一切美好的根源
One day I decided to plant a garden in our backyard, and my husband began to paint our weathered fence. We’re renters, not owners, and were growing tired of waiting for the day when we would be able to buy something, so we began turning our house into a place we could call home.
一天，我决定在我们的后院里栽种花木，建一个花园，而我的丈夫开始给我们那因日晒雨淋而褪色的栅栏刷上油漆。我们是这套房子的租客，不是房主，但我们越来越厌倦等待有钱买房的那天到来，于是我们开始把这套房子变成我们可以称之为“家”的地方。
But it’s not just our house that we’ve become committed to—it’s our neighborhood and our neighbors, not to mention our city. The more people we get to know here and the more friends we make, the more we grow interested in local politics and come to care about what happens to our community. For example, a newspaper article about the future of dog parks in our city means something more to us now that we use those parks and have friends that value and enjoy them as well.
但我们不仅仅对租来的房子投入了感情，还融入到周围的街区和邻居们当中，对于我们所在的这座城市，我们更是以心相许。我们在这里认识的人以及结交的朋友越多，我们就越是对本地的政治感兴趣，越是关心我们社区里发生的事情。比如，我们格外关心一篇关于我们这座城市未来的遛狗公园的新闻报道，因为我们会去那些公园，而且我们有朋友同样重视这些公园，享受它们带来的乐趣。
We’ve also taken on new responsibilities: I started volunteering at the city’s animal shelter, and my husband has been volunteering for a nonprofit art gallery. Being involved in this way has given each of us an increased sense of purpose and strengthened our ties to the place we live.
我们也承担了新的职责：我开始在市里的动物庇护所里当志愿者，我丈夫也一直在一个非营利性的艺廊当义工。用这种方式参与到这座城市里增强了我们每个人的使命感，巩固了我们和我们所居住的地方的联系。
But it’s not just the things that you can add to your resume that matter. I’m happy to be able to help out an elderly woman I see struggling with her bag. I know I’ve done something good when I knock on a neighbor’s door and let her know her car lights are still on. I feel I’ve done my part when I find a lost dog wandering in the neighborhood and return him to his relieved owner.
然而并不是唯有像做义工这种可以作为工作经验写进简历的事情才是重要的。当我看见一个老妇人艰难地拎着包，我很开心自己能够去帮助她；当我敲开邻居的门告诉她，她的车灯忘了熄，我知道我做了一件好事；当我在家附近发现一只迷路的狗在外游荡，并把它归还给如释重负的狗主人时，我感觉自己尽到了作为这社区一份子的职责。
No doubt it works the other way, too. As we come to care about the place we live, the people here grow to know and care about us. It feels good to know that when we’re out of town, our neighbors are picking up our mail and keeping an eye on our house for us. It makes me smile when my husband and I go to our favorite Indian restaurant just across the bridge, and the owner already knows what I’ll be ordering. I’m excited when I see that new trees have been planted on our street by people in our neighborhood. We 1)beam with delight when a neighbor congratulates us on my pregnancy.
当然，这些行为也给我们带来了回报。随着我们开始关心我们所居住的社区，这里的人们也开始了解和关心我们。我们在外地时，邻居会帮我们接收信件、照看门户，那种感觉真的很好。当我和丈夫在桥对岸那间我们最喜欢的印度餐馆落座，而店主就已经知道我将点什么东西吃时，我总会欣然微笑；当看见街坊们在我们房子坐落的街道上栽种新树木，我会很兴奋；当一位邻居为我怀孕的事祝贺我们夫妇时，我们会眉开眼笑。
This 2)symbiotic relationship we’re building with our community is exciting and inspiring. As I watch new life sprouting up in my garden, I think about all the possibilities for laying down more roots to this place and growing along with it—other projects I’ll undertake, other neighbors I will get to know, the friendships we will cultivate. And as I think about the baby growing in my 3)womb, I am 4)elated knowing we will be bringing a new person—a new participant—into this community, a community he’ll call his hometown.
