英语论文总结怎么写【1】
英语论文写作论文结论部分(Conclusion)写作特点总结Conclusion Conclusion 是作者对所研究课题进行的总体性讨论，具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映 本研究课题的价值，同时对以后的研究具有指导意义。
Conclusion 与 Introduction 遥相呼应，因为 Introduction 部分介绍了本课题的研究目的， 那么 Conclusion 要告诉读者这些目的是否达到，在研究中做了哪些工作，取得了什么结果， 这些结果说明了什么问题，有何价值和意义，研究过程中存在或发现了哪些问题，原因是什 么，建议如何解决等。
Conclusion 的具体内容通常包含以下几个部分
(1) 概括说明本课题的研究内容、结果及其意义与价值。
(2) 比较具体地说明本研究证明了什么假设或理论，得出了什么结论，研究结果有何实 用价值，有何创造性成果或见解，解决了什么实际问题，有何应用前景等。
(3) 与他人的相关研究进行比较。
(4) 本课题的局限性、不足之处，还有哪些尚待解决的问题。
(5)展望前景，或指出进一步研究的方向。
Conclusion 通常使用现在时态Result 和 Conclusion 本次选取 5 篇文章， 第一篇，论文中的主要 Result 已在第 2 部分和第三部分中叙述，在 Conclusion 又重新总 结了一下。
第二篇，论文中的主要 Result 写在 Conclusion 中。
第三篇，论文中的主要 Result 写在第 3 部分(3.CASE STUDIES AND RESULTS)中， Result 和 Conclusion 是分开的。
第四篇，论文中的主要 Result 已第 4 部分的(IV.
Results and Discussion)中进行叙述， Result 和 Conclusion 是分开的。
第五篇， 论文中的主要 Result 已第 4 部分的 Results and discussion) (4.
中进行叙述，Result 和 Conclusion 是分开的。第1篇 题目：An overview of NACA 6-digit airfoil series characteristics with reference to airfoils for large wind turbine bladesIV.
ConclusionsThe two-dimensional aerodynamics characteristics of the NACA 63 and 64 six-digit series of airfoils measured in the NASA LTPT have been investigated, with a view to verify RFOIL calculations at high Reynolds numbers.
The following conclusions can be drawn
- The zero-lift angle of the NACA 64-618 airfoil needs to be adjusted with -0.4 degrees.
- The zero-lift angle of The NACA 63-615 needs to be corrected with -0.87 degrees in the smooth case and with +1 degree in case of wrap around roughness.
-The maximum lift coefficients predicted with RFOIL match the LTPT data well at Re=3x106, but under predict the Cl,max at Re=6x106 by 3.5 % , up to 6.5% at Re=9x106.
-It is uncertain if the established differences in lift between experiment and calculations are caused by a constant bias in the measurements or by the fact that the RFOIL code fails to predict the right level of maximum lift.
-RFOIL consistently under predicts the drag coefficient.
The difference is about 9% for a wide range of airfoils and Reynolds numbers -NACA standard roughness causes a reduction in the lift coefficient of 18% to 20% for most airfoils from the NACA 64 series -The zero-lift angle of airfoil NACA 64-418 with wrap-around roughness needs a correction of +0.54 degrees.
-Wind tunnel experiments and side-by-side tests in the field with one clean rotor need to be done to be able to better predict the effects of roughness.
写作特点
内容：第 1 句，概括了文章的的主要研究内容。第 2 句至第 8 句逐条的列出了文章的得出结 论。
使用了被动语态，The two-dimensional aerodynamics characteristics of the NACA 63 and 64 six-digit series of airfoils measured in the NASA LTPT have been investigated have been investigated.
主要时态为一般现在时态第2篇题目
HIGH-LIFT ENHANCEMENT USING ACTIVE FLOW CONTROLV.
CONCLUSIONS The high-lift performance of an airfoil with a single-element flap is enhanced significantly using an active flow control system consisting of spanwise fluidic actuators that are integrated near the separation point.
