第三部分:语法---It的用法
【学习目标】
知识目标:学习代词it的各种用法。
能力目标:能熟练运用到各种场合,能够解答与之相关的习题,学会使用it有关的高级句型尤其是强调句型、it作形式主语。
【课前自学】
代词的用法:
一、作人称代词
1、it代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。 e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.(it代替前面的_________) Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. (it代替后面的_________) They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. (it代替前面_________)
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. (it代替前面的_______)
The baby cried because it was hungry. (it代替前面的_________) 3、在某些习惯说法中,可以代替人。 e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.
---- Who is _________? ---- _________ me.
---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children. ---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.
4、it与one的区别:这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词,但it用于同名同物的场合;
one则用于同名异物的场合。
e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold _________ ---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is ____ _____ on the desk.
5、it与that的区别:两词都可代替某一特定名词,但that指同一类,并非同一个。
e.g. The climate of South China is mild(温和的); I like______very much.(_________指the climate of South China)
The climate of South China is much better than_________of Japan.(_________指the climate)
二、作无人称代词
it作无人称代词时,除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外,另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。
It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.). It is noon. It is a half hour’s walk to the factory. It is eighteen square metres in area. What does it matter?
【拓展延伸】
一、作强调词,构成强调结构
(一)强调句句型 1、陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 2、一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 3、特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?
e.g. When and where was it that you were born? 4、强调句例句:针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语:__________________ (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语:__________________ that I met at the railway station yesterday. 强调地点状语:__________________ that I met Li Ming yesterday. 强调时间状语:__________________that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
5、注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that, who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was … ,其余的时态用It is … 。
(二)not … until … 句型的强调句
1、句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. 普通句:He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句:It was___________________________that he went to bed. 2、注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
(三) 引导词it作形式主语(宾语)
为了使句子平衡,常采用形式主语(或宾语)it ,而把真正的主语(或宾语)置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。
e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.(It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词)
We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. (it与that从句中间夹有 strange)
但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。
e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.(因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意:it不是多余的,不能当作错句)
【课堂检测】
1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.
A. one B. ones
C. it D. that 2. ---- Who’s that?
A. That’s ---- ____ Professor Li. C. He’s D. This’s B. It’s
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.
A. that B. it C. such D. one
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. You
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
10. How long ____ to finish the work?
A. you’ll take B. you’ll take it C. will it take you D. will take you
【课下作业】
1. (四川卷3)I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy__________.
A. one B. it C. this D. that
2. 浙江卷4.)——I’ve read another book this week.
——Well, maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A .this B. that C. there D. it
3. (江西卷27)It was _____ he came bank from Africa that year _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.
A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when
4. (辽宁卷34)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia, ?
A isn’t he B hasn’t he C isn’t it D hasn’t it
5. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.
A. it B. that C. so D. she
6. It was ____ I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that B. many years before C. many years ago that D. many
years when
7. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that
8. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
9. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
10. _________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. [20xx 山东卷]
A.This B.That C.What D.It
11. ________ felt funny watching myself on TV. [20xx 全国卷II]
A. One B. This C. It D. That
12. He didn’t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.[20xx 天津卷]
A. this B. that C. it D. these
13. —He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was _____?
—_____ was in 20xx when he was still in college. [20xx 浙江卷]
A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It 14. It was not until midnight they reached the camp site. (20xx重庆)
A. that B. when C. while D. as
第二篇:高二英语 重点词汇,短语,句子复习总结之选修6(新人教版)
重点词汇,短语,句子复习总结
. M6 Unit1
重点单词
abstract sculpture belief special visual
consequently specific fragrant permanent faith
symbol value focus avenue exhibition possession figure achievement mostly shadow
variety contemporary custom adopt object
explore gallery admission influence conventional convince ridiculous controversial excellent evident
attempt predict collection discovery traditional amazing realistic masterpiece environment style
aggressive scholar civilization counterpart scene
permanent tip preference represent display
fragile typical shape gradually technique reputation including replace
重点短语
focus on a great deal scores of
concentrate on at the same time that Is (to say)
as well as by coincidence lie in
break away from on the other hand be well worth
would rather appeal to
重点句子
1. A typical picture of this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of …
2. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when …
3. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, on one would have been able to
paint such realistic pictures.
4. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the
Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
5. The garden of this lovely mansion is also well worth a visit.
6. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values took the place of those held in the
Middle Ages.
7. When people first saw his paintings they were convinced that they were looking
through a hole in the wall at a real scene.
8. without the new paints and the new techniques, we would not be able to see the many
great masterpiece for which this period is famous for.