我们和我们的社区建立起来的这种共生的关系，让我们备感兴奋和鼓舞。当我看着我的花园里萌发出来的新生命，我想到如果我们在这个地方扎下更多的根并和这个地方一起成长的所有可能性——我会开展其他计划，我将认识其他邻居，我们将结下友谊。当我想着正在我子宫里成长着的宝宝时，我心怀喜悦地意识到我们正在把一个新人——一个新的参与者——带到这个他将称之为“家园”的社区里
那些花儿，随风而逝
那些花儿，那些青涩的笑容，那些稚嫩的留言，会随风而逝吗？
什么时候开始对本该厌倦的三点连线（教室——寝室——食堂）有丝丝的眷恋？ 什么时候开始看着熟悉的人有流泪的冲动？是怕有一天会不记得那张面庞？是怕以后再也看不见这么亲切的笑容？
到底是什么时候，时间侵蚀了我们的记忆，那些我们以为可以珍藏久久的记忆？
It’s been seven years since it was placed here, beneath a huge stack of old newspapers on a rack loaded with books.
这张照片放在这里有七年了。它就在装满书的书架里那一大堆旧报纸的下面。
It had been seven years since it came into this world, born from the silvery solution of the photographic tray. Rediscovered from the bottom of that dirt-laden heap, it was able to see the light, still in good state. It was such a relief! Surprisingly, its co-lors had still not turned yellowish pale. 1)squinted my eyes, straining to recognize those emerging faces. Blurred images, faint, yet distinct memories.
这张照片从冲印盘的银色溶液中诞生已经七年了。在那一大堆布满灰尘的报纸下面被重新发现后，这张照片又重见天日了，它仍旧完好无损，这真让人舒了一口气！令人惊讶的是，照片还没有泛黄褪色。我眯起眼，努力辨认照片上的那些脸。模糊的样子，微弱但却清晰的记忆。
There, in the background, stood that not-so-white wall of the
classroom, bearing signs of the 2)onslaught of creativity, when they were present. In front of it stood a bunch of 3)bubbly, youthful adolescent teens, grinning ear-to-ear.
照片的背景是教室里的一面不怎么白的墙壁，上面经常画满了来不及清理的涂鸦，那是青少年创作欲漫溢的体现。墙的前面站着一群十多岁的活泼、朝气蓬勃的青少年，他们正笑得合不拢嘴。
月光醉人
彼得·斯坦哈特，美国自然主义作家、艺术家，曾连续12年担任美国《奥杜邦杂志》（Audubon Magazine）的编辑和专栏作家。该杂志是美国国内影响力极大的群众性环保组织—奥杜邦协会出版发行的一份杂志，该协会致力于促进鸟类学研究。彼得· 斯坦哈特的文章多次出现在《纽约时报》（the New York Times）和《洛杉矶时报》（the Los Angeles Times）等多家报刊杂志上。他还曾两次入围美国国家杂志奖（National Magazine Award）。他的散文优美清新，给人以美的享受。至今，他已出版了多本书籍，其中有The Company of Wolves、Undressed Art: Why We Draw等。目前他居住在美国加利福尼亚州西部的帕拉托（Palo Alto）市，在写作的同时还从事绘画创作。
浪漫诗仙李白平生最喜爱的便是月亮。“床前明月光”、“举杯邀明月”?? 连最后的辞世也是那么诗情画意，传说是醉酒的他天真地想捞起水中的月亮，最终抱着月亮的倒影离开了??
There is a hill near my home that I often climb at night. The noise of the city is a far-off murmur. In the hush of dark I share the
cheerfulness of crickets and the confidence of owls. But it is the drama of the moonrise that I come to see. For that restores in me a quiet and clarity that the city spends too freely.
家的附近有座小山。我常在夜里爬上山去。那时候，城市的喧嚣只变成远方的低语。在夜色的沉寂中，蟋蟀们伴我同乐，夜枭也与我交心。然而，真正令我神往的，却是那美异如戏的月出。因为，它归予了我内心一份被城市恣意挥霍去的清宁。
From this hill I have watched many moons rise. Each one had its own mood. There have been broad, confident harvest moons in autumn; shy, misty moons in spring; lonely, white winter moons rising into the utter silence of an ink-back sky and smoke-smudged orange moons over the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited my heart and then calmed my soul. 在这山上，我看过许多次月出，每次都留予我不同的感受：秋季，获月朗朗，傲然大方；春宵，月色朦胧，娇倩含羞；冬夜，孤月冷寂，皓临苍穹；夏天，月出旱田，橘色如熏。每一种月，都宛如仙曲一支，直教我心动，而后又令人神定魂安.
