英语翻译理论论文

时间:2024.3.2

浅谈商务英语翻译适用理论

许多学者(Dudley,1998;王晓辉,20xx;李明,20xx)将商务英语的使用和翻译作为一种社会现象加以研究。在总结了商务英语语言特点基础上,介绍了现今翻译领域比较有影响力的三种理论:目的论、顺应论和功能对等理论,并通过实例翻译说明其在商务英语翻译中的适用作用。

1商务英语的语言特点和语篇特点

商务英语完全具有普通英语的语言学特征。与此同时,商务英语又是商务知识、管理技能和英语语言的结合,因而其本身又具独特性。商务英语的语言特点包括:

a.具备较强的客观性;

b.使用平实、准确的表达方式;

c.具备独特的行业特点。

除了具备以上语言特点外,商务英语还具备以下语篇特点:

a.较强的语域特征和目的性(Ellis,20xx);

b.较强的程式化色彩;

c.独特的语篇文体特点。

2目的性原则与商务英语翻译

由德国的莱斯(K.Reiss)、费米尔(H.JVermeer)、诺德(Christiane Nord)等学者提出的译文功能理论为翻译理论的研究提供了一个新的视角。他们认为,翻译是一项有目的的(in-tentional)交际活动,翻译的目的大致可分为三种:译者的目的(如赚钱)、译文在译语文化中的交际目的(如传递信息)以及某种翻译方法或策略所要达到的目的(如直译以显示源语的语言结构特点)。 根据目的性原则,翻译的过程应以译文在译语文化中实现其预期功能为标准。比如在市场营销这一商务活动中,达到商家的促销目的是广告翻译的首要原则。这一原则决定了译者在广告翻译中应考虑以下三个因素:译文语体、读者反应和译语文化。

首先,广告翻译要遵循译入语的广告语体风格。根据目的论,商务广告翻译要符合译语广告文体的语言风格,即简约洗练、有吸引力,尽量做到语出不凡。

其次,广告翻译应该以读者为中心,注重读者反应。我们可以通过使用地道的语言,特别是套用译语文化中家喻户晓的名言、名句对译文读者进行情感传递。这能帮助译文取得意想不到的效果,实现其预期功能。例如,某国产香烟进入英国市场时,推出了这样的广告语:tosmoke or not to smoke,this is a question.这则广告戏谑地套用了莎翁名言to be or not tobe,this is a question,不仅大大增加了广告的新奇性,还通过这种原汁原味的语言营造了一种亲切的氛围,使读者看过之后,不禁会心一笑,产生了消费欲望。

最后,广告翻译还应尊重译语文化,确保许多学者(Dudley,1998;王晓辉,20xx;李明,20xx)将商务英语的使用和翻译作为一种社会现象加以研究。在总结了商务英语语言特点基础上,介绍了现今翻译领域比较有影响力的三种理论:目的论、顺应论和功能对等理论,并通过实例翻译说明其在商务英语翻译中的适用作用。

3.功能对等理论与商务英语翻译

奈达的翻译理论“以目的语和目的文化为依归,以译文和译文读者为中心”(郭建中,20xx),其核心即为“等效”理论。作为语言共性论者,奈达主张翻译是“可译”的且提出了“动态对等”和“功能对等”。

奈达将“功能对等”定义为“最为切近的自然的对等”(the closest natural equiva-lent)(Nida,1969;20xx)充分反映了对于翻译中不存在像数学中那样的“完全对等”(com-pletely equivalent)的认识,而只能是基于各种不同程度的“切近”的“功能对等”。这个“功能对等”应当涵盖(所指和联想)意义、语境、文化、文体、信息、认知和经验等诸多内容。“功能对等”既体现了翻译(尤其是文学性翻译)的“可译性”,也体现了“可译”程度的相对性或“动态性”,合理地解决了翻译中的文化因素、作者与原文读者及译者与译文读者的关系等。 以商业词汇翻译为例,译者往往很难实现汉英之间词语意义的“对等”。例如“龙头产品”如直译为“dragon head product”,则难免引起歧义,或产生负面效果,因为龙在西方代表邪恶。如果译为“flagship product”,则既符合西方的文化,又起到了传意的效果。因此,将词语的这两种基本意义“移植”到目的语中有时会造成某种程度的“意义损失”,而翻译者的任务是将这种“损失”降低到最小的程度,在原语和目的语之间实现“最贴切的自然对等”。

