第一节: 大纲要求及评分标准 第二节 写作题型分析及应试技巧
一 写作题型分析
考试时间为30分钟。要求考生写出一篇不少于120词的短文。试卷上可给出题目，或规定情境，或给出段首句要求续写，或要求看图作文或给出关键词，要求写出短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of On Students Selecting Lecturers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师
2. 学生选择教师所要考虑的主要因素
3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题
二．写作应试技巧
1. 审题。 大学英语四级作文大部分都是命题作文，且大多数都有中文提示或提纲，要利用1至2分钟审题，了解题目的基本要求，理解题目的真正意图。
2. 列提纲。应根据已给提纲或提示利用4至5分钟时间列出写作要点，理清要点间的逻辑关系，组织并整理写作素材，列出写作关键词，在头脑中形成一个整体的思路。
3. 写作。利用20分钟左右的时间根据构思的提纲，选用较好的素材，恰当地运用关联词，一气呵成完成写作内容。
4. 修改。考生在完成写作内容后尽量利用1至2分钟通读文章，修改写作内容，主要检查句子的时态、语态、主谓一致、单词拼写和标点符号等语法项目。
三．复习策略：各类写作题型自我训练方法小结：学习范文→总结模板（积累例句）→ 写作演练
四．作文类型及模板
(一)．议论文
1．现象解释型：
(1)．阐述现象
(2)．分析原因
(3)．解决办法或指出存在的问题
1). 范文学习
Sample 1)
Harmfulness of Fake Commodities
In recent years, fake commodities dealing is a common phenomenon in the market. These fake commodities have done great harm to the consumers and the society.
Since the policy of reform was implemented, China’s economy has improved. A lot of people getting richer, and their living conditions are getting better. But still some of them are not satisfied. They 1
dream of getting rich overnight and living a heavenly life, which, of course, is impossible to achieve by fair means. So they risk breaking the law to produce the fake commodities.
Once these fake commodities enter the market, they will do immeasurable harm to the society. The direct victims are the consumers. As the quality of the fake commodities is always very poor, the consumers may suffer great losses. Certain fake commodities, such as food and medicine, will cause irreparable harm to the health and well-being of the consumers. Fake commodities also cut into the profits of the brand-name-owners. Since the fake ones are cheaper, people tend to be reluctant to buy the genuine ones.
2). 写作模板：
A
Nowadays __________ is a common phenomenon in society. For example, ___________________. ________ do more (good) than (harm) to us. For one thing, ____________________________ . For another, ___________________ .
In summary, / In a word, it is more valuable ________________ .
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B
Recently ______________ has aroused public concern. It has both ___________ and ____________.
_____________ do more (good) than (harm) to us. On the one hand, _____________________________ . On the other hand, ___________________ .
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ____________________ .
2 .对比选择型
(1). 一些人对待某一事物的观点是……
(2). 另外一些人对待该事物的态度是……
(3). 我的看法…
1). 范文学习
Sample 1).
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?
One can always find visitors taking pictures and enjoying the scenery in university campus. During the May Day Holiday, National Day Holiday, summer and winter vacations, many University campuses become popular tourist sites.
Some people hold the idea that university campus should be open to tourists. In fact, there are many royal gardens and parks, all of them obviously better than the scenery in the Universities. Why do you think people prefer visiting here with their children? That is because it is a dream goal for many Chinese parents and young ambitious students. Besides this, as more tourists come to visit universities, these universities can widen their influence as well and they can also make some profit from the tourism.
While others think differently. First, tourists' visit will disturb the normal teaching. They always get into teaching buildings, libraries and so on. They will make noise and throw rubbish everywhere. Second, some tourists trample grass to take photos, and sculpture on trees to leave words. These will affect the environment of the campus badly.
As far as I’m concerned, the university campus should not be open to the tourists. Although most of tourists visit with hope and respect, I think university campus is a holy place for study, not for tourism. So it should not be open to tourists.
2). 写作模板：
A.
