初一年级（上）英语知识点梳理
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat
5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look
9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on
13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping
II. 重要句型
1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about…?
3. Let’s do sth. 4. It’s time to do sth.
5. It’s time for … 6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…
7. Where is…? It’s…. 8. How old are you? I’m….
9. What class are you in? I’m in…. 10. Welcome to….
11. What’s …plus…? It’s…. 12. I think…
13. Who’s this? This is…. 14. What can you see？ I can see….
15. There is (are) …. 16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…
17. Whose …is this? It’s…. 18. What time is it? It’s….
III. 交际用语
1. Good morning, Miss/Mr…. 2. Hello! Hi!
3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.
4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?
5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You’re welcome.
7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What’s your name? My name is ….
9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who’s on duty today?
11. Let’s do. 12. Let me see.
IV. 重要语法
1. 动词be的用法；
2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；
3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；
4. 冠词的基本用法；
5. There be句型的用法。
【名师讲解】
1. in/on
在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：
There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。
There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。
2. this/that/these/those
(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如：
You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。
I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。
Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。
This is mine; that’s yours. 这个是我的，那个是你的。
These are apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果，那些是橘子。
(2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是对方。例如：
This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是玛丽。你是谁？
3. There be/ have
There be "有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：
(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。
(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。
(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。
总之，There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：
(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。
(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。
4. look/ see/ watch
(1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：
Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。
Look! What’s that over there? 看！那边那个是什么？
单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：
He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。
(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：
What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么？
Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？
(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：
Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。
4. put on/ / in
put on意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。
in 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：
It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。
He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。
The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。
5. house/ home/family
house ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：
Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。
He is not at home. 他不在家。
My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。
6. fine, nice, good, well
四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：
(1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也
可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如：
Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。
That's a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。
It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好时候。
(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：
Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。
Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。
It's very nice of you. 你真好。
(3)good形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"质量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：
Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。
The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。
(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：
I'm very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。
My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。
Be动词用法：
Be动词有三个，am,is还有are.我用am, 你用are, is跟着他她它，复数全部都用are.
1.1 Be 动词的三种形式(am, is, are) （一般现在时态中）
I am in guangzhou now.
My father (He) in Shanghai.
My sister (She) is in Wuhan.
Guangzhou (it) a city.
We (Lucy and I ) students.
You are a teacher.
They(Guangzhou and Wuhan) cities.
练习：用am, is, are 填空。
1． The U.S._______ a big country.
2． Guangzhou _______ one of the largest province in China.
3． Guangzhou and Shanghai _______ morden cities.
4． We _______ in Guangzhou now.
5． I _______ a student in XX school.
6． Lucy and I _______ teenagers.
7． David _______ my classmate.
8． You _______ my best friend.
9． My dog _______ my best friend.
10． My mother and sister _______ at home.
1.2 Be 动词的用法。（7种用法）
1. Guangzhou isbeautiful. (对主语进行描述。)
2. Guangzhou isa city. (对主语下分类。即主语是什么。)
3. Guangzhou isin the south. (主语的位置。)
4. We are from China. (主语来自于哪里。)
5. I am 16 years old. (主语的年龄。)
6. It is hot in guangzhou. (描述天气。)
7. It is 6 o’clock. (表示时间。)
1You有两种意思：你，你们。BE动词都用 are.到底是哪种意思，要看后面的名词。 You are a student.(你) You are students.（你们）
2 当主语是另外一个人和I 时。Be动词用are.并把另外一个人的名字放I之前，表示对别人的尊重。John and I are good friends.
3 主语用人称代词it来谈论时间和天气。BE动词用is. It is hot in Guangzhou. It is 6 o’clock now.
is big. New York and Chicago are big.
一般疑问句：
一般疑问很好认，be,do和情态，三者开头是一般。句首没be就加do.
Be分am,is,are. Do, does,did是助动。情态动词有许多，can,may,would,must,
还有shall和should,情态动后加动原，遇到some是特殊，any不把some变。
它的回答很简单，yes和no轮流用，哪词来问哪词答。
冠词用法：
冠词有三个，a ,an 还有the。a, an用单数，单复都用the.an用元音前，the要多注意。
特指要用the, 独一无二也是the. 序数，最高级前不少the。
还有情况不用冠，国名，地名，人名前，前有my,this等限定，冠也千万不能用，
球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the.
