怎样写Literature Review

Write a Literature Review

1. Introduction

Not to be confused with a book review, a literature review surveys scholarly articles, books and other sources (e.g. dissertations, conference proceedings) relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, providing a description, summary, and critical evaluation of each work. The purpose is to offer an overview of significant literature published on a topic.

（查找文章、书籍和其他的一些资源，只要和所要讲的问题相关均可，主要目的是列举出跟所讨论话题相关的文献资料。）

2. Components

Similar to primary research, development of the literature review requires four stages:（文献综述分为四个部分）

· （提出问题：你将要讨论的话题是什么）

Problem formulation—which topic or field is being examined and what are its component issues?

· （查询资料：找寻所有与话题相关的材料）

Literature search—finding materials relevant to the subject being explored

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功能对等理论谈E.B.Whites散文汉译中的风格对等

The Style Equivalence in the Translation of Essays by E.B.White Based on the Theory

of Functional Equivalence

No one can deny the difficulties in the literary prose translation from English to Chinese. And essay, generally can be seen as literary prose, with its huge varieties in form, content, and style etc., is hard to single out the translation of it as a whole for evaluation. Discussions surround the translation of essay never die. Scholars, home and aboard, have done a great body of researches on it, some of them stand out for their original and comprehensive achievements. Now let’s have a check on some extraordinary theories in essay translation built by them.

First comes Hilaire Belloc, he points out that the essence of translating is the

resurrection of an alien thing in a native body, which has something of the opinion of “reaching the acme of perfection” by Mr. Qian Zhongshu in his work On the

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literature Review的写作

首先需要将“文献综述（Literature Review）”与“背景描述（Backup ground Description）”区分开来。我们在选择研究问题的时候，需要了解该问题产生的背景和来龙去脉，如“中国半导体产业的发展历程”、“国外政府发展半导体产业的政策和问题”等等，这些内容属于“背景描述”，关注的是现实层面的问题，严格讲不是“文献综述”，关注的是现实层面问题，严格讲不是“文献综述”。“文献综述”是对学术观点和理论方法的整理。

其次，文献综述是评论性的（Review就是“评论”的意思），因此要带着作者本人批判的眼光（critical thinking）来归纳和评论文献，而不仅仅是相关领域学术研究的“堆砌”。评论的主线，要按照问题展开，也就是说，别的学者是如何看待和解决你提出的问题的，他们的方法和理论是否有什么缺陷？要是别的学者已经很完美地解决了你提出的问题，那就没有重复研究的必要了。清楚了文献综述的意涵，现来说说怎么做文献综述。虽说，尽可能广泛地收集资料是负责任的研究态度，但如果缺乏标准，就极易将人引入文献的泥沼。

技巧一：瞄准主流。主流文献，如该领域的核心期刊、经典著作、专职部门的研究报告、重要化合物的观点和论述等，是做文献综述的“必修课”。而多数大众媒体上的相关报道或言论，虽然多少有点价值，但时间精力所限，可以从简。怎样摸清该领域的主流呢？建议从以下几条途径入手：一是图书馆的中外学术期刊，找到一两篇“经典”的文章后“顺藤摸瓜”，留意它们的参考文献。质量较高的学术文章，通常是不会忽略该领域的主流、经典文献的。二是利用学校图书馆的“期刊数据库检索”，能够查到一些较为早期的经典文献。三是国家图书馆，有些上世纪七八十年代甚至更早出版的社科图书，学校图书馆往往没有收藏，但是国图却是一本不少。

技巧二：随时整理，如对文献进行分类，记录文献信息和藏书地点。做论文的时间很长，有的文献看过了当时不一定有用，事后想起来却找不着了，所以有时记录是很有必要的。同时，对于特别重要的文献，不妨做一个读书笔记，摘录其中的重要观点和论述。这样一步一个脚印，到真正开始写论文时就积累了大量“干货”，可以随时享用。

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II. Literature Review

In the middle ages，the Grammar Translation Method was initially used to teach modern languages such as French，German and English in European countries. The Grammar Translation Method was one of foreign or second language teaching which made use of translation and grammar studies in the classroom. In other words，it was a way of studying a language through detailed analysis of its grammar rules，followed by the application of this knowledge to the task of translating sentences and texts in and out of the target language(Jack C Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers，2000.3-4).