Moongazing is an ancient art. To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as unerring as a heartbeat. They knew that every 29 days it became full-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was reborn. They knew the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset. They knew the waning moon rose later each night until it vanished in the sunrise. To have understood the moon’s patterns from experience must have been a profound thing.
观月是一项古老的艺术。对史前猎人们而言，月相的更迭就如同心脏跳动一般准确无误。他们知道，每过29天月亮就会变得饱满明亮，接着逐渐衰残、殆灭，转而又重生；他们也知道，在月盈期间，每经一次日落月亮都会显得更高更大；他们还知道，在月亏时候，月出将越来越迟，直至消失于日出中。单凭经验就掌握了月相的规律，这真可谓造诣非凡。
But we, who live indoors, have lost contact with the moon. The glare of street lights and the dust of pollution veil the night sky. Though men have walked on the moon, it grows less familiar. Few of us can say what time the moon will rise tonight.
然而，久惯深居的我们已然失去了与月的联系。街灯的光炫携伴烟尘的污影笼罩起夜空。尽管人类已涉足过月球，月亮对于我们却反而陌生了。实在没多少人能够说出今夜的月将何时升起。
Still, it tugs at our minds. If we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, huge and yellow over the horizon, we are helpless but to stare back at its commanding presence. And the moon has gifts to bestow upon those who watch.
可是，即便如此，月亮依然牵动着你我的心弦。假若有缘邂逅满月，见其庞然高悬，金辉璀璨，我们只能不由自主地仰望起它那超然的威仪；而月，也将对其倾望者回以厚礼。
I leaned about its gifts one July evening in the mountains. My car had mysteriously stalled, and I was stranded and alone. The sun had set, and I was watching what seemed to be the bright-orange glow of a forest fire beyond a ridge to the east. Suddenly, the ridge itself seemed to burst
into flame. Then, the rising moon, huge and red and grotesquely misshapen by the dust and sweat of the summer atmosphere, loomed up out of the woods. 我就是于七月里一夜在山间获其馈赠的。那时，车子莫名其妙地熄火了，我只身被困在林中。日已西沉，入我眼帘的，犹如森林大火那橙黄色亮光，自山脊后向东射来。突然间，那道山脉似乎也燃烧了起来。随之，一轮巨大的红月由林间冉冉浮升，且因尘埃和暑汽之故而形态颇异。
Distorted thus by the hot breath of earth, the moon seemed ill-tempered and imperfect. Dogs nearby farmhouse barked nervously, as if this strange light had wakened evil spirits in the weeds.
月亮于是被大地灼热的气息扭曲了面目：貌似躁戾，相若有缺。农舍旁的狗群不安地吠叫起来，仿佛这异样的月光唤起了草丛间的鬼魅。
But as the moon lifted off the ridge it gathered firmness and authority. Its complexion changed from red, to orange, to gold, to impassive yellow. It seemed to draw light out of the darkening earth, for as it rose, the hills and valleys below grew dimmer. By the time the moon stood clear of the horizon, full chested and round and the colour of ivory, the valleys were deep shadows in the landscape. The dogs, reassured that this was the familiar moon, stopped barking. And all at once I felt a confidence and joy close to laughter.
然而，在月亮缓缓脱离山头的同时，它也逐渐聚敛成型，重振威严。从火红、到橘红、到金色、再到清冷的浅黄，其容颜都在不断更易。而且，它似乎正从沦入黑暗的大地身上汲取光亮。因为随着它的起升，群山万壑都渐而晦暗难见了。直至月满高挂、色若象牙之时，幽谷便成了山水间的重重阴影。又见这一轮熟悉的月，吠犬们终于被安抚下来，便停止了叫声。刹那间，我感到自信满怀，无比愉悦，几近要放声大笑起来。
人生如一趟旅行
Life is like a train ride. We get on. We ride. We get off. We get back on and ride some more. There are accidents and there are delays. At certain stops there are surprises. Some of these will translate into great moments of joy; some will result in profound sorrow.