零散语法：
动词后面用宾格，主格用在不能放句尾，形容物代跟名词，名词物代不跟词。
Like后有名词，没有限定必跟复，如果动词放在后，ing小尾巴不能丢。
Would like是想要，想做事情加to do, want to ,how to不少to, to后动原永不变。
特殊疑问词
特殊疑问词(7个wh-和1个how) 7个wh-: what, who, where, when, which, why, whose
二、结构1. 特殊疑问词作主语时，句式为：特殊疑问词+动词单三形式（或is）+其他？ eg.
{1}Who is at school? 谁在学校？ {2}Who teaches you English? 谁教你英语？
2. 特殊疑问词+主语时，句式为：特殊疑问词+主语+动词（或be）+其他？ eg.
Whose brother is a teacher? 谁的哥哥是一名老师？
3. 其他情况：特殊疑问词+助动词do/does(或be)+主语+动词原形+其他？ eg.
{1}What does he do? 他是做什么的？{2}Where is Chicago? 芝加哥在哪儿？
20##—2009年初一英语上学期期末知识盘点与题解
Part One 词类转换
一可数与不可数名词, 可数名词变复数,：
1 There are two______ ( university ) in the district.
2 There are many ___ ( dictionary) in the bookshop. 3 They have many_______( photo)
4 There are many tall ______ ( building ) in the city. 5 My ___ ( parent ) are workers. 6 They are _______ ( man teacher) 7 What are your favourite ________ ( country) in the world?
8 Nowadays , we never use ____ ( match ) more often than before.
9 Best _______(wish)to all of you here! 10 Work in ______ ( pair ) and you can speak well.
11 English ________ ( class ) usually begin at 6 o’clock.
12 The__________( monkey) in the zoo make all of us laugh.
13 Here _____ some information for the holiday. 14 Healthy food _______ ( be ) helpful for us.
15 He eats two boxes of chocolate this afternoon. (对划线提问）
______ ________ chocolate ______ he eat this afternoon.
**The thieves’ wives cut the wolves into two halves with leaves made into knives.
二人称代词和物主代词的使用
1 This is ____ silk shirt. ( he ) 2 They are ____ parents ( he ) 3 Lucy sits behind ____ ( he )
4 Kate is in front of _____ ( we ) . 5 Tom is next to _____ ( she )
6 Who teaches ____ English. A they B them C their D theirs
7 Can you help _____ with ______ English ( they)
8 The cat is looking at ___ face in the water.( its, it’s)
三 词性的转化
1 There are many ________ ( difference ) kinds of animals in the world.
2 Can you write an ___________ ( invite ) email in English?
3 Many Chinese students study in _______( Europe) universities now.
4 Everyone of us should give _______ ( visit ) a warm welcome.
5 The shop is _________ ( close ) at this time of the day.
四 动词的使用
1 Let’s ______ ( make ) a cake for Tony. 2 She likes _____ ( write ) in Chinese
2 I have a lot of work _______ ( do ) 3 ______ (dance ) is her favourite .
4 Can you finish _______ ( run ) around the playground in 10 minutes?
5 He practises ________ ( drive ) every Saturday.
6 Thanks for _______ ( invite ) me to your party.
7 The girls in Class Two are all good at _______ ( speak ) English.
8 He has two ________ ( swim ) lessons on Sunday .
9 Her mother always goes ________ ( shop ) at the weekend.
10 What about _____ ( keep ) this a secret?
11 Would you like ________ ( stop ) ________ ( have ) a drink and a rest? You look tired now.
12 Tony asks me ________ ( go) to a basketball match.
Part Two 易错语言点
一 冠词 a,an , the /
1 What ____ fine weather it is today! 2 I want ______ orange play football
3 The man is ____ Arabic. 4 Don’t you believe that he can play ____ violin very well ?
5 The actor in the film is ________ one-year-old baby.
二There be，have/has got以及它们的区别
1 There _____ ( be ) an apple and three oranges on the desk.
2 There are some students in the room （变一般疑问）。
3 There is two desks in the room. (对划线提问)
4 _____she got a computer? A Does B Do C Have D Has
5 He has got a new watch. He ______ got a new watch.
6 Lucy has got two email boxes on the Internet (对划线提问）
_______ ______ _______ ______ ____Lucy ______on the internet?
7 Jim ____ got any drink. A haven’t B hasn’t C doesn’t have D don’t have
8 There are more than one hundred teachers in our school.（同义句）
Our school ______ ______ more than one hundred teachers .