Spanwise arrays of spanwise-oscillating or non-oscillating jets issue tangentially to the local surface from a miniature downstreamfacing surface step.
Jet actuation leads to flow attachment of varying streamwise extent that depends on the jet momentum coefficient and the formation of a low pressure domain near the juncture between the main body and the flap.
As a result, lift is increased substantially, by as much as ? CL = 1.40, 1.22 and 1.04 at Rec = 6.7?105, 8.3?105 and 1.0?106, respectively, for α = 4?.
In the present experiments, three spanwise rows of fluidic jets are placed in the vicinity of the juncture and operated in various combinations leading to significant increases in lift.
The upstream (x/c = 0.59) and middle (x/c = 0.61) actuators, which are closest to separation (x/c = 0.62) are most effective, while the downstream actuator (x/c = 0.64) only produces a significant lift increment when operated in conjunction with one of the other actuators.
The degree of flow attachment increases with jet momentum coefficient and simultaneous operation of multiple actuators can increase the lift increment further even when the flow is attached.
Actuation results in a strong suction peak near the juncture (Cp ~ ?7.5) and also leads to increases in suction on the main body of the airfoil and near the leading edge.
The lift increment is measured over a range of angles of attack (0? < α < 12?) and is accompanied by an increase in lift-induced pressure drag and an increase in nose-down pitching moment.
It is shown that the high-lift performance can be improved significantly by design modifications of the surface interface between the jet actuators and the surrounding flow.
In particular, modifying the jet orifices from a “stepped” to a “recessed” configuration enhances the interaction of the jets with the cross flow, resulting in increased lift for a given momentum coefficient, particularly at lower levels of C? .
The recessed design also reduces the loss in lift caused by the presence of the orifices and the attached flow exhibits significantly stronger suction peaks near the flap juncture and the leading edge.
At C? = 0.36% the upstream actuator yields ? CL = 0.
and 0.79 for the stepped and recessed 57 configurations, respectively, and operating the combination of upstream and middle actuators at C? = 0.36% each yields ? CL = 0.78 and 0.92, respectively.
The effect of the actuator jets on the attached flow is characterized using PIV measurements of the flow field over the flap and additional high-magnification measurements in the vicinity of the actuators.
In the absence of actuation, the flow separates near the juncture between the flap and the main body (x/c = 0.62), forming a recirculating domain over the flap and a detached vorticity layer.
Actuation leads to complete flow attachment through the trailing edge with significant acceleration of the flow within the attached boundary layer downstream of the actuators and outside of the boundary layer along most of the flap.
At C= 1.6% an interaction domain containing a cross-stream velocity peak (~2.3 times the maximum speed of the jet under quiescent conditions) is formed along the flap between the actuator jet and the free stream flow that is particularly apparent using the recessed configuration.这篇文章的结论部分很特殊，统计的结果为 565 个单词，包含了 4 个段落。
第 1 段概括了文章的主要研究内容(active flow control system)，第 2 段到第 4 段主要说明了文 章的研究方法(experiment，PIV)，以及一些具体的结果。主要时态为一般现在时态第3篇题目
REPRESENTATION METHOD EFFECTS ON GENETIC ALGORITHM IN 2-DAIRFOIL DESIGNVIBRATIONAL4.
CONCLUSION In this article, Bezier and Parsec representation methods are tested in two different flow conditions; subsonic and transonic flows.
In the fist test case both representation methods are compared via VGA optimization tool under the subsonic flow conditions.
The comparison between Bezier and Parsec representation methods is shown in Fig.
8.
This plot emphasizes the superiority of Parsec representation method.
In the second test case both representation methods are compared via VGA optimization tool under the transonic flow conditions.
The comparison between Bezier and Parsec representation methods is shown in Fig.
11.
This plot emphasizes the superiority of Bezier representation method.
From these cases it is concluded that Parsec method is more global and more efficient than Bezier method in subsonic flows.