结束语

综上所述,商务英语的语境和交际功能决定了商务英语的词法和句法特点。通过本文的介绍与分析,我们不难看出目的论、顺应论和功能对等理论对于商务英语翻译都具有很强的指导作用,在现实商务翻译过程中,我们还应进一步理解特定商务领域的语言特点,选择适当的翻译理论作为指导,以达到传递准确信息的目的。

参考文献

[1]Dudley-Evans.T.&St.John.M.J.1998.Devel-opments in ESP:A Multi-disciplinary Ap-proach[M].Cambridge:CUP.

Ellis,M&Johnson,C.20xx.TeachingBusiness English[M]Shang-hai:Shanghai Foreign LanguageEducation Press.

Eugene A.Nida&Charles R.Taber,1969.The Theory and Practice of Translation[M].Brill Academic Publishers.

Eugene A.Nida.20xx.Contexts in Trans-lating[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Pub-lishing Co. Verschueren,Jef.1999.UnderstandingPragmatics[M].Edward Arnold(Publishers)Limited. 王晓辉,祝远德.商务英语的特点与翻译[J].广西大学学报,20xx(12).


第二篇:英语翻译和作文


Wang Li’s father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University. 57. Please give this book to whoever comes first. 58. Though it was late, they kept on working. 59. Bill hit his car into a wall last night. 60. Would you please help me with this heavy box? 56. 王丽的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。 57. 请把这本书给最先来的人。 58. 尽管已经很晚了,他们还在继续工作。 59. 昨晚比尔开车时车撞到了墙上。 32

60. 你能帮我拾一下这个很沉的箱子吗? 56. Apples here like water and sunshine. 57. Tom was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class. 58. Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years. 59. You needn’t go there anymore. He already knows about it. 60. As is known to all, China is a developing country. 56. 这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。 57. 汤姆是一个学习十分用功的学生,以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。 58. 泰德和威廉已经在同一个屋檐下生活了五年了。 59. 你不必去了,他已经知道那件事了。 60. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。 56. A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used. 57. In Foreign Languages Department, a checking machine is used to correct the students’ test papers. 58. The students are encouraged by their teacher to do more listening, reading and writing. 59. The plan has been over fulfilled by now. 60. The most common samples of inorganic materials are the gases of the atmosphere, water, rocks, etc. 56. 那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。 57. 外语系用阅卷机给学生批卷。 58. 老师鼓励学生多听,多读,多写。 59. 目前,已经超额完成计划。 60. 大气中的气体、水、岩石等都是无机物中最普通的实例。 56. There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction. 57. This place has plentiful material resources. 58. Various substances differ widely in their magnetic characteristics. 59. Transistors are small in size and light in weight. 60. John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant. 56. 由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。 57. 这个地方有丰富的物质资源。 58. 各种材料的磁性有很大的不同。 59. 晶体管的体积小,

重量轻。 60. 尽管约翰和他哥哥在年纪上相差不大,但他们的个性却不相同。 56. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience. 57. Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up. 58. In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger. 59. If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to dedicate yourself wholeheartedly to the cause.

60. Karsh was praised as a master portraitist, often working in black and white, influenced by great patient painters of the past. 56. 我们的激情越多,我们有可能体验到的快乐就越多。 57. 历史每重演一次,代价就增加(一分) 。 58. 在这个物质财富充裕的时代,我们感到精神上的饥渴。 59. 如果你决定学一门新的语言,你必须全身心地投入。 60. 卡什被人们誉为人像大师,由于受到历史上一些著名画家的影响,他在拍摄中经常运用黑白摄影。

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56. In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one. 57. I was having a nap when suddenly the telephone rang. 58. All that glitters is not gold. 59. He told me that he had lived in America for ten years before he came to China. 60. All things are difficult before they are easy. 56. 像这种植物在世界上的其他任何一个国家中都找不到。 57. 我在睡觉时,电话铃突然响了。 58. 闪光的东西,未必都是金子。 59. 他告诉我:在来中国前他在美国已生活十年了。 60. 凡事总是由难到易。 第六部分:写作( 第六部分:写作(满分 15 分) 要求在 30 分钟内,根据下面所给的题目和中文提纲用英语写出一篇不少于 80 词的短文。 分钟内, 词的短文。 Sports 1.你喜欢什么运动。 2.你如何喜欢上这种运动。

