It用法小结
王婷婷
It的用法复杂多变，现对it的用法小结一下。
1. It 用作人称代词：It可用代词，作人称代词，指前面已经提到过的事物，动物或人，在句中作主语或宾语．
例如：1）. He bought a dictionary and gave it to me.(指代物品the dictionary)
2）. Don’t think any more about it.(指代事件）
3）. ---Who is that ?
--- It’s me. Open the door, please.(指代人）
2. It 用作非人称代词：It 也用作非人称代词，常常用作句子主语，表示天气，日期，时间，温度，距离等．
1）.It was raining when I left the office. ( 表示天气)
2）.It is February 14th today.( 表示日期)
3）.It is an hour’s walk from my home to the school. (表示距离)
IT在表示时间时要注意以下的一些句式：
① It be … since ...该句型主句中的 it 指时间,主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.
It was 5 years since I had enjoyed myself so much.
It is ( has been ) 5 years since I smoked.
②It be ... when ...该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”。
It was 5 o'clock when he came here.
③It be ... before ...该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……之后……”“过多久....才...”。
It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.
It will be not long before he finishes his job.
④It is time ( about time , high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时侯……”。
It is time that children should go to bed.
= It is time that children went to bed.
⑤It is the first ( second … ) time that …该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的
that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；it 有时用 this 替换，常译为“是第一（二）……次……”。 It is the first time I have been here.
= This is the first time I have been here.
3. It作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，为避免“头重脚轻”，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型：
1）. 替代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为
① It be adj. (for∕of sb.) to do sth. 常见的形容词有：
important, necessary, natural ,easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, impossible, pleasant,foolish,clever,brave,kind,wise 等。
② It takes sb. sometime to do sth.
2） 替代作主语的动名词的常见句型：
It’s no good/ no use / useless doing…
3). 替代作主语的从句常见句型
①It is + noun(a pity, a shame, no wonder) +从句
②.It is adj. +clause
③It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know,suggest,demand,request,order等）如果为表示命令，建议，要求的词，则从句要用虚拟语气，及shoule+v.（should可省）
④It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, happen, occur, turn out 等)
⑤It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…
4.It作形式宾语
当不定式、动名词、that 从句作宾语，又有自己的宾语补语时，要用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置。能够用于形式宾语句型的动词有think, make, find, consider, feel, take，suppose,keep等。如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
The fisherman made it a rule that he never cast his net more than four times a day.
We think it necessary reading aloud every morning to improve our English.
以下的动词在接宾语从句时需要先加it再接从句：hate,like,dislike,love,appreciate,enjoy,prefer等。
eg. I would appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
5.It 用在强调句型中
①It is + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，或状语。强调的对象是人时,可用who, whom, that,其余情况一律用 that;当强调对象在从句中做主语时用who, that,当强调对象在从句中作宾语时用whom ,that如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday.
It was in the street that I met her father.
②.强调对象是疑问词
Why is it that you want to leave so soon?
③. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
= I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
第二篇：IT用法小结
高三英语辅导材料4：IT用法小结
在初中阶段．我们就学过“it’’，它的用法是个难点．也是高考的热点之一。下面就结合高考题总结一下it的用法，以帮助高三考生复习这一块内容。
一、作代词
1、用作人称代词，可用来指人，说明某人的身份或者做某事的人或指代婴儿或儿童；另外，在不清楚某人性别或什么样的人时，也可使用it，往往用于对话中。
如：---Who is knocking at the door?
---It must be my uncle．
2、用作指示代词，替代this或that。
如：---What is this?
---It’s a bag．
3、用作非人称代词，指代上文提到事或物，也可指时间、天气、季节、气候、环境、价格、温度、速度、情况等，也可指代上文整个句子或部分句子的内容。
[考例一] I was disappointed with the film. I had expected_____ to be much better (METl993)
A. that B．this C．one D．it
答案：D。it在这里指代上文提到的the film.
[考例二] I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full．(NMET1998)
A．it B．that C．these D．them
答案：A。it在这里指人们带着满口食物讲话这件事。 一
[考例三]Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but ____didn’t help. (METl993)
A．he B．which C．she D．it
答案：D。
二、作引导词
（一)作形式主语。不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时。为了使整个句子保持平衡，往往借助it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放到句子后面。
如：It is fun to jump into the river to have a swim in summer.
It will be no good learning without practice.