人生就如一趟火车之旅。我们上车,前进,下车。接着,我们又回到火车上,再乘坐几程。这当中会有意外发生,也会出现延误的情况。在某些站点,我们会遇上令人惊异之事,或会化作喜悦时刻,或会以刻骨悲痛收场。
When we are born and we first board the train, we meet people whom we think will be with us for the entire journey. Those people are our parents! Sadly, this is far from the truth. Our parents are with us for as long as we absolutely need them. They, too, have journeys they must complete. We live on with the memories of their love, affection, friendship, guidance and their constant presence.
出生后,第一次踏上火车时,我们会遇见一些我们自以为将陪伴我们走完整
个旅程的人,那就是我们的父母!令人难过的是,事实远不是如此。在我们的确需要我们的父母时,他们会在我们身边。但他们也有他们必须完成的旅程。带着他们的爱、深情、友谊、指引和时刻相伴的这些记忆,我们继续着自己的生活。
There are others who board the train and who eventually become very important to us, in turn. These people are our brothers, sisters, friends and acquaintances, whom we will learn to love, and cherish. 还有些登上火车的人最终会成为对于我们至关重要的人。这些人就是我们的兄弟、姐妹、朋友和熟人,我们将学着去爱他们,去珍惜他们。
Some people consider their journey like a 1)jaunty tour. They will just go merrily along. Others will encounter many upsets, tears and losses on their journey. Others still, will linger on to offer a helping hand to anyone in need.
有些人把他们的人生看作是一次无忧无虑的旅程,他们一路上都会快乐前行。另一些人会在他们的旅程中遇上许多烦心的事,泪流连连,每每失落。另一些人则会驻足停留,向任何需要帮助的人伸出援手。
Some people on the train will leave an everlasting impression when they get off. Some will get on and get off the train so quickly, they will scarcely leave a sign that they ever travelled along with you or ever crossed your path.
火车上的一些人下了车,还会让你久久难忘。一些人匆匆上车又匆匆下车,几乎没留下任何曾和你一同走过一段旅程抑或曾遇上你的痕迹。
We will sometimes be upset that some passengers, whom we love, will choose to sit in another compartment and leave us to travel on our own. Then again, there’s nothing that says we can’t seek them out anyway. Nevertheless, once sought out and found, we may not even be able to sit next to them because that seat will already be taken.
有时,当我们所爱之人选择坐在另一节车厢里,留我们独自旅行时,我们会感到心烦意乱。但话说回来,也没规定说我们不能主动去找他们。然而,一旦找到,我们却会发现,自己也许已不能坐在他们身旁了,因为那个位置已被别人占了。
That’s okay ?everyone’s journey will be filled with hopes, dreams, challenges, setbacks and goodbyes.
没关系??每个人的旅程都将充满希望、梦想、挑战、挫折和离别。
We must strive to make the best of it? no matter what. We must constantly strive to understand our travel companions and look for the best in everyone.
无论如何,我们必须努力使我们的人生之旅过得充实精彩。我们必须不断努力去理解我们的旅伴,从他们每个人身上发掘最亮的闪光点。
Remember that at any moment during our journey, any one of our travel companions can have a weak moment and be in need of our help. We, too, may 2)vacillate or hesitate, even trip. Hopefully, we can count on someone being there to be supportive and understanding?
记住,在旅程中的任何时刻,我们的任何一位旅伴都可能有脆弱的时候,并需要我们的帮助。我们也会有犹豫不决、迟疑,甚至跌倒的时候。只是希望我们能依靠身边的人给予我们支持和理解??
The bigger mystery of our journey is that we don’t know when our last stop will come. Neither do we know when our travel companions will make their last stop. Not even those sitting in the seat next to us. Personally, I know I’ll be sad to make my final stop? I’m sure of it! My separation from all those friends and acquaintances I made during the train ride will be painful. Leaving all those I’m close to will be a sad thing. But then again, I’m certain that one day I’ll get to the main station only to meet up with everyone else. They’ll all be carrying their baggage, most of which they didn’t have when they first got on this train.