9. there are scores of modern art styles, but without the impressionists, many of these
painting styles might not exist.
10. It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings.
11. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters.
12. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house … to …
选修六 M6 Unit2
重点单词
poem/poetry rhyme rhythm recite cottage
forever exchange minimum various athletic
aspect convey diamond bare sponsor
tease salty compass diploma eventually
endless translation branch specific imaginative
transform bride create melt score
bridegroom organization traditional branch fan
sorrow thread appropriate championship flexible
compass pattern scholarship repetition utter
sunlight warmth feed delight own
underline darkness energy revolve
endless load await scream
重点短语
give sb a deep impression be make up of be made of
translate into day by day at the bottom of
take one's eyes off take it easy of one’s own
run out of run away stay/sit up
try out look forward to let out
in particular be popular with
重点句子
1. There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or
describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.
2. We would have won if Jack had scored that goal.
3. And said though strange they all were true.
4. Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is cinquain, a poem made
up of five lines.
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables.
5. I’ll give you all I own.
选修六 M6 Unit3
重点单词
stress adolescent disappointed pregnant abortion
addicted diet ash survival cure
automatically unfit relaxation bad-tempered lung
abnormal virus share breathless desperate
manage quit effect stage partner
chemist ashamed strengthen infect disease
eventually production pill prejudice progress
illegal statement perfect withdrawal unfortunately basic comprehension ban damage evidence
judgment packet tough fluid embarrassed awkward benefit remind resolve stress
cigarette cigar drug alcohol needle
mentally physically unless
重点短语
be due to be accustomed to feel like doing sth.
get into decide on reach for
in spite of take risks stand for
be addicted to be accustomed to be/feel ashamed of/that take off so far make sure
prevent sb. (from) doing make a list of because of
重点句子
1. It’s amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.
2. I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
3. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it
automatically.
4. I also noticed that I couldn’t run as fast any more and I wasn’t enjoying sport as much.. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I live.
5. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually it damages your
immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.
6. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
7. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIV/AIDS risks getting the virus
8. For the same reason, some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them …
9. Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.
10. I am sending some advice I found on the Internet.
11. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers.
12. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible.
选修六 M6 Unit4
重点单词
phenomenon quantity atmosphere fuel tend
trend tendency commitment consequence recycle
climate consequence rapid individual contribution flood average power appliance fridge
microwave supply accurate catastrophe count
severe pollution environmental circumstance expect
widespread surrounding refresh educator existence
reduce decrease increase casual material
subscribe data range motor vehicle
steady average degree level mild
existence source trap advocate completely matter state project actually explore
pollution electrical per predict positive
greenhouse temperature climate attitude decade
energy consume random widespread disagreement spread economical
重点短语
compare…with/to… on the whole result in/from
make a difference put up with and so on
even if build up depend on
as a result of turn off put on
keep on on the whole as/so long as global warming small amounts of keep … from …
be trapped in... huge quantities of have an effect on
go up be opposed to be made of
greenhouse effect greenhouse effect global warming
carry out subscribe to on behalf of
come about run out be due to
重点句子
1. That probably doesn’t seem much to you or me but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.
2. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
3. Without the “greenhouse effect”, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.
4. All scientists subscribed to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to ….
5. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global
temperature to go up.
6. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurement of ….
They also agreed that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
7. Here are some suggestions on how to reduce it.
8. The growth of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of the
things we do every day.
9. If you can, buy things made from recycled materials.
选修六 M6 Unit5
重点单词
hurricane adventure erupt unfortunately typhoon
evaluate unusual wave candidate drought
fountain fantastic equipment shake famine
absolutely precious swallow last mountainous
occasionally suit thunderstorm gift spectacular
potential tremble appoint helmet document
sweat anxiety database boot uncomfortable
panic courage collect reward surface
edge unconscious peak handsome surround
diverse unique potential height attraction
guarantee volcano predict enthusiastic arouse
alongside crash imagine experience
重点短语
compare……with make one’s way make an effort
spare no effort vary from…to…
make an impress on sb. wind one’s way take risks / a risk
burn to the ground be about to do sth be amazed at
be out of work nature reserve a great diversity of
take a bath give birth to sb
重点句子
1. Have you ever considered how weak humans are compared with a volcano , hurricane or earthquake?
你有没有想过,与火山、飓风和地震比起来,人类是多么软弱?
2. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.
Having swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to a handsome boy. Having studied volcanoes now for many years , I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage .
Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
3. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day .
4. . It is said that the boy , who had a great gift for language and persuasion , is the father of the Manchu people .
5. When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.