It作形式主语的常用句型有：
1．It + be + adj./ n. (for sb. / of sb. ) + to do sth. 该句型中的形容词若是表示事物的特点或特征的，如：easy, difficult, hard, important, (im)possible, clear, necessary, useful, boring, relaxing, exciting等，此时用for引出不定式动作的发出者；若表示人的性格特征，如：kind, wrong, good, nice, silly, foolish, bad, wise, clever, careless, rude, brave, cruel, careful, grateful等，这时要用of 引导不定式动作的发出者。
[考例四] Is ____ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (MET1988)
A. now B. man C. that D. it
答案：D。it指代to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
[考例五] Is ____ necessary to tell his father everything? (MET1989)
A. it B. that C. what D. he
答案：A。it指代to tell his father everything.
[考例六] In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (上海2001)
A. this B. that C. there D. it
答案：D。it指for the police to keep order in an important football match这一不定式复合式。
2．It + be + fun/ a waste of time/ go good/ no use doing sth.
如：It is a waste of time waiting for the bus late at night.
3．It + be +过去分词+that从句。适用于该句型的过去分词主要有hoped，known，thought，said，reported，decided，announced，told，believed，expected，suggested等。
如：It is said that the boys have passed the exam．
4. It + be + 形容词 + that从句。可用于此句型的形容词还有good，lucky，certain，strange，likely，wonderful，useless，true, right, wrong (un)important, surprising，clear，unusual。
如：It is likely that their team will win the match．
5．It + be + 名词(词组) + that从句。适用该句型的名词(词组)还有a shame，a pity，a pleasure，a fact, an honor, a wonder, a good thing, a surprise, good news等。
如：Is it a pleasure that you work with Mr. Smith?
[考例七] ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language．(NMET 1995)
A．There B．This C．that D．It
答案：D。it指代整个that从句的内容。
6．It + seems/ appears/ happens + that从句。
如：It happened that Tom was out when his house caught fire．
7．It doesn’t matter (to sb．) + wh-／how引导的从句或Does it matter if／whether／wh-/ how引导的从句。
[考例八]Does ___ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?(NMET1991)
A. this B. that C. he D. it
答案：D。
8． It doesn’t make too much/ any difference + wh-/ how引导的从句，意为“……没有什么差别，无关紧要”。
如：It doesn’t make any difference whether he comes or not.
9．It is no wonder that 从句，意为“难怪……”.
[考例九] They are all classmates. ____ is no wonder _____ they should help each other with their studies. (上海1998)
A. This; whether B. It; if C. That; that D. It; that
10．It is not known/ not decided/ a question等 + wh-/ how引导的从句。
如：It is not decided when the meeting is held.
(二) 作形式宾语。这种情况通常用于能带以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面。
用it作形式宾语的句型主要为：S + v. + it + adj./ n./ + 不定式或从句。用于这一句型的动词主要有find, consider, feel, make, think等。
如：I feel it my duty to help the old and the weak.
[考例十] I don’t think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (MET1990)
A. this B. that C. its D. it
答案：D。
（三）用于强调句型中。为了强调句子的某一成分（主语、宾语、状语），常用强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调的成分 + that …, 意为“是……/就是……”。若被强调的是人，则后面用who或that, 其他情况，只能用that, 而不用when／where／why等。
如：It was last week that I met my friend Henry in the street．
It was in the street that I met my friend Henry last week．
It was my friend that／who I met in the street last week．
It was I that／who met my friend in the street last week．
[考例十一] It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began．(NMET 1995)
A．while B．which C．mat D．since
答案：C。当被强调的部分为not…until…时, 要把not until…放在一起作为被强调的部分。
[考例十二] It was about 600 years ago_____ the first o’clock with a face and an hour hand was made．(NMET1997)
A．that B．until C．before D．when
答案：A。
[考例十三] It was only when I reread this poem recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty．(NMET 1998)
A．until B．that C．then D．so
答案：B。
注意：强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/ Was it…that…?；特殊疑问句形式：Who／Whom／When／Where等 + is／was it that…?
[考例十四] Was____ that I saw last night at the concert? (上海1995)
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
答案：A。
[考例十五] Was it during the Second World War ____ he died? (MET1988)
A. that B. while C. in which D. then
答案：A。
三、其它与it有关的常用句型
1．It is／has been + 时间段 + since从句。意为“自从……以来有多长时间了”。从句常用过去时态。
如：It is ten years since I last saw Mr．King．
2．It(This) is/ was/ will be the + 序数词 + time that从句。意为“这是/ 这将是某人第某某次做某事了”。若主句谓语动词用is时，从句用现在完成时；主句的谓语动词用was时，从句用过去完成时。
[考例十六] ---Do you know our town at all?