9 --- ____ ______ friends have you got ? --- I ______ _____ eight friends.
三 单数第三人称， 动词的单三形式
1 Sometimes she ______ ( send ) me flowers as birthday present.
2 Mohter always gets up and ____ ( cook ) breakfast for the whole family.
3 ________ Lily’s father often ____ ( drink ) wine?
4 Jim_______ ( practise ) dancing every day
5 The boy in red clothes always ______ ( listen ) to the teacher carefully.
6 Lingling never ______ ( watch ) football matches.
7 They usually ________ ( have ) English lessons in the morning.
8 Tony and LinTao _______ ( wear ) the same clothes.
9 Everyone in the class ______ ( be ) busy for the final exam.
10 What ______ ( be ) your present for your aunt?
四 be 与 do
1 The tiger _____ eat grass A isn’t B doesn’t C aren’t D don’t
2 They usually _____( not give ) money or fruit as presents.
3 She wants to be a singer in the future. (对划线提问)
______ _______ she want to ______ in the future.
4 We all practise reading Englilsh every morning.
_____ _______ _______ all practise ______ every morning.
5 The snake comes from South America. （同义句）The snake ______ _______ South America.
6 The meeting ends at 3 o’clock . （同义句） The meeting _____ ______ at 3 c’clock.
7 My brother and I _____ ( be ) students.
五 句型转换
1 This banana is green . _____ _____ is this banana.
2 The green banana is not good for us to eat. ______ ________ _______ not good for us to eat?
3 His bike is under the tree. ______ ______ his bike?
4 you can ride the bike under the tree. _________ ________ _____ you ride ?
5 What’s the weather like in Wuhan ? （同义句） ______ _____ ________ _______ in Wuhan?
六 介词的使用
1 One girl ___ ten is dressed _____ pink clothes. 2 This big box will serve us _______ a table.
3 Children wake up up very early _____ the morning of Christmas Day.
4 The teacher is coming back ______ an hour . go?
5 We walk ____ our feet. 6 There is nothing to do _____ tomorrow afternoon, is there?
7 Father buys a new computer _____ me and gives it ____ me as an award.
8 You must write a name ____ it if you want to save a document.
9 The government makes a plan _____ the use of land.
10 Connect point A ______ point B , we get a straight line.
11The invitation is _____ John. Would you like to go ?
12 Lily sits ______ ( next to , next ) David
13 There is a blackboard ______ the classroom . A in the front of B in front of
七 其他语言点
say, speak, tell, talk
1 Can you _____ “English” ? 2 We all agree to _____ English after class every day.
3 She’d like to have a ______ with me about her English study.
4 Look! The baby can _______ the time. He is so clever!
5 ______ them to stay here and not to move.
6 The new Japanese teacher teach us how to ______ these words in Japanese.
Can ,
1 She can ______ ( match ) the words with the pictures.
2 ________ they _______ ( can make ) a paper dog ?
3 We can play tennis and table tennis very well (否定句)
Check, visit , spell, save , connect, switch, choose,concert, habit, plan, price,
1 Please _______ the answers to the questions before you hand in the paper.
2 We must _______ our car when we drive it.
3 She always ______ _____ her teachers , and she is on a visit ____ one of her teachers.
4 _______ your money to help the poor.
5 Would you please ______ the word for us?
6 _________ off the radio before you go to bed.
7 The price of rice is _______ this week. A high B expensive
8 He plays the guitar and sings an English song at the _________.
需要重点背的单词：星期，数字，stadium, theatre ,
Box, wolf , kangaroo, bamboo, baby, library , tomato , secretary, story,
Usual---usually real---really own—owner write ---writer, heal ---health ---healthy ---unhealthy , favour ---favourite tradition ---traditional lie ---lying