我们的旅途较为神秘之处在于,我们不知道我们何时到达人生的最后一站,也不清楚我们的旅伴,甚至是那些就坐在我们身旁的人何时走完他们的最后一程。就我个人而言,我知道走最后一程时,我会悲伤??这点我很肯定!和所有在旅程中遇见的朋友和熟人分别,我会很痛苦。离开所有我亲近的人是件让人难过的事。但话说回来,总有一天,我会到达中心车站,和其他所有人会合。他们都会提着各自的行李,而其中大部分行李是他们初次踏上这列火车时不曾有的。
I’ll be glad to see them again. I’ll also be glad to have contributed to their baggage and to have enriched their lives, just as much as they will have contributed to my baggage and enriched my life. 再次见到他们,我会很高兴。自己曾作为部分记忆被装进他们的行李箱,丰富了他们的人生,就像他们曾作为部分记忆被装进我的行李箱,丰富了我的人生一样,对此,我会感到开心。
We’re all on this train ride together. Above all, we should all try to strive to make the ride as pleasant and memorable as we can, right up until we each make the final stop and leave the train for the last time. 我们所有人一起乘坐着这趟火车。最重要的是,我们都应该尽可能地使我们的人生之旅过得愉快而难忘,直到我们每个人都抵达最后一个站,最后一次走下火车。
It could happen
可曾想过，哪天自己一觉醒来，物是人非，时过境迁？
是不是似曾相识？《瑞普·凡·温克尔》里的牧羊人瑞普在喝了仙酒后，醒后下山回家，才发现时间已过了整整二十年。
如果，,一夜之间,世界变成了紫色，会是怎样呢？
One day, overnight, the world turned violet. Just about
everything turned violet from the sky and ocean and mountains to the trees and animals and people and from the tallest skyscrapers to the tiniest ant. People sat around looking at one another wondering if they were dreaming. But nobody woke up and things stayed violet, all except for a single Blue Jay who hadn't changed color and stayed the brightest blue. Being the only thing in the world that wasn't violet, he was caught and put in a cage. People were shocked. Some were afraid and some were amazed and a few thought it funny, because along with everyone else, the President was very violet. Whole families were violet as were teachers, movie stars, doctors, nurses, gas station attendants, the Queen of England, the President of Mozambique, taxi-drivers, everybody. They went from place to place in their violet cars and buses and rode violet bikes and sat on violet furniture and ate violet food. Even Hershey's candy bars had turned all violet as had Skittles and M&M's. Girls generally thought this yucky, but some boys thought it was pretty neat.
The smartest scientists in the world gathered to figure it out. Was something wrong with people's eyes or was it a trick of nature? They did studies and tests and analyzed and evaluated and debated and wrote article after article, but couldn't explain it.
某一天,一夜之间,世界变成了紫色。从天空、海洋、高山到树木、动物、人类,从最高的摩天大楼到最小的蚂蚁,所有的一切都变成了紫色。人们无所事事,面面相觑,心想这是不是在做梦。但是没有人从梦中醒来,万物依然是紫色。只有一只冠蓝鸦没有变色,仍旧是最鲜艳的蓝色。
全世界都是紫色,它是唯一的例外,于是人们把它抓起来关进了笼子。所有人都大为震惊。有些人感到害怕,有些人惊叹不已,少数人则觉得很有趣,因为就连总统也同大家一起变成了紫色的。家家户户,莫不如此:老师、电影明星、医生、护士、加油站服务员、英格兰女王、莫桑比克总统、出租车司机,无人例外。他们开着紫色的轿车, 乘着紫色的公交车,在各地间穿梭;他们骑着紫色的自行车,回家后坐在紫色的家具上吃着紫色的食物。连好时巧克力棒、彩虹糖和M&M's巧克力豆也全都变成了紫色。女孩们普遍认为什么东西都变成紫色很令人讨厌,但一些男孩却认为这样非常整齐划一。
全世界最聪明的科学家们齐聚一堂,探讨原因。是不是人们的眼睛出了问题?还是大自然的一个玩笑?他们进行研究、测试、分析、评估、争辩,撰写一篇又一篇论文,但是依然无法给出合理的解释。
And no longer could people say they felt "blue" or were "green" with envy or had a "green" thumb. So what they said and how they said it began to change. Some people said violet was now the most important color in the world because it was everywhere. Others said that violet had no importance at all because there was too much of it. They discussed and argued, joined clubs, held debates, wrote books, and produced movies all about the issue of the importance or unimportance of the color violet.
The color of the Blue Jay became a big issue because he had such a little bit of blue and the world had such a whole lot of violet. People argued about the importance of that. Some said the Blue Jay must be a very special bird or maybe not a bird at all because he alone had kept his true color. Others said this was silly, that the Blue Jay ate bird seed and drank water and fluffed his feathers and that other than his special color he was still just a bird.