However, Bezier method is more flexible than Parsec method within transonic flows.本篇文章相比于上篇文章内容上比较简短：统计结果为 134 个单词，包含 1 个段落 第 1 句，概括了文章的的主要研究内容。第 2 句至第 7 句回顾了文章中的两个算例。第 8 句说明了本文方法的优越性，最后一句说明了本文方法的不足。
主要时态为一般现在时态句型
In this article, The comparison between is shown in Fig.
8.
From these cases it is concluded that However,第4篇 题目
Unsteady Flow Simulation of a High-Lift configuration using a Lattice Boltzmann ApproachV.
Conclusions Simulations of a generic high-lift geometry were carried out using the Lattice Boltzmann based code PowerFLOW with the framework of the 1st AIAA CFD High Lift Prediction Workshop held in 2010.
The results shown here were the only unsteady simulations among all workshop participants and show excellent agreement of drag and lift forces as well as cp distributions for all workshop cases.
Good predictions in the region of maximum lift were a particularly distinguishing feature of the Lattice Boltzmann simulations, indicating the importance of unsteady simulations in correctly capturing strongly separated flow structures.
The slight over-prediction of cL,max observed for the baseline case was shown to be largely attributable to the absence of slat and flap brackets in the simulations.
Adding these brackets (Case 3 of the workshop) shows a significant reduction of lift in particular at the higher angle of attack, bringing the simulation results to almost perfect agreement with measured results.
The effect of changing flap angles was also well captured by the simulations.
The position of laminar-to-turbulence transition was set for most of the simulations presented here based on published experimental results since the method used for the current study uses a wall model rather than fully resolving the boundary layer.
Fully turbulent simulations were carried out for selected configurations and showed a significant reduction of lift.
In addition to the workshop cases a study of wind tunnel blockage effects is shown here.
Adding walls in the simulation corresponding to the dimensions of the wind tunnel led to a change of predicted forces consistent with the corrections applied to the experimental results.
Computational times required for the unsteady simulations were generally in the same order of magnitude or even slightly below as the RANS simulations presented by other workshop participants, confirming the high level of efficiency of the unsteady Lattice Boltzmann method.
Overall, this method was shown to be an interesting and viable alternative to the predominantly used RANS methods for the simulation of high-lift wings.本篇文章的结论也相对较长,统计结果为 329 个单词，包含 4 个段落 第 1 段概括了文章的的主要研究内容。
第 2 段对文章中的使用的计算方法中的 laminar-to-turbulence transition 进行了说明。
第 3 段文章中的使用的计算方法中的一点(Adding walls in the simulation)进行了说明。
第 4 段对文章的计算效率进行了说明。进一步说明文章方法的优越性。主要时态为一般现在时态第5篇 题目
Design of a new urban wind turbine airfoil using a pressure-load inverse method 5.
Conclusions A pressure-load inverse design method was successfully applied to the design of a high-loaded airfoil for application in a small wind turbine for urban environment.
The pressure distribution of the designed blade section shows a smooth increase of the blade pressure-load, defined as the pressure difference between the upper and the lower sides of the section, from the leading edge up to 20% of the axial chord.
From 20% up to 80% of the axial chord, the pressure-load is almost constant and it reduces smoothly toward the trailing edge.
The experimental testing of the new blade section, as an isolated airfoil, confirmed the high maximum lift and a moderate drag.
Future developments will consider the application of the current design method with an optimization of the thickness distribution for viscous flow.
Due to the specification of the blade load, this methodology will reduce the drag without changing the lift.