A typical lesson consist of the presentation of grammatical rules，a study of lists of vocabulary, as well as translation exercises. It has the dominant position in China until the Communicative Approach has been introduced in China.

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Literature Review

With the popularity of the novel The romance of the Three Kingdoms, people are more familiar with the characters of the Three Kingdoms times, people like the figures more, they take many of the characters as heroes. One person, exceptionally, was considered as an arch-careerist, he was Tsao Tsao. However, they made a mistake, actually, he was a hero. It made they have a misunderstanding about the historical fact. Therefore, changing people’s erroneous understanding to historical figures has become a task. Through long time’s efforts in searching, collecting and reading an abundance of scholars and professors’ literature concerning why Tsao Tsao was successful in three kingdoms times, I made a detail analysis of the literature and create the following essay.

The Incorruptible Concepts of Cao Cao by LIN Hong, LAI Hong-wei demonstrates some points about Cao Cao’s Incorruptible Concepts such as people are important, and leader should love people are fundamental thoughts. Talents are most important which are guarantee of the concepts. Country should pay attention to the rule of law, and strict in law enforcement. Government should advocate thrifty, against luxury work hard and make great progress. It helps me a lot to know about the information about Cao Cao how to rule his country and achieve the society’s progress.

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A Sample of Literature Review On Advertising English

Among the so many scholars who examine advertising language, G. N. Leech deserves prime attention for his thorough research of advertising in the field of linguistics in his book English in Advertising(66).

Vestergaard and Schroder, however, probe into advertising language not only in the respect of linguistics, but also in that of psychology and ideology.

The Language of Advertising (85) written by them is a revealing study of the strategies of persuasion advertisers use and of the crucial underlying assumptions advertising makes.

Focusing on magazine and newspaper advertising, the authors illustrate the range of linguistic and visual techniques advertisers use to achieve emphasis and special effects.

Apart from that, Hafer and White make contribution to the research of advertising language by writing a book titled Adverting English which is conceived as a bridge between rules and suggestions for writing advertisement that have been run or aired.

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literature review 估计很多刚到外国读书的同学和我有一样的体会：第一次接触literature review，根本无从下笔。今日看到一篇帖子写的很好，故转给各位看看，希望有所帮助。

首先需要将“文献综述（Literature Review）”与“背景描述（Backupground Description）”区分开来。我们在选择研究问题的时候，需要了解该问题产生的背景和来龙去脉，如“中国半导体产业的发展历程”、“国外政府发展半导体产业的政策和问题”等等，这些内容属于“背景描述”，关注的是现实层面的问题，严格讲不是“文献综述”，关注的是现实层面问题，严格讲不是“文献综述”。“文献综述”是对学术观点和理论方法的整理。

其次，文献综述是评论性的（Review就是“评论”的意思），因此要带着作者本人批判的眼光（critical thinking）来归纳和评论文献，而不仅仅是相关领域学术研究的“堆砌”。评论的主线，要按照问题展开，也就是说，别的学者是如何看待和解决你提出的问题的，他们的方法和理论是否有什么缺陷？要是别的学者已经很完美地解决了你提出的问题，那就没有重复研究的必要了。清楚了文献综述的意涵，现来说说怎么做文献综述。虽说，尽可能广泛地收集资料是负责任的研究态度，但如果缺乏标准，就极易将人引入文献的泥沼。

技巧一：瞄准主流。主流文献，如该领域的核心期刊、经典著作、专职部门的研究报告、重要化合物的观点和论述等，是做文献综述的“必修课”。而多数大众媒体上的相关报道或言论，虽然多少有点价值，但时间精力所限，可以从简。怎样摸清该领域的主流呢？建议从以下几条途径入手：一是图书馆的中外学术期刊，找到一两篇“经典”的文章后“顺藤摸瓜”，留意它们的参考文献。质量较高的学术文章，通常是不会忽略该领域的主流、经典文献的。二是利用学校图书馆的“期刊数据库检索”，能够查到一些较为早期的经典文献。三是国家图书馆，有些上世纪七八十年代甚至更早出版的社科图书，学校图书馆往往没有收藏，但是国图却是一本不少。

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