中考作家作品总结：

1．陶渊明：（352或365或372或376—427），字元亮，别号五柳先生，晚年更名潜， 东晋人。

2、王维：字摩诘，是盛唐诗坛上极负盛名的诗人，因官至尚书右丞，所以人称王右丞。

3、李白：（公元7xx年—公元7xx年），字太白，号青莲居士。李白是唐朝著名诗人，也是中国最著名的诗人之一，是我国文学史上继屈原之后又一伟大的浪漫主义诗人,有“诗仙”之称。李白和杜甫合称“李杜”。

4、杜甫：（712—770），字子美，自号少陵野老，盛唐大诗人，号称“诗圣”。唐肃宗时，官左拾遗。后入蜀，友人严武推荐他做剑南节度府参谋，加检校工部员外郎。故后世又称他杜拾遗、杜工部。

5、白居易： (772--846)，字乐天，号香山居士。晚年官至太子少傅，谥号“文”，世称白傅、白文公。在文学上积极倡导新乐府运动，主张文章合为时而著，诗歌合为事而作，写下了不少感叹时世、反映人民疾苦的诗篇，对后世颇有影响。是我国文学史上相当重要的诗人。

6、刘禹锡：字梦得，唐代中期诗人、哲学家。政治上主张革新，是王叔文派政治革新活动的中心人物之一。

7、柳宗元：唐代文学家、哲学家，“唐宋八大家”之一。字子厚。世称柳河东。因官终柳州刺史，又称柳柳州。与韩愈共同倡导唐代古文运动，并称韩柳。

8、范仲淹：字希文，是北宋著名的政治家和统帅，也是—位卓越的文学家和教育家。

9、欧阳修：北宋政治家、文学家。“唐宋八大家”之一。字永叔，号醉翁，晚号六一居士。

10.王安石：字介甫,晚号半山，小字獾郎，封荆国公，世人又称王荆公。北宋杰出的政治家、思想家、文学家。 “唐宋八大家”之一。

11、苏轼：字子瞻，又字和仲，号“东坡居士”，是宋代（北宋）著名的文学家、书画家。他与他的父亲苏洵、弟弟苏辙皆以文学名世，世称“三苏”；与汉末“三曹父子”（曹操、曹丕、曹植）齐名。且苏轼与唐代的韩愈、柳宗元和宋代的欧阳修、苏洵、苏辙、王安石、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。并与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄被称为最能代表宋代书法成就的书法家，合称为"宋四家"。

12．辛弃疾：（1140－1207），南宋词人。字幼安，号稼轩，著有《稼轩长短句》

13．马致远：元代著名的杂剧家。大都（今北京）人。马致远以字行于世，名不祥。晚号“东篱”，以示效陶渊明之志。他的年辈晚于关汉卿、白朴等人。

14、吴敬梓：（1701——1754），字敏轩，号粒民，清代安徽全椒人。晚年，自号文木老人，著《儒林外史》五十五回。

15、鲁迅：浙江绍兴人。中国现代伟大的文学家、思想家和革命家。鲁迅原名周樟寿，后改名周树人，字樟寿，号豫才；“鲁迅”是其投身五四五四运动后使用的一个笔名，因为影响日甚，所以人们习惯称之为鲁迅。

16、老舍：现代作家，原名舒庆春，字舍予，满族正红旗人,北京人,中国现代小说家、戏剧家、著名作家。

17、朱自清： (1898．11．22—1948．8．12)原名自华，号秋实，后改名自清，字佩弦。19xx年x月写的《睡罢，小小的人》是他的新诗处女作。他是五四爱国运动的参加者，受五四浪潮的影响走上文学道路。

18．郭沫若：原名郭开贞，作品有《新华颂》、《东风集》、《蔡文姬》、《武则天》、《李白与杜甫》等。

19、契诃夫： 俄国小说家、戏剧家。

20、《诗经》：是中国最早的诗歌总集。《诗经》原本叫《诗》，共有诗歌305首，因此又称“诗三百”。从汉朝起儒家将其奉为经典，因此称为《诗经》。《诗经》中的诗的作者绝大部分已经无法考证。

21、《左传》：相传是春秋末期的史官左丘明所著。是中国古代一部编年体的历史著作。《左传》全称《春秋左氏传》，原名《左氏春秋》，汉朝时又名《春秋左氏》、《左氏》。汉朝以后才多称《左传》。它与《公羊传》、《谷梁传》合称“春秋三传”。《左传》代表了先秦史学的最高成就，是研究先秦历史和春秋时期历史的重要文献，对后世的史学产生了很大影响，特别是对确立编年体史书的地位起了很大作用。

22、《论语》：《论语》首创语录之体。汉语文章的典范性也发源于此。《论语》一书比较忠实地记述了孔子的言行，也比较集中地反映了孔子的思想。今本《论语》共二十篇。儒家创始人孔子的政治思想核心是“仁”、“礼”、“义”。

23．《孟子》：儒家经典。《孟子》一书是"拟圣而作"，它既吸收《论语》中的精华，也接受了《大学》、《中庸》的一些特点。在《孟子》一书中，反映最突出的是仁义思想。仁是儒家学说的中心，孔子常讲仁很少讲义，孟子则仁义并重，他有句名言，即"舍生取义"。《孟子》一书以问对、答辩方式展开，以驳论为主要的论证方法。它翔实地记载了孟子的思想，言论和事迹，保存了丰富的

