常用介词短语总结
一、近义介词短语辨析
1. 表示原因(通常在句中作状语)
1) because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)
2) on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素
3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of one’s own will(出于自愿)
4) owing / due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语,如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。
5) thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为"多亏,幸亏由于"。例句: He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。
Michel and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。
She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。
Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。
Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。
2. 表示排除
1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式
2) apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示"除……之外",相当于except (for), 又可以表示"除……之外,(还,也)"相当于besides。例句: They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。
We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。
Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。
3. 表示"有关,关于"
1) 表示"关于"的介词:concerning(较为正式),respecting(关于,至于),regarding(关于,就……而论,在……方面)等
He quarreled with his neighbor concerning the house. 他因房子问题和邻居发生了争吵。
I’m at a loss respecting his whereabouts. 我全然不知道他的踪迹。 Regarding the punishment, what would you advise?
就这种处罚来说,你有什么意见？
2)表示"关于"的介词短语:with respect to(关于,就……而言)；in respect of(就……而论,在……方面)；in / with regard to, in / with reference to,
in connection with也都表示"(正式用语)关于,有关"；as for和as to在用于句首表示"至于"时区别不大,可以互相通用,但as to表示"关于"时不能和as for互换,相当于about和concerning。
4. 表示"在……之前"
1) ahead of意为in advance of,可表示"(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早"；还可表示"领先,优于"
2) in front of 多指空间的前后关系,"在……正前方"
3) prior to(正式用语)指时间与重要性方面"在……之前"
4) previous to指时间与顺序上在……前
5) preparatory to意为in readiness for, as a preparation for, 为做准备而在……之前
6) on the eve of "在……前夕",如:on the eve of our examination / victory 在我们考试/胜利的前夕例句:
5. 表示"支持,赞成"
1) in support of 维护,支持,支援
Mr. Smith spoke in support of the motion. 史密斯先生发言支持这项提议。
2) in favor of 可指某人"支持,赞成",也可指事物"有利于……"
Are you in favor of the proposal? 你赞成此建议吗？The exchange rate is in our favor.
兑换率有利于我们。
6. 表示"鉴于,由于；根据,按照"
1)in the light of 按照,考虑到
He rewrote the book in the light of further research. 考虑到进一步的研究,他重写了那部书。
2)in terms of 就……而言,谈到
The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪水而言,这是份好工作。但它也有不足之处。
3)on the grounds of; on ... grounds 以……为理由/根据
Their request for a permission to open a mine was denied on environmental grounds. 基于对环境问题的考虑,他们开矿的请求没有被许可。
4)in accordance with 与……一致,书面语
5)according to 根据；按照A diplomat must act according to circumstances. 外交官必须会随机应变。
(二)形近义异介词短语辨析
1. ①all but 几乎,差一点(almost)；除了……都(all except)
②anything but单单除……之外；根本不……
③nothing but 仅仅,只不过(only, no more than)
I all but stumbled. 我差一点摔跤。
I will eat anything but carrot. 我什么都吃,就是不吃胡萝卜。
He is anything but clever. 他根本不聪明。
The fellow is nothing but a fool. 那家伙不过是个傻瓜而已。
2. ①at a time 每次,一次
②at one time曾经,一度(once)；
同时(at the same time; simultaneously)He used to abandon his work for many months at a time. 他过去常常把工作一丢就是好几个月。
At one time she was the chairman of the board. 她曾担任董事会主席。 He was the chairman of the board and at one time he was also the president of the company. 他同时担任董事会主席和公司总裁。
3. ①at no time决不,从不(never; on no occasion)
②in no time立即,马上(in a very brief time)
At no time did I feel they were being unreasonable. 我从没觉得他们不讲理。
We’ll be there in no time.我们很快就会到那儿。
4. ①for the moment暂时(as far as the present time is concerned, although perhaps not later)
②at the moment此刻,现在(at present time; now)
③in a moment很快,一会儿(very soon)
For the moment we are content to watch and wait.目前我们甘心在一旁观察和等待。(暗含以后不甘于这样的意味)