People's opinions about ________ vary from person to person. Some people are inclined to ______ for the following reasons. Firstly, _____________ . Secondly, __________________.
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Other people, however, take a different attitude that _____________________________. On the one hand,_____________________ . On the other hand, ________________________.
My own point of view is that ______________________ , because _____________________.
Also, ____________________________________. So ___________________________________.
B.
_______ has become a hot topic among people, and heated debates are right on their
way. Quite a few people think _______________ . It sounds good because ________________________ .
On the contrary, there is a universally acknowledged saying that ____________________.
To them, _______________________________________________ .
In my opinion, ______________________________. For one thing, ___________________.
For another, ______________________________ . Hence, ______________________________.
3．问题解决题型
(1). 阐述问题/提出问题
(2). 问题形成的原因/解决问题的办法
(3). 我的看法
1). 范文学习
Sample 1).
How to Solve the Traffic Problems?
Sometimes we find there are really many problems in traffic system. We often see that traffic is becoming heavier and heavier, and the road accidents are increasing rapidly. Every day, there are quite a few people getting involved in the road accidents and some of them even lose their lives.
But how to solve the traffic problems? Step by step, firstly, we may widen main roads. If the main streets are widened, traffic jams will be decreased and it will be convenient for drivers. Secondly, we may open up more bus lines. If we open up more bus lines in downtown areas, citizens will have several choices for their destinations if they take buses. Finally, we can also build subways. Maybe at first glance we will invest a lot of money, but in the long run, building subways will not waste money and materials as widening roads and increasing bus lines do.
To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should so something, such as building more overpasses, underpasses, gallop bridges to decrease the number of cars, trucks and bicycles in the main streets. At the same time, legislative measures should be introduced and pedestrians and drivers should be made to comply with traffic regulations. Those who break traffic regulations must be punished. Drunk driving should be strictly forbidden. I do believe everything will be better in the future.
2). 写作模板
A.
Sometimes we find there are really many problems / difficulties in ________.
Then how can we manage to overcome all these? Step by step, first, ______. Secondly, ___________. Thirdly, _______ . Last, _______________________________________________.
After a period of painstaking efforts, I feel that ________________________ .
B.
These days we often hear that ___________________________________________________ .
There are some possible reasons for that. In the first place, _______________________________. In the second place, _______________________________.
To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as __________ to improve he present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future.
4．观点论证题型
(1). 阐述观点
(2). 举例证明
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(3). 重述主题
1). 范文
Sample 1)
Practice Makes Perfect
The famous saying “Practice makes perfect” is widely accepted today. It means if we practice unfamiliar
things again and again, we’ll be able to perform it perfectly.
The practice of learning English is a good example. We are not living in an English speaking country. So, in
order to learn it well, we need extra practice, such as reading English books, going to English corners, or
communicating with foreigners. Only sitting at the desk cannot lead to the mastery of English.
As another example, if we want to be skilled in using the computer, we also need to practice using it. Some
children become little experts in computer, just because they play with it everyday. On the contrary, if we just
stick to books, we will still feel confused when using computers.
Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that practice makes perfect.
2). 写作模板：
A famous old saying goes that _____________________________ . It means that
_____________________________ .
I have had such experiences for many times. _____________________ is a good example.
_______________________. Another case in point is ___________________________________.
Whatever you do, please remember ___________________ . If you understand it and apply it to your study
or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
(二)．应用文
1. 信件类
1). 范文学习
Sample 1)
A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus
Dear Mr. President,
I’m very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but I’m afraid I’m not content with the canteen service on
campus.
Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of delicious dishes, but all the
year round, they are the same. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day. So I
think the most urgent problem is variety. Secondly, the price is a bit too high. Many of us hope that the canteen
can provide us with not only delicious but also cheaper food. Finally, the environment is so noisy that we can’t
enjoy our meals in good mood. I suggest that there be some soft music to help us relax.
These suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other students. We hope our respectable president will
pay attention to our suggestions. By the way, the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling. So I think
if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service.