史料，是研究孟子思想和先秦文学、历史、经济和哲学的重要著作。全书35000字，说理精辟，文字流畅，语言形象，不仅是一部儒家的经典著作，也是一部优秀的古代散文集。

24、《战国策》：西汉末年刘向根据战国史书整理编辑的，共三十三篇，分东周、西周、秦、齐、楚、赵、魏、韩、燕、宋、卫、中山十二策。是一部国别体史书。

25．《水浒传》：四大名著之一。是一部以北宋末年宋江起义为题材的长篇白话小说。又题为《忠义水浒传》，通行本简称《水浒》。一般认为是明代施耐庵著。

26．《西游记》：《西游记》是一部中国古典神魔小说，为中国“四大名著”之一。关于西游记的作者，一般认为是明朝的吴承恩。

27．《朝花夕拾》：鲁迅20xx年所作回忆散文集，共十篇。前五篇写于北京，后五篇写于厦门。

第二篇：中考英语作文总结

一、 解决方法题型

考生要列举出解决问题的多种途径

１． 问题现状 ２． 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future isawaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).

二、说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）

１． 说明事物现状 ２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测)．)

三、议论文的框架

(1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.

People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.

（2）利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the

____讨论议题___.

议论文模板

1.正反观点式议论文模板：

导入：第1段：Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）

正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）

Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What's more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论：第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点） 。

2."A或者B"类议论文模板：

导入：第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)

结论：第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论)

3.观点论述类议论文模板：

导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对） The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）

正文：第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论：第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... （照应第1段，构成"总-分-总"结构）

4."How to"类议论文模板：

导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题

正文：第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论：第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

一、考查范围

1. 主谓一致 2. 时态搭配 3. 状语 4. 名词复数 5. 单词拼写

二、常考主题的典型句子

1、环保

1. It's our duty to protect our environment.

2. It is very important to take care of our environment

3. We should not throw litter onto the ground

4. We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees

5. We should plant more flowers and trees.

6. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin

7. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.

2、旅游

1. Last Sunday (Saturday), it was sunny (rainy, windy, foggy)

2. I got up very early (late). After breakfast I went to …with my friends by bike,

3. We enjoyed ourselves.

4. We forgot the time. We didn't come back until 5 o'clock.

5. We all felt very tired, but we were happy.

6. I thought I would never forget this trip.

7. Last summer, my parents and I went to Beijing for our holidays.

8. We visited a lot of places of interest.

9. We had a good time there.

10. We bought a lot of things. The clothes here are good and cheap.

3、比赛

1. Last Sunday, Class One had a football match with Class Two.

2. All of us went to watch it.

3. The match was very exciting.

4. In fact, I have never seen such an exciting match before.

5. The score was 5-3. Our team scored three goals in the last fifteen minutes.

6. Class One won this match. Class Two lost.

7. Class One played well. They deserved to win.

8. Their PE teacher was very pleased with their performance.

4、健康

1. It is very important to keep healthy.

2. How can we keep healthy?

3. We can't go to sleep too late. We can't get up too late.

4. We should eat the food healthily.

5. We should do more exercise.

6. Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head.

7. I didn't feel like eating anything.

8. I decided to see the doctor.

9. In the doctor's office, the doctor looks over me carefully.

10. He said: "Nothing serious." And he told me to take a rest and drink more water.

11. A nurse gave me an injection. It was a little painful.

12. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.

13. A few days later, I felt better. From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world.

5、学科

1. My favorite subject is English.

2. More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.

3. It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.

4. China has joined the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in China . English becomes more and more useful.

5. So English is very important and I like English very much.

6. We have a lot of fun in the English class.

7. Our English teacher often makes us happy in the English class.

8. I hope I can go abroad one day, and then I can speak to foreigners in English.

9. I like English and try my best to learn it.

6、节日

1. In China the most important holiday is the Spring Festival.

2. It comes in January or February.

3. On the Spring Festival Eve people have a big dinner. They have a lot of nice food to eat.

4. During the Spring Festival people have a lot of interesting things to do.

5. People visit their relatives and friends.

6. They greet each other with a hug and say, "Happy New Year".

7. As China is a big country, people in different places celebrate this holiday in different ways.

7、写人

1. His name is Jack.

2. He was born in London in 1982.

3. He is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos.

4. He is 20 years old.

5. He comes from England .

6. He is a good ping-pong player.

7. He is medium build.

8. He has short hair.

9. He is outgoing. Every one likes to talk with him. He gets on well with us.

10. He teaches English very well.

11. He works very hard. He works in No.5 Middle School.

12. He loves watching football games after work.

13. He often helps me with my English.

14. At the age of six, he began to play table tennis.

8、生活

1. Jim got up very early.

2. Jim cleaned the room and did the housework.

3. Jim went to shop and did some shopping.

4. Jim did some cooking.

5. Jim fed the cat.

6. Jim sweeps the floor.

7. He washes the dishes.

8. He has lunch at school.

9. It is a busy day. He is very tired. But he feels happy.