介词+which /whom的用法

时间:2024.3.24

三)介词+which /whom的用法

1.语法作用:“介词+关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用,即在定语从句中充当状语:

(1)表示地点,时间和原因的“介词+which”分别相当于 where,when,why。

I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.(SEFC 2A L.55)(=I have found the book.The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.)

The earth on which /where we live is a planet.

I'll never forget the day on which /when I joined the League.

I know a wood in which /where you can find roses.

Is there any reason for which /why you should have a holiday?

(2)way后常用that代替in which,也可省略that。

I really don't like the way that he talks.

That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.

Do it the way I showed you.

2.“of +which”起形容词的作用,相当于whose(用来指物),其词序通常是“n.+of which”。

They live in a house whose door /the door of which opens to the south.

He's written a book whose name /the name of which I've com- pletely forgotten.

3.可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.(SEFC 2A L.55)

We carefully studied the photos,in which we could see signs of plant disease.(SEFC 2A L.55)

4.介词的选择(选择介词时须考虑下列情况)

1)介词与先行词的习惯搭配

There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.(SEFC 2A L.55)(in与way是习惯搭配)

2)介词与定语从句中的动词,形容词的习惯搭配

These are the wires with which different machines are connected.(be connected with是习惯搭配)

The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.(be familiar with是习惯搭配)

3)同形的先行词,或定语从句中的动词,形容词表示不同的含义时,要根据其含义选用不同的介词。

I can't remember the age at which he won the prize.

That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.

age在前句中意为“年岁”,与at搭配;在后句中意为“时期”,与 in搭配。

4)复杂介词须保持其完整形式,常见的复杂介词有on the top of,in the middle of,in front of,in spite of,at the back of,because of等。

We took a photo of rocket,the length of which was about 30me- tres.(SEFC 2A L.55)

Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.

They marched through the square,in the middle of which stood a monument.

5)短语动词中的介词不可与动词分开提至关系代词前。常见的短语动词有listen to,look at,depend on,pay attention to,take care of,look into,break into,get rid of,take part in,make use of,take hold of,catch hold of,catch up with,get along with,look forward to等。此时可用which,who,whom或that,也可将他们省略。

(误)This is the girl of whom he will take care.

(正)This is the girl whom he will take careof.

6)当介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词联系紧密(但不是短语动词)时,介词也可放在动词或形容词的后面。但当介词与从句中的动词或形容词联系不紧密

时,则需将介词置于关系代词前。比较:

The space station which we drove to was in the desert.(SEFC 2A L.55)

I'll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.

后句中若置于句尾则有“孤零零”之感,这时宜将介词置于关系代词前;而前句中的to则可后置。

5.关系代词的选择

用于介词后的关系代词只有which,whom,前者指物,后者指人。

There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.(SEFC 2A L.55)(which指代research stations)

We questioned the pilot,from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.(SEFC 2A L.55)(whom指代the pilot)


第二篇:as和which的用法


aswhich的用法

关系代词as 与which引导非限制性定语从句可以用整个主句作为其先行词,指代上面或下文所说的一件事。但何时用as,何时用which, 初学者在实际运用时常出现差错。现就as 与which在引导这种定语从句时所出现的不同词义和句法特点进行对比、分析如下。

一、as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。

一般有以下特点:

1、此时的as仍具有“正如、象、由……而知、与……一致”等某些作连词时的语义。翻译时有时可不必译出。如:

Shakespeare is a famous writer, as we all know. 莎士比亚是著名的作家, 这众人皆知。

She is very patient, as is shown in her work. 她很耐心,正如她工作中所表现出来的一样。

2、在句法上,as常用作一些实意动词(如see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等)的宾语,这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如:

Einstein, as we know(=as is well known), is a famous scientist. 众所周知,爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。

There was a net bar around here, as I remember. 我记得这儿附近有一家网吧。

3、当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或从句谓语动词带的是一个复合宾语结构时,一般用which而不宜用as。如:

You pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand. 他假装不认识我,我真不明白。

He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange. 他羡慕班里的每个学生,我认为太奇怪了。

4、as 从句可以前置(而which从句则不可)。如:

As can be seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth. 很容易看出大洋占了地球的70%还多。

二、which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态或结果。

一般有下列特点:

1、which此时就指前面主句所提到的这件事,常译为“这一点、这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开,只能位于被修饰句子的后面。如:

The child had a fever every night, which worried his parents very much. 这孩子每晚发烧,这使他父母非常焦急。

2、which

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