Best wishes,
Yours respectfully,
Li Ming
2). 信的格式（personal letter）
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2. 演讲稿
1). 范文学习
Sample 1)
Welcome to Our Club
Boys and girls,
I feel greatly honored to have you here tonight. First of all, allow me, on behalf of “Star English Club” , to express our warm welcome. As valuable newcomers, you will, I believe, bring fresh blood to us.
Now let me introduce very briefly our English club, which is one of the oldest student organizations in our university. We organize various activities, such as weekend English corners, monthly English parties, book readings and speech contest. Many club members find our English parties most enjoyable, where they can chat with native speakers and enjoy English films.
Our club is not only a place for English learning but also a social occasion to meet new people. It offers opportunities for club members to meet regularly and exchange information. It also aims to promote an enthusiasm for English learning and help you to develop English skills. If you are having problems with English lessons, we are the solution. If you want to practice oral English, here is the right place to find partners. If you want to make friends with common interests, we have plenty of them.
A lot more interesting aspects and benefits are waiting for you to discover. Undoubtedly, you have made a wise decision by joining us!
Thank you!
3. 海报 / 通知
1). 范文学习
June 17, 2006
Volunteers Needed You guys must have been tremendously tortured by the endless exams, undoubtedly longing for a relaxing summer vacation. Have you ever considered spending a meaningful summer instead of idling it away as usual? Now you have a chance!
The Students’ Association is currently recruiting volunteers for an activity--Harmonious Community, aiming at broadening our vision and helping us explore the essence of harmony. This theme will be highlighted through a series of social work to be initiated in the neighborhood.
At the outset, we volunteers are going to visit the Special Education Center and specifically, with assigned tasks like teaching and so on. Afterwards, we are going to take care of the seniors at the Home for the Aged. Then we will take part in the publicity activities in the community.
Anyone who is enthusiastic and willing to dedicate your time to this activity is welcome.
If interested, please sign up at the Students’ Association. Or you may email us at recruit@coolmail.com. Looking forward to your participation!
Students’ Association
2). 海报格式及写作要求
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写作要求：将海报内容作为标题置于正上方，如Film News， Lecture等。正文部分要写清活动的具体内容、时间、地点、要求及主持或举办单位等。海报发出单位及日期放在下面。
通知格式及写作要求
写作要求：通知在上方居中处写上Notice或NOTICE一词作为标志。发出通知的单位名称或人名一般放在正文的右下角，也可放在正文上方。
(三)．叙议结合文
1. 记叙一件事情
2. 阐述这件事情的原因/意义
3. 我的观点
1). 范文学习
Sample 1)
An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident
My name is Li Ming. I am studying at college. A week ago I saw a traffic accident ,
which is still vivid in my mind.
It was at about 9:00 on Saturday morning, June 15th, when I went out of the university to visit a friend of mine at another university. I was walking leisurely on the sidewalk when I heard a loud crash of two vehicles just at the T-junction about 10 meters away. Two taxis crashed together. It was a traffic accident.
I went up and found that the two taxis were badly damaged. Both roofs were out of shape. One door of a car was knocked off and lying on the road. One driver was bleeding and another was shut in the taxi. Some people were trying to help the driver get out of the damaged car. One man was calling the traffic policeman station. A lot of cars were jammed on the road.
From the stopping tracks on the road, it is clear that the two taxis were driving too fast. But it is just one of the 7
reasons. In my opinion, the taxi drivers were eager to take more passengers and make a little more money. On the other hand, both drivers didn't show concern for one another. Both of them wanted to run in front of another. Therefore, the accident was inevitable. So we should let the drivers keep it in their mind that a little slower, a little safer. Taking care of other's lives means taking care of your own life.
sample 2)
(四). 图表类
1. 范文学习
Students Use of Computers
1 上图所示为19xx年、19xx年、20xx年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化。
2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说）。
3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。
Students Use of Computers
As the bar chart shows, the average number of hours a student in a certain university spent on the computer per week increased dramatically during the years of 1990 to 2000. As early as 1990, a student only spent one hour on average on the computer each week. Then five years later, the number increased four times. Finally in the year 2000, an average student was sitting in front of computer screen for as many as twenty hours every week.
