高一上知识归纳（U15）
a. recognize
作“认出”解，强调从外表上辨认出，指一时性的动作。(瞬间动词) 不同 know
= to know and remember sb. or sth. one has seen before
know是状态性动词，表示知道有这个人并认识他，在一定程度上还对他有所了解，
指长久性的一种情况。如：
1． I know him, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him.
我认识他，但当我昨晚看到他时，我几乎认不出他了。
2. I recognized her voice over the phone. 我在电话里听出她的声音来了。
3. He had changed so much that one could hardly recognize him.
他改变得太多了，几乎使人不认识他。
[注]不能说 I recognized him ten years ago. I knew him ten years ago.或I knew him ten years ago.
应该说:I got to know him ten years ago.
表示“我是十年前(开始)认识他的。”，注意中英文表达上的差异。
recognize 承认, 认可 = to accept as being lawful, real, or having value
4. They recognized the new government. 他们承认了那个新政府。
5. That's recognized method of teaching English. 那是一种得到认可的英语教学法.
6. He refused to recognize her as his lawful heir. 他拒绝承认她作为他的合法继承人。
意识到, 自认 = be ready/ prepared to admit, + that 从句
7. After the accident, he recognized that he was not fit for the work.
事故发生后．他认识到不能胜任这项工作．
8. I clearly recognized from that matter he was far more clever than I was.
从那件事情上我清楚地认识到他要比我聪明得多．
b. hope 与 wish
hope (vt.) + that 从句, 可以达到的希望
+ 不定式 但不能接 “宾语十不定式”．
1. We hope to see you again. = We hope we can see you. 我希望能再次见到你．
2. I hope you can help me with my maths.
希望你能帮助我学数学．(不能说I hope you to help me with my maths. )
wish 想要, 希望 = would like, want
+ that 从句, 强烈而难以实现的愿望
+ 不定式/ 宾语 + 不定式
wish后面接不定式或·宾语+不定式”都可以，其意义相当广“想要’．“希望”(＝would like或want)．wish接that从句时一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的·愿望”，而hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的·希望’．例如：
3. I wish to place an order right now. 我想马上订购．
4. I wish him to make progress. 我希望他取得进步．
5. I wish I could fly like a bird. (用 can *)
但愿我能象乌一样飞．(从句中的could裹示其动作不可能实现．不能用can．)
6. I hope he can do that. 我希望他会干哪件事．
(本句表示有可能实现的一种希望，can不能用could代替．)
wish可表示良好的“祝愿”，后面接“宾语+宾补(形容词或名词)．而hope不能这样用．
7. I wish you happy. 祝你幸福．(不用hope)
8. I wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快．(不用hope)
在简略句中，如要表示希望某事不会发生时，应说I hope not，而不说I don’t hope so．
hope用作动词时．后面可接不定式或that从句．
c. accept 与 receive
accept和receive均表示收取所给予、提供或送到的东西，但
receive仅指客观上“收到”，“接到” accept是主观上“接受”，“领受”。试比较：
1. I received a present from Jack, but as I wouldn't accept it, I returned it to the sender.
我收到了杰克送来的一份礼物，但由于我不愿接受，所以我退给了送来的那个人。
2. She did receive your invitation but she refused to accept it.
她确实收到了你的邀请，但她不愿接受。
3. Dr Barker replied to the invitation, accepting it.
Baker先生对这一邀请回了封信，表示接受邀请。
accept还可用来表示主观上“吸收”某人，“承认”或“赞同”某一看法或理论。如：
4. I can't accept (=take) you as my secretary.
我不能聘任你为我的秘书(不能用receive)
5. I can't accept(=recognize) my defeat. 我不能承认我失败了．(不能用receive)
6. He had to accept our explanation. 他只好接受了我们的解释．
7. His new theory was widely accepted/received (= recognized).
他的新理论被广泛地承认和肯定．
8. The young man was accepted/received (=admitted) into the organization.
这位男青年被吸收加入这个组织．
[注]如果不强调主观．而把某事作为一种客观情况来叙述．则receive 也可用来表示“吸收”或“承认”．
receive 自然获得 (= get), 接待 (= welcome), 遭受 (= suffer) 瞬间动词,
accept不能这样用．
It's five days since I received your letter. = I received your letter five days ago
（不能用： I have received your letter for five days. )
9. He received (=got) a good education. 他受到过良好的教育．
10.She received (=got) a doctor's degree at the age of twenty-eight.
她在二十八岁时获得博士学位．
11.You will receive (=get) a warm welcome when you get here. 你到时会受到热烈欢迎．
12.He received (= welcomed) his guests with a smile. 他向来宾微笑表示欢迎．
13.She went to the door to receive (=welcome) her visitors. 她走到门前迎接客人。
14.The soldier received (=suffered) a bad wound in the head. 那士兵头部受伤严重．
d. invite sb. to a place 表示“邀请某人去某处”，to是介词，后面可接表示活动或聚会地点的名词．
invite，b．to do sth 表示·邀请某人做某事”．to为不定式符号．
1． We shall invite one of our friends to dinner tonight.
今晚我们将邀请一位朋友吃饭．
2. I was invited to give a talk at the meeting. 昨天我应邀在会上发言．
e. cost, take, pay, spend
cost v. 花费金钱,时间,劳力, 事物作主语
n. (u. c.)作名词时表示‘成本’、‘价钱”、“费用’，用作可数或不可数名词．
living costs生活费用
the cost of a book一本书的成本
What's the cost of the car? 那辆汽车得花多少钱？
take 花费时间, 事物作主语
1．The composition cost (took) me three hours. 我用了三小时才写成这篇作文．
2. How much did the radio cost you? 这台无线电花了你多少钱?(不用take)．
3. The work cost them much labour. 这件工作花费了他们很大的劳动．(不用take)
4. It took them over two years to build the bridge. (少用 cost)
修建这座桥花了他们二年多时间．
spend 一般用来表示花费钱或时间，主语是表示有生命的名词或代词（一般为人）。
常用”spend…onsth.”或”spend…(in)doing sth.结构。
5. I spent 50 dollars on the camera. 买这只照相机，我花了50美元．
6. He often spent his spare time (in) helping the poor.
他经常利用他的业余时间帮助穷人．
如要说“这件上衣我花了20美元·．可用下面几种表达方法．
7. I spent 20 dollars on the coat. = The coat cost me 20 dollars.
= I paid 20 dollars for the coat. = I bought the coat for 20 dollars.
= I bought the coat at the price of 20 dollars.
pay vt. 付...报酬, 付款
8. Have you paid the doctor yet? 医生的酬金付了吗?
9. You have to pay me first before I do it. 你得在我于以前先付钱。
10.When will you pay back the money? 你什么时候还这笔钱?