本篇文章的结论相对比较简洁,统计结果为 149 个单词，包含 1 个段落 第 1 句概括了文章的的主要研究内容。
第 2 句至第 4 句对文章方法进行了再次说明 第 5 句进行了展望 第 6 句提到本文方法的优越性。
高考作文的结尾手法【2】
结尾是文章留给阅卷老师的最终印象，即结论性印象。因此，一个好的结尾应该是能打动阅卷老师的内心，
激起他们的共鸣，从而对文章做出最好的也是最终的评价。
结尾要紧扣段落主题，又要有所拓展。结尾要求简洁有力，意味隽永。好的结尾能使全文增色。结尾句写作看似很难，但有很多方法可以借鉴。下面就结合实例给大家介绍一下英语作文结尾的具
体方法：
书面表达结尾“七法”(一)总结性结尾
总结性结尾常用于任务或活动介绍结束后吧对文章进行总结，这一总结对原文既是一种回顾，又是一种概
括，有时候与文章开头形成呼应，从而有效增强文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性。起到点明主题，深化主题，画龙点睛的效果。
例1：Inshort,thestudentshavenotarrivedatanyagreementyet.(2004湖北)
解析：2004年湖北试题是关于英语学习的讨论，结尾用一句话交待了双方的争论结果，显得简洁有力。例2：AsfarasIknow,everyoneishappyaboutthisnewarrangementofthings.(NMET2001)
解析：2001年高考英语书面表达主题是关于减轻学生学习负担。这一总结性结尾与文首的Inshort,things
havebeguntoimprovesinceschoolswerecalledontoreducelearningload.形成照应，它也是对全文的一种概括与总结，体现了减负后作者兴奋的心情。
(二)引用性结尾
引用名人名言结尾，是使文章大放异彩的好方法。
例：Thestorytellsusthatifyouwanttogetsomething,youmustworkhardforit.Remember,nopains,nogains!(2005广东)
解析：2005年广东试题要求写出故事《守株待兔》。范文引用了名言“Nopains,nogains.”体现了作者良好
的英语功底，同时也给人留下了深刻的印象。
(三)反问式结尾
反问也是体现文章力度的一个好方法。用反问结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义多是肯定的，具有强调作用，
能引起读者深思。
例1：Therefore,Ithinkit’sagoodideaforyoutoreturn.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?(2005湖北)
解析：2005年湖北试题尽管是应用文，但范文以“Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?”的反问形式为文章做出了鼓
动性的结尾，给人以跃跃欲试的感觉，无疑会增加评卷者对文章的影响分。例2：Everyoneshouldlearntodohousework.Don'tyouagree,boysandgirls?
解析：这是以“Shouldwelearntodohousework?”为题的一篇文章的结尾。显然，作者要表达的观点是每
个人都应该dohousework,作者通过结尾的反问句强调了文章的主题，增强了文章的形式和效果。
(四)激励性结尾
结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入某种行动，或者对活动发出号召和鼓励性的口号。例：Dearfellowstudents,let’sstartfightnowandsparenoefforttodoalittlebiteveryday,everyhour,and
everyminute!(2005江苏)
解析：2005年江苏卷书面表达的主题是建设和谐社会。这篇文章的结尾号召所有学生行动起来，为建设和
谐社会尽自己的一份力，通过“everyday,everyhour,andeveryminute”升华了主题，增强了文章的感召(五)祝愿性结尾
祝愿性结尾常用于活动介绍、未来展望、各种信件、便条等文体的末尾对主人公参加特定的活动给予衷心
祝愿。这种结尾感情真挚，极易打动阅卷老师。例1：IamsurewewillbothgainabetterunderstandingoftheelderlyinChina.Ifyouhaveanysuggestions,pleaseletusknow.(2007湖北)
解析：2007年湖北卷书面表达主题是和国际学校的学生一起去敬老院慰问老人。这一祝愿性结尾表达了通
过这次活动同学们一定能增加对中国老人的生活了解。诚挚的祝愿体现了和国际学生间的友谊，并征求对方意见，读来真实生动。
例2：Inaddition,Ineedtogetalongwellwithmyclassmatesandteachersatcollege.IthinkIwillhavea
wonderfulcollegelife.(2007辽宁)
解析：祝愿式的结尾，体现出作者对未来大学生活的向往和自信之情，令人印象深刻。(六)结论式结尾
这种结尾常用于各种活动介绍及故事叙述中交代活动及故事的结局，虽不惊天动地、波澜壮阔。却也自然
真实，顺理成章。
例：WangHongbecameournewmontior.Thewholeclasscheeredforher,andshepromisedtodothebestshe
couldforusall.(2007北京)
解析：2007年北京卷的开放性作文主题是竞选班长。作者在结尾介绍了竞选的最后结果，字里行间流露出
对新班长的信任和期待。至此，文章自然而然地结束。这样平稳自然的结尾也不失为一种好的选择。
(七)含蓄性结尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。例：Thebirdwassetfree.Seeingthebirdflyinghappilyinthesky,bothLiMingandhisgrandpasmiled.(2006辽
宁)
解析:2006年辽宁卷书面表达的内容是李明和爷爷一起放飞小鸟的故事。作者通过对“将小鸟放飞”的场景
的描写：“flyinghappily,smiled”,含蓄地交待了主人公的态度和看法，结尾起到画龙点睛的作用，而且显得意味深长，以情感人。
文章的结尾没有一成不变的模式，我们可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是：
记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法;
说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。
常用结尾句
Ingeneral/aboveall/Withtheresultthat/Asaresult/consequently…AsfarasIamconcerned/Asforme,…
Inmypointofview,Ilike/preferAmuchmorethanB.