Several factors may contribute to the sharp increase in the amount of time employed in computer use. First, the computer has a variety of applications in many walks of life. Second, with the development of society, computer skills have become a must for employment. Finally, the gradually lowered price of computers makes it possible for the computers to find its way to the ordinary family. All these result in the boom of computer use. However, the computer use may also cause some problems. The computer, in my opinion, may be addictive, thus possibly exerting a negative impact on the physical as well as mental health of the students. To conclude, we still need take effective measures to make progress in student use of computers.
2. 写作模板
A There are a growing number of ____ nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that ________ has soared to _______ from _________ .
Generally speaking, there are several reasons for this. First of all , _________ . Also, ________ . Moreover, _________________________ .
Along with ______ , there arise some problems. The most serious one is that ___________ ___________________. It is urgent to ___________ in a proper way.
B The graph shows the general trend in _________, it can be seen easily that There are many reasons explaining this situation. As for me, I consider the followings the important ones. 8
. Above all, we now know about the problem and we should try to find some ways to solve it, for example, __________________________________. 3. 演练题目
1. write out the message conveyed by the table 2. give your reasons for the phenomenon
3. predict the future trend and its influence on individuals and society
补充：1. 图表作文
Directions: study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the drawing,
2) interpret its implications, and
3) give your comments.
图中，一个中年男子端着一个盘子，盘子中有一个碗，一双筷子和一瓶补品。他的嘴里念念有词：“要活到22世纪还真得补一补！”他的脸像一杯白开水，舌头伸在嘴外，他的姿势更奇怪，双膝弯曲，身体前倾。
As is described in the picture, a middle aged man holds a plate with a bowl, a pair of chopsticks, and a jar of nourishment, murmuring “to live well up to the 22nd century, it is really helpful to build up good health with nourishments.” His face is as dull as dead water, his tongue is stuck out of his mouth and his posture is strange, knees bent, leaning forward.
This cartoon points out a serious problem which needs to be taken seriously: “What is a positive attitude towards nourishment?” Misconception prevails nowadays all over the world that nourishment can make the weak strong and the sick healthy. For those who believe in this kind of theory, such omnipotent nourishment is allcures. So they take this kind of magical nourishment excessively. However, this is far from the truth. Taking nourishment to ensure your health is nothing but an illusion. Moreover, a great amount of fake nourishment is flooded with in the markets, which will thus deteriorate your health after continual use.
From the analysis above we can easily draw a conclusion: a wish is a wish, no matter how sweet it is. A good wish, however, doesn’t mean a real life! In reality, life blooms with doing exercises and taking part in sports. Besides, proper diets are also a rewarded way to keep you fit and healthy. Give up the idea of “more nourishment and more health” and you will build a muscular body in the long run.
3. 图画作文模板
This illustration depicts ____（图画中人物）, with ____（补充说明）. Recently it has become common for people in many walks of life to ____ （进一步阐释）
It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about ____（图画主题）, which is ____ （进一步的说明）He seems to be saying that ____ （给出细节） In my opinion, ____ (个人阐释)
This simple picture is a wake-up call for ____ （所涉群体，the whole of the human race）Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to ____ (问题所在)。On the one hand, we must ____ （建议一）. It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to ____ (进一步说明). On the other hand, ____ (建议二)。 Only in this way can we ____（展望前景， spur economic development of the society.） 4 .提纲作文分类如下：（每一类记一套模板就ok）
第一类：▲Advantages and disadvantages of …事物利弊题型
At present, there is no doubt that 主题 plays an increasingly important role in 领域/运用范围 . We are all aware that, like everything else, 主题 have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, （优点1）… makes people’s everyday life more convenient. In addition, （优点2）… connects its users with the outsides world. Most important of all, with a … , （优点3）… 10
people’s life will be greatly enriched.
