
记忆在英语学习中占有重要地位，记忆方法直接关系到英语学习的成败。小学生是初学者，对于单词的记忆还知识处于感性阶段，如能引导得当，能发挥他们记忆的潜能。
很多人说在阅读中背单词，但京翰教育揭示，那是需要一定的单词量作为基础才行。虽然阅读很重要，但集中精力专门背单词还是必须的，否则单词量太少，阅读就完全失去了兴趣。
四、持之以恒，把握未来
1. 上课时间一定要充分把握
2. 坚持大声朗读课文,可改善自己的语音,语调
3. 对于每课的语法重点,要适时总结,细致分析
4. 需要背诵的课文一定要能默写
5. 可选购一本符合自己能力的辅导书,每天适当练习
6. 可选择一位课外辅导教师，及时帮助自己查漏补缺