IstillpreferA,however,fortheyteachmenotonlytobe…butalsotobe…Thereisnodoubtthat…
Inordertomakeourworldabetterplacetolivein,weshouldmakeeffortsto…Toalargeextent…
Ifallabovementionedmeasuresareachieved,…Whereveryouare,youwillfindpeople….
Soclear/obviousitisthattherearequitedifferentopinionsonit.
Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat…Insummary/Inshort,itiswiser…
Tosumup/Onthewhole/Inbrief/Inaword,itistruethatweshouldbringaboutbothpositiveandnegative
results.Butwecantryoutbesttoreducethenegativeinfluencetotheleastextent.Obviously,wecandrawtheconclusionthat…
Thus,itcanbeconcludedthat…/Therefore,wecanfindthat…
开头与结尾的三项基本原则1.用好原句，不另辟蹊径高考书面表达题往往会给出开篇句或结尾句，我们只需要用好这些已给信息即可。因为这些句子既
给我们提供了信息，又从一定程度上规定了我们写作的文体。2.用好原句，不另辟蹊径
高考书面表达题往往会给出开篇句或结尾句，我们只需要用好这些已给信息即可。因为这些句子既
给我们提供了信息，又从一定程度上规定了我们写作的文体。3.恰到好处，不狗尾续貂
和开头一样，好的尾句也可以反映出作者总揽全文的能力，同时，它也应该是控制字数、画龙点睛之笔。
好的尾句应该照应全文，总结全篇，干净利落，使全文结构紧凑。
文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：
1.首尾呼应，画龙点睛在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如"ICannotForgetHer"(我忘不了她)的结尾：
Afterherdeath,Ifeltasifsomethingweremissinginmylife.Iwassadoverherpassingaway,butIknewshewouldnothavehadanyregretsathavinggivenherlifeforthebenefitofthepeople.
2.重复主题句结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“ILoveMyHomeTown”(我爱家乡)的结尾：
Ilovemyhometown,andIloveitspeople.Theytoohavechanged.Theyaregoingallouttodomoreforthegoodofourmotherland.
3.自然结尾随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾：
Icaughtasmanyastwentyfishintwohours,butmybrothercaughtmanymore.Tiredfromfishing,welaydownontheriverbank,bathinginthesun.Wereturnedhomeverylate.4.含蓄性的结尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“ADayofHarvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾：
Eveningcamebeforewerealizedit.Weputdownoursicklesandlookedateachother.Ourclotheswerewetwithsweat,butoneveryfacetherewasasmile.5.用反问结尾
虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如"ShouldWeLearntoDoHousework?"(我们要不要学做家务?)的结尾。
Everyoneshouldlearntodohousework.Don’tyouagree,boysandgirls?
6.指明方向，激励读者结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let’sGoinforSports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾：Aswehavesaidabove,sportscanbeofgreatvalue.Theynotonlymakepeoplelivehappilybutalsohelppeopletolearnvirtuesanddotheirworkbettter.Asoundmindisinasoundbody.Let’sgoinforsports.
文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法;但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。