I’m busy at the moment, but I’ll do it later. 这会儿我很忙,过后我会处理这件事的。
I am on the telephone now, but I will be with you in a moment. 我正打电话,一会儿就到你那儿去。
5. ①at present目前,现在(at the present time or moment; now)
②for the present暂时,暂且(temporarily)；就目前而言(as far as the present time is concerned意指某一情形目前存在着,但很可能会发生变化)
We don’t know at present who will win the election.现在我们还不知道谁将在选举中获胜。
For the present she continues with the antibiotics. 目前她还是继续使用抗生素。
6. ①out of question毫无疑问(without doubt; doubtless),作表语
②out of the question不可能的(not to be thought of as possible; not to be done),也作表语
③without question毫无疑问,毫无疑义(without arguing or asking why it is
necessary),作状语
The sabotage is out of question a fresh blow to international peace efforts. 那次阴谋破坏无疑对国际和平努力又是一个新的打击。
She knew that a holiday was out of the question this year.她知道今年不可能有假期。
Without question he is the brightest student in the school. 毫无疑问,他是全校最聪明的学生。
7. ①for oneself为自己
②to oneself 归于自己
③of oneself 由自己构成,出于自动
④in oneself在自身境界中,在自身属性中
⑤by oneself 自动地,单独地
8. ①on the contrary表示完全不赞同某一说法并提出与该说法"正相反,恰恰相反"的事实
②by / in contrast用于表示两个极不相同的事实之间的明显差异,意为"与此形成对照；相比之下"
—Does it rain a lot in the desert? 沙漠里下雨多吗？
—On the contrary, it hardly ever rains. 恰恰相反,那儿几乎从不下雨。 By/In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 相比之下,我们的石油用量增长巨大。
9. ①at the cost of 以(某物)为代价,以牺牲某人的生命为代价
②at the expense of由……支付费用,以(损害或损失)……为代价
He saved the girl from drowning at the cost of his own life. 他舍身把溺水的姑娘救出来。
His successful career was at the expense of his social life. 他成功的职业生涯是以牺牲社交生活为代价的。
10. ①in the face of 面对,纵然遭遇(困难、问题等)而
②in the presence of / in one’s presence 某人在场的情况下,当着某人的面 ③in front of也可表示当着某人的面
介词与其他词类的固定搭配
介词常常和形容词、名词、动词等构成固定搭配，以表示固定的意义。
(1).形容词与介词的固定搭配:
形容词与介词的固定搭配
{1} 形容词+about
Angry with对??生气 anxious about担心 calm about对??很平静 care bout小心 careless about粗心 certain about对??有把握
curious about对??好奇 sure about确信 doubtful about对??怀疑 enthusiastic about对??热情的；热心的 hopeful about对??抱希望 frank about对??坦白的；坦率的 incredulous about对??不相信
{2} 形容词+at
clever at擅长于?? expert at对??熟练的 good at擅长于??
indignant at对??愤慨的 quick at做??敏捷 slow at 对??反应慢 surprised at对??吃惊
{3} 形容词+for
anxious for渴望的 eligible for有资格的 famous for因??而著名 fit for对某人适宜 hungry for对??渴望 late for迟到
possible for可能 qualified for有资格的 ready for准备好
responsible for对??负责 necessary for为??所必需
{4} 形容词+from
absent from缺席 free from使??摆脱 prohibited from禁止某事物 safe from安全 detached from分开某物 different from与??不同
{5} 形容词+in
absorbed in专心于 disappointed in对??失望 experienced in有经验 expert in 在??熟练 fortunate in有幸 interested in对??感兴趣 rich in富于；盛产 successful in在??成功
{6} 形容词+ of
afraid of害怕 ashamed of羞耻 aware of知道 certain of确信
fond of喜爱 guilty of有罪的 proud of骄傲 short of缺乏
sick of厌烦 tired of厌倦 worthy of值得
{7} 形容词+to
contrary to与??相反 determined to有决心的 equal to等于
familiar to为??所熟悉 favorable to对??有利 harmful to有害的 inclined to准备做某事 indifferent to对??不在乎 similar to相似；相同 {8} 形容词+with
angry with对??感到恼火 annoyed at对??烦恼 busy with忙于 crowded with拥挤 familiar with精通；熟悉 friendly with与??友好
nervouse with对??感到紧张 patient with对??有耐心 popularwith受欢迎 satified with对??满意
{9} 形容词+on
dependent on依靠 intend on坚决；专心 keen on热衷于某事物 severe on严格的
(2). 名词与介词的固定搭配:
{1} 介词+名词。如：
at the cinema在电影院 at university上大学 from……point of view从某人的角度
for the sake of为了 in poerty 在穷困中 in earnest有决心的
on sale在出售 on the average平均的 on the contrary相反地
on the radio 通过收音机 to some extent某种程度
to one’ssurprise让某人吃惊 to one’sdelight让某人高兴
{2} 名词+介词。如：
dependence on依靠 independence on不依靠
discussion about/on关于??的讨论 hundres on数以百计的
thousands of成千上万的 influence on对??的影响
explanationof/for对??的解释 half of??的一半
the idea of……的主意 lack of缺乏
proof of……的证据 reason of??的原因
Responsibility for对??的责任 success in/at在??成功
(3). 动词与介词的固定搭配:
{1} 动词+介词
1 跟介词“of'的搭配