---No，this is the first time____ here．(MET 1992)
A．was B．have been C．came D．am coming
答案：B。句型中it可以用this或that, time可以用成week, year, month等段时间名词。
3．It is (high，about) time that sb．did sth．意为“是该某人做某事的时候了”。
[考例十七] It’s high time they realized the problem．(NMET 1999．完形填空第43题。)
4．It + be + 段时间 + before…。意为“过了多长时间才……”
It not (not) long before…从句。意为“过了很久才……；不久以后……”
如：It was not long before his father was killed in a car accident．
It was ten years before Philip returned to his home village．
5．It takes sb．+ 段时间 + to do sth. 意为“做某事花费某人(多少)时间”
·如：It took Tina three hours to make a kite．
6．take it for granted that从句．意为“想当然地认为……”。
如：You shouldn’t take it for granted that you should get money from your parents．
【用法小练】
I、从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．____ is no difference between A and B．
A．It B．Where C．There D．What
2．Was is on October 1st ______ new China was founded?
A．which B．when C．as D．that
3．Let’s get through the work quickly because ____ seems to be easy．
A．that B．it C．there D．we
4．一Were a11 the five people in the car injured in the accident?
— No．___ only the two passengers who got hurt．
A．There were B．It was C．It were D．There was
5．____ will cost me a lot of money to visit Beijing.
A．It B．I C．We D．The
6．I don’t know _______
A．when did you get to know her? B．when was it that you know her?
C．when it was that you got to know her. D. It was when that you got to know her．
7. He feels ____ his duty to help others.
A．that B．what C．it D．this
8．I lost my pen yesterday，so I had to buy a new_______.
A．it B．one C．this D．that
9．I lost my pen and I haven’t found _____ yet .
A．this B．that C．one D. it
10．How far is ____ from Beijing to Shanghai?
A．this B．that C．it D．there
11．All the visitors believed ____ right ____ the temple was saved and repaired.
A．it, that B．that；that C．which, that D．it is；that
12．一Who are you? 一 _____me.
A．I am B．Here is C. It is D．That is
13．Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A．who is he B．who he is C．who is it D．who it is
14．Does ____ matter whether he can finish the job on time?
A．this B．that C．it D．he
15．一Beautiful day，isn’t it? 一 ________
A．Yes．it is． B．Yes，isn’t it? C．No．it isn’t． D．It’s fine
II、翻译下列句子：（It句型）
1. 你该睡觉了.
2. 我不久就知道了这件事.
3. 我们很快就来到了那个村庄.
4. 收到你的来信已有一月之久.
5. 这是我第一次到美国.
6. 并非每个孩子都有这样的机会.
7. 最要紧的是改进我们的教学方法.
8. 他发现学习英语很难.
9. 我用了一个多小时才做完家庭作业.
10. 该轮到你发言了.
11. 只是在解放后, 中国人民才开始新的生活.
12. 我们认为他这样做是应该的.
III、单词拼写：
1. When do you think the patient can be o____________ on?
2. The class was s_________ as the teacher explained the exam rules.
3. It was noisy. He had to r_________ his voice when speaking .
4. Peter was born on D________ 12, 1988.
5. She went to the party with a n________ around her neck.
6. Those who break the law must be p____________.
7. The ground is all wet because it has rained h_____ all morning.
8. He does morning exercise every day to keep himself h__________.
9. This story will be t__________ from English into Chinese.
10. This road is about 1,000 meters in l_________.
参考答案：
I：
1-5：CDBBA 6-10： CCBDC 11-15： ACDCB
II：
1. It is time that you went to bed.
2. It was not long before I know it.
3. It was not long before we arrived at the village.
4. It is more than one month since I received your letter.
5. It is the first time that I have come to the USA.
6. It is impossible for each child to have such a chance.
7. It is very important to improve our teaching methods.
8. He found it difficult to study English.
9. It took me more than one hour to finish my homework.
10. It is your turn to make a speech.
11. It was after liberation that the Chinese people began a new life.
12. We think it his duty for him to do so.
III：
1. operated 2. silent 3. raise 4. December 5. necklace 6. punished
7. heavily 8. healthy 9. translated 10. length