3.运动对你有什么益处(工作、学习和生活) 。 Sports Just as lots of teenagers take to pop music, I love basketball. It’s part of my life. I began to play basketball in my childhood. I still remember the good old days when I played with my classmates after school. Later on, as I grew up, almost everything changed, but this sport-playing basketball remained and my love

of it grew even stronger. I love this sport because it brings joys and health to my life. When I got tired from office work, I went to the sports ground and felt refreshed. If there were worries and cares from daily life. I went to the sports ground. There everything went away except basketball. It is basketball that keeps me in good shape and mood. Water and Life 1.随着工业化(industrialization)的推进,地球上的淡水(fresh water)越来越少。

2.生命没水就要消亡(disappear) ,因此人类要珍惜(treasure)淡水。

3.我们如何节约用水。 Water and Life While we are enjoying the rich fruits of modern industrialization, we are losing something precious on this planet. Fresh water, among others, is dwindling down day by day, owing to the large-scale industrialization everywhere in the world. Just as sunshine is a necessity to life, so is fresh water. Without fresh water, our human society would come to a stop. As fresh water is such an important resource to the human society, we need to treasure it as we treasure our life, but how? First, our government should have a good plan for the use of fresh water and develop industries that consume less water. Second, waste water must be recycled. Finally everyone of us should do his bit to save water. st A Get-together on May 1 1.了解对方近日的情况。 2.你的近况并通知他(她) ;五一长假有一个同学聚会。 3.邀请对方参加。 st GetA Get-together on May 1 April 15, 20xx

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Dear Wang Hong: How is everything getting along with you? It is almost one year since we graduated from university. I miss you very much. What have you been doing all these days? I have been a middle school teacher in my hometown since graduation. Teaching always keeps me busy, but I like my students and I love teaching, you know. So everything is fine here. There will be a former classmates’ getting together during this May Day holiday at my school. You are my best friend. I never forget those happy days we spent together. I hope you can come to my school when the time is due and you are free. I am looking forward to your reply. Yours truly, Li Hua Help Me to Buy A Spoken English Book 1. 介绍你的近况。 2. 请他帮你买英语口语书。 3. 欢迎他方便时来访。 Oct. 16 20xx Dear Li Hua, It’s long time we haven’t seen each other. I miss you very much. How’s everything going on with you? I am busy preparing for PETS 4. I would appreciate if you could help me buy PETS English oral textbook which was issued by the Beijing Press, because the books were sold out here. Drop in when you are free. I

often think of those happy days we spent together when we were at University. Please let me know as soon as possible once you get the book. My best wishes. Yours truly, Wang Lei Manners Bad Manners in Public

1.列举人们在公共场所的不良现象。 2.对其中某一种现象陈述你的看法,并简单说明理由。 Although we consider ourselves as highly advanced being living in a civilized society, bad manners can still be found here and there. For example, some cyclists run the red traffic lights, many passengers litter waste papers and plastic bags in public places, and some tourists scrabble in tourists attractions, let alone spit on the street. In the cinema, some audience talk loudly on cell phones in front of others. I’m strongly against talking loudly in the cinema, for this behavior shows no respect at all to others; what’s worse, it upsets the audience who are in the mood of having fun. My Opinion on Cell Phones 1. 使用手机的好处。 2. 使用手机的弊端。 3. 我的看法。 Cell phones do play an important role in people’s daily life, but every coin has its two sides. To start with, as a wireless mobile phone, it’s convenient for the user at any time to contact others. Secondly, it’s helpful companion. With a multifunctional cell phone in hand, one can

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easily surf the net, downloading what he needs. However, the cell phone has many disadvantages. For one thing, the machine itself is very expensive and its local service is very costly, not to mention its global service. For another, the radiation from the mobile phones might do harm to the user’s heath. In my opinion, with its expenses being reduced sharply after China’s entry into the WTO, its development will have a brighter future. Therefore its advantages will far outweigh its disadvantages.

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