英语语法总结
1. 人称代词
主格： I we you she he it they
宾格： me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 结构
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please.
13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.
形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
形式：
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
1)what引导的各种特殊疑问句。
1.-What's this/that in English?这个／那个用英语怎么说？
-It's a ruler.是一把尺子。
2.-What's one and two?一加二等于多少？
-It's three.等于三。
3.-What are these/those?这些／那些是什么？
-They are apples.是苹果。
4.-What can you see in the picture?你在图画里能看见什么？
-I can see a lot of people in it.我能看见许多人。
5.-What's the time?现在几点了？
-It's five twenty.五点二十分。
6.-What colour is the car?这辆车是什么颜色的？
-It's red.红色的。
2)who引导的特殊疑问句。
1.-Who's this?这是谁？
-This is Lily.这是莉莉。
2.-Who's the girl on the chair?坐在椅子上的那个女孩是谁？
-She's Lucy's sister.她是露西的妹妹。
3.-Who's on duty today?今天谁值日？
-Han Mei is.是韩梅。
3)whose引导的特殊疑问句。
1.-Whose is this knife?这把刀是谁的？
-It's his.是他的。
2.-Whose coats are these?这是谁的上衣？
-They are theirs.是他们的。
4)which引导的特殊疑问句。
1.-Which food do you like?你喜欢哪种食物？
-I like eggs and meat.我喜欢蛋和肉。
2.-Which man?哪位男士？
-The one in the white car.在白色小汽车里面的那一位。
5)where引导的特殊疑问句。
1.-Where's Jim?吉姆在哪儿？
-He's at home.他在家里。
2.-Where're Lucy's books?露西的书在哪里？
-They are in her bag.在她的书包里。
6)how引导的特殊疑问句。
1.-How are you?你好吗？
-I'm fine,thank you.我很好，谢谢。
2.-How do you do?您好！
-How do you do?您好！
3.-How do you spell it?它是如何拼写的？
-B-double O-K.B，O，O，K。
4.-How old are you?你几岁了？
-I'm ten.我十岁。
5.-How many birds can you see in the picture?你在图画中能看到多少只鸟？
-I can see five.我能看见5只。
初一英语语法易错知识点归类例析
[误] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――No， I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――Yes， I am.
[析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No，这取决于实际情况：如果事实是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”；如果事实是否定的，就用No表“是的”。
第一类] 名词类
1. 这些女老师们在干什么？
[误] What are the woman teachers doing？
[正] What are the women teachers doing？
[析] 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词（单或复数形式）时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式；但当man，woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men，women.
2. 房间里有多少人？
[误] How many peoples are there in the room？
[正] How many people are there in the room？
[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。
3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a / an或数词 +表量的可数名词 + of + 不可数名词”这一结构， 其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。
[第二类] 动词类
4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学？
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school？
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school？
[析] 借助助动词do（或does）构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。
5. 琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening，but this evening she watching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening，but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到了两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和often，usually，sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时由be（am / is / are） + ving形式构成。
6 这双鞋是红色的。
[误] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair（表计量）修饰时，谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类] 代词类
7. 这张票是她的，不是我的。
[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8. 吴老师教我们英语。
[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语，因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。
[第四类] 介词类
9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗？
[误] Can you find the answer of this question？
[正] Can you find the answer to this question？
[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door，the way to the zoo等。
10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in；而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on.
11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。
[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.