assure sb. of sth． 向(某人)保证(某事) convince sb．of sth． 使(某人)信服(某事) be sure of sth． 相信，确信 persuade sb．of sth． 劝说(某人)相信某事 be aware of sth． 意识到 be conscious of sth. 意识到
inform sb．of sth． 告诉；通知 warn sb．of sth. 警告
remind sb. of sth． 提醒 suspect sb．of sth． 怀疑
rob sb. of sth． 抢劫；掠夺 cheat sb．of sth． 骗取，诈取 accuse sb．of sth． 指控 relieve sb．of sth． 解除，缓解 cure sb．of (illness) 治愈 consist of 组成
be made up of 组成 be composed of 组成
be fond of 喜欢 be short of 缺少
be tired of 厌倦 be ignorant of 无知；不知道
be proud of 以．．．为豪 be full of 充满
be considerate of 体谅；考虑周到 boast of 夸耀
approve of 同意；批准 repent of 后悔
take advantage of 利用 take account of 考虑
make fun of 取笑(某人) make a fuss of 对??大惊小怪；小题大作
2 跟介词“to”的搭配
object to 反对 oppose to 反对 adhere to 坚持 tick to 坚持
fasten to 拴在 be chained to 依附；捆在 cling to 依附，坚持 reply to 回答；答复 respond to 答复；响应 confess to 承认
confine sth. to sth. 限制；禁闭 consent to 同意；答应 submit to 服从；屈服 be subject to 易受??影响，隶属 be prior to 在前的；居头的 prefer to 宁愿；喜欢
previous to 在??以前 refer to 涉及；谈到；查阅 apply to 适用于 attach sth. to sth. 缚; be attached to sb. 依恋(某人)； attribute to 归功于
contribute to捐款；贡献 resort to采用(手段)等 appeal to呼吁，要求，投合 ??所好
owe ... to 归功于 look forward to 期望；盼望 hang on to 紧紧握住
be subsequent to 后于 be loyal to 忠诚于 be partial to 对...偏爱 be sensitive to 对...敏感 be similar to和...相似 be superior to 优于
be inferior to 劣于 be vital to 对??重要 be alert to 警觉
be adequate to （对?而言）足够，适当
be contrary to 与??相反 be familiar to 熟悉
be indifferent to 漠不关心；冷漠 be reduced to 使陷入，沦为
be close to 接近于 be up to （a certain job） 胜任；适合于
be immune to 免疫 appoint sb．to (a certain position) 任命
commit sb．to sth.使某人承担义务 entitle sb．to sth.给某人权利； entitle sth.给起名
accommodate oneself to 使...适应 adjust oneself to 使适应；调整
accustom oneself to 习惯于 dedicate oneself to 献身于 devote oneself to 献身于
expose oneself to使暴露；使面临 restrict oneself to限制 resign oneself to顺从于；甘心于
limit oneself to 限制 commit oneself to 献身于
3 跟介词"from”的搭配 ·
tell ... from 区分；辨别 distinguish．．．from 区分；辨别
separate ... from 分；分开 originate from 来源于
arise from 由??而产生； derive from 起源；由来
result from 由??而产生 prevent sb. from 防止
prohibit sb. from 禁止；阻止 deter sb. from 阻止；吓住
hinder ... from 阻止 dissuade sb. from 劝说，
protect ... from 保护 shield ... from 保护
keep from 阻止；隐满 refrain from 忍住；抑制住
release ... from 解脱；释放 restrain from 抑制；限制
immune ... from 免除 exempt ... from 免除
rescue ... from 挽救，营救 eliminate ... from 排除
secure sb. from 使某人安全；不受打击 save ... from 挽救
escape from 躲避；逃脱 find shelter from 躲避；庇护
free ... from 解除；使摆脱 abstain from 回避；戒，弃权
differ from 不同 defend ... from 保护；保卫
suffer ... from 遭受 distract ... from 使分心
dismiss ... from 开除；解雇 abstract from 从...提取
deduct ? from 扣除；减去 withdraw from 退出；撤退
vary from 不同 deduce from 推断
preserve ... from 保护；保存 extract ? from 从??取出，设法得到
be distinct from 不同
4 跟介词"for"的搭配
request for sth./ request to do sth. 要求 seek for 寻求
appeal to sb. for sth. 请求,呼吁 apply for sth. 申请
fit for 适合 mistake ... for 误认为
hunger for 渴望 wait for 等候
beg for sth. 乞求 be bound for sw. 开往??的； be responsible for 负责 be suitable for 适合
be famous for 以??出名 have a bent for sth. 爱好
have a desire for 要求；需要
5 跟介词“on”的搭配
depend on 依靠 count on 依靠；指望
rely on 依靠；依赖 be based on 把??基于
center on sth. 集中在??上 be bent on sth. 坚决；一心要干某事
concentrate on 集中 comment on 评论
congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺 operate on 动手术
put emphasis on sth. 强调 insist on 坚持
be hard on sb. 过分严厉对待 impose sth. on sb. 把??强加于 be keen on 喜爱；渴望
6 跟介词“in”的搭配
believe in 相信 consist in 在于，存在于
result in 导致 persist in 坚持 engage in 参加；从事
succeed in 成功 be involved in sth. 卷入
invest in 投资 be absorbed in 吸引，使专心
take part in 参加 participate in 参加
take delight in 喜欢 take pride in 以...自豪
be active in 积极参加have confidence in 信任 have faith in 相信
{2} 动词+副词+介词
catch up with赶上；超过 do well in在??方面做得好 get on with与某人相处 go on with继续 take care of关心 take part in参加