It was exactly one year to the day after the world had
turned violet that people awoke to find the world had turned yellow. All except the Blue Jay.
In some ways a yellow world isn't any different than a violet world. People simply said yellow instead of violet when they talked about things. Only now the Blue Jay was more important than ever because he alone had stayed the color blue and people argued about what that meant. They lined up for miles just to take a look at him.
人们再也不能说它们感觉心情如“蓝色”般忧郁,妒忌得两眼发“绿”,或者具有“绿”化园林的技能。所以他们说话的内容和方式都发生了改变。有些人认为目前紫色是全世界最重要的颜色,因为它无处不在。其他人却觉得紫色无关紧要,因为人们对它已经习以为常、视而不见了。他们讨论、争辩,参加俱乐部, 举行辩论会,撰写书籍,拍摄影片,都拿紫色重不重要做文章。
冠蓝鸦的颜色成了争论的焦点,因为整个世界一片紫色,它那一星半点的蓝色显得尤为醒目。人们争论着这一点的重要性。一些人说这只冠蓝鸦肯定是一只非同寻常的鸟,或者可能根本就不是鸟类,因为只有它保持了原来的颜色。其他人觉得这种说法很荒唐,这只冠蓝鸦吃鸟食,喝水,抖羽毛,除了颜色特别,其他一切都与正常鸟类无异。
在世界变成紫色刚好一年后,人们一觉醒来发现世界又变成了黄色,除了那只冠蓝鸦。
在某种程度上,黄色的世界和紫色的世界并没有差别。人们只要在讲话时把紫色说成黄色就行了。只不过现在那只冠蓝鸦愈发重要了,因为还是只有它保持着原来的蓝色。人们又一次为其意义争论不休。他们排着数英里的长队,只为一睹它的风采。
For the next two years, exactly on the day the world had
turned violet and then yellow, it turned new colors: first orange and then pink. Still the Blue Jay stayed blue, causing ever greater
disagreement—until in the fifth year the whole world turned blue. The first thing people asked was what about the Blue Jay. Had he stayed blue? Yes, he was still the same color. No longer were there two colors in the world, but just one—the color blue. And because the Blue Jay was a color like everybody and everything else people began to lose interest. Now that he was neither more nor less important crowds stopped coming and one day, six months into the year that the world had turned blue, somebody let him out of his cage and he flew off looking happy to be free.
The very next morning the world regained its rainbow of colors as if nothing had ever happened. At first this was a novelty but soon people forgot the world had once been all violet. They forgot the world had once turned yellow, then orange, then pink, and then blue. They returned to saying they felt "blue" or were "green" with envy or had a "green" thumb. But on occasion they wondered where the Blue Jay had gone and how he was doing and, most of all, if he was still the color blue and what it had all meant.
在之后的两年里,世界又“准时”换上了新的颜色:之前是紫色和黄色,这次先是橘色,然后是粉色。冠蓝鸦依然坚守蓝色,引起了声势更为浩大的争论——直到第五年,全世界都变成了蓝色。
人们想到的第一件事就是冠蓝鸦怎么样了。它还是蓝色的吗?是的,它依然没有变色。世界上终于不再有两种颜色了,只有一种——蓝色。由于冠蓝鸦的颜色与周围的一切人和物一致,人们对它的兴趣开始减退。既然它已经谈不上重不重要,人们也就不再前来。世界变蓝六个月后的一天,有人把它从笼子里放了出来。它展翅高飞,因重获自由而欢欣不已。
就在冠蓝鸦飞走的第二天早晨,世界恢复了原本的五颜六色,就像什么事都没有发生过一样。一开始人们还觉得很新奇,但很快大家就淡忘了世界曾变成紫色这个事实。他们也忘记了世界后来又变成黄色、橘色、粉色和蓝色。他们又开始说感觉心情如“蓝色”般忧郁,妒忌得两眼发“绿”,或者具有“绿”化园林的技能。
但是,偶尔他们会想冠蓝鸦飞去了哪里,现在过得怎样,最重要的是,它是否依然是那鲜艳的蓝色,以及曾经发生的一切究竟意味着什么。