But it is pity that every medal has two sides. The disadvantages of主题can’t be ignored. To begin with, there will be a danger of （缺点1） spending too much time on it therefore ignoring what you should concentrate on. To make matters worse, （缺点2）主题may add to your daily expenses. Worst of all, （缺点3）主题may plunge you into an expected trouble.
As is known to all, 主题 is neither good nor bad itself. Its effects on people depends, to a large extent, on how 主题 is used. Now that the disadvantages have been put out, they will be paid attention to and eliminated to some degree.(182 words)
第二类▲ How to …题型----问题/现象解决型
(1). 阐述问题或现象/提出问题或现象
(2). 问题/现象形成的原因/解决问题/现象的办法
(3). 我的看法
Along with the great economic development/the development of people’s living standard in China and the high call for 主题 ，more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem /phenomonon caused by 主题 and how to solve this problem has become a big concern.
As a matter of fact, there are many ways which can contribute to the resolving of this serious problem /phenomonon, but in my view, the following ones may be effective. First of all, 主题(方法1)people should be educated to become aware of the terrible consequences of. Another way to solve the problem is to 主题(方法2) tighten the relevant regulations or laws to prevent…. Finally, to make people forget 主题, (方法3)a substitute for it should be found.
What have been mentioned above may not be the only several measures we can take. But there is effort, the problem /phenomonon is bound to be solved in the near future.(173 words)
2. Why…题型
With the development of society in modern times, more and more people realize that 主题 is of primary importance. Moreover, many successful examples (in advanced countries) have demonstrated the importance of the主题. Therefore, in a developing country such as China, 主题must enjoy top priority.
First of all, the construction of our country and the development of society call for more主题. Next, the improvement of people’s living standard requires主题. Finally, with 主题, more opportunities will be opened up for those who seek to develop their own careers.
Considering the above discussion, we can see主题 is good not only for the development of our country but for every individual. The authority should adopt a series of measures to protect and promote the development of主题.(120 words)
第三类 对比选择型
1. 一些人对待某一事物的观点是……另外一些人对待该事物的态度是……我的看法(原因)…总结
When confronted with the choice between _____ and_____, people vary a lot in their viewpoints. Some people prefer_____, and regard it as the most important part of life. But other people disagree wit their first choice. So far as I’m concerned, the first viewpoint seems more convincing, and therefore more appealing to me. That is, the _____is the right and most important choice.
It is not difficult for me to put forward some possible factors that underlie my choice above. To begin with, ______ . What’s more, ______ . One more point that can’t be ignored here is that ______.
Though, as anything often has two sides, it’s hard to deny the other choice, my choice is still clear and well founded in the above discussions. Therefore, I hold it beneficial and imperative to maintain that choice, and thus our life will be made better.
2. My view on …题型
Nowadays there is a widespread concern over主词 .However, when it comes to this hot topic, people’s view vary from person to person. Some people hold that 观点 .However, others list the opposite idea with regard to it. 11
They argue that 观点2 .
As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the former/latter idea. I make out my case as follows: In the first place, while it is true that观点1, it doesn’t mean/follow that观点1.1 . Admittedly, 观点2 ,but this is not say that观点2.2 . Based on the discussion above, the conclusion can be drawn is obvious: _______ (100 Words)
第四类 意义影响型
We are very glad and excited that our dream of 主题will come true/ have come true after a long waiting. People throughout the country have been celebrating the coming of主题in various ways and they are eager to participate or experience in … .
There is no doubt that主题will benefit China and Chinese people in many different aspects. First of all, 主题will expose China and Chinese to more domestic and foreign visitors, thus promoting the mutual understanding and friendship between people from different regions and cultures. More importantly, by interacting with people from different regions and cultures, people can learn from each other. Finally, 主题will undoubtedly promote the development of economy.
Now that主题is significant to our country and the people, everybody involved should make his effort to contribute something to主题, With everyone’s involvement and participation , 主题will be a great success and is bound to benefit the country and the people involved.
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