英文总结

时间:2024.4.20

afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事

agree to do sth. 同意做某事 long to do sth. 渴望做某事

arrange to do sth.安排做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

ask to do sth. 要求做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事

beg to do sth. 请求做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事

care to do sth. 想要做某事 off pretend to do sth. 假装做某事

choose to do sth. 决定做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事

decide to do sth. 决定做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

demand to do sth. 要求做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事do sth. 主动提出

determine to do sth. 决心做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事

expect to do sth. 期待做某事

fear to do sth. 害怕做某事

help to do sth. 帮助做某事

plan to do sth. 计划做某事

wish to do sth. 希望做某事

注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接

动名词:

aim to do sth. 打算做某事

乘车的词组: by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、丰富的) little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 属不可数名词专用另外一些词(词组)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the re st of, plenty of等既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词。有些形容词本身就具有“比?。年长”、“ 比?。。优越”等含义,因此也就没有比较级和最高级。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。这些形容词往往和to连用,而不和than连用。

有些形容词本身就具备“最、极”的含义,所以就没有最高级和比较级。如:absolute(绝对的), unique(独一无二的), infinite(无限的), round(圆的), right(对的), correct(正确的), wrong(错误的), perfect(完美的),这类形容词往往被称为绝对形容词对于most来讲,除了构成某些词最高级外,most的用法有几点需要注意,经常成为改错题的考点:

1. 当most表示大多数时,之前不加the, 并且有两种形式来表示大多数,分别为:

most + 名词,如:most people, most Indian tribes; most + of + 限定词 + 名词或代词,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists

2. most有时意思等同于very, 此时most之前用不定冠词,如:a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal 程度副词still修饰比较级more时,应置于其前几点参考规则:

1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如:

She sings very well.考试大在线考试中心

I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now.

I met just now your uncle (错)

2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如:

These two are only slightly different.

right after this, very smoothly

当然,副词enough是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如:

I am not good enough to do this job. (对)

I am not enough good to do this job. (错)

3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be动词之后,如:

He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(实意动词) tennis.

语 He is always here at 8’clock. (be动词之后) 4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如: only, even, still, perhaps, etc. 容易混淆的词 hard (努力,副词) -hardly (几乎不,副词) close (接近,形容词) -closely(接近,副词) near (接近,形容词) -nearly (几乎,副词), nearby (adj.邻近的) most (大多数的,形容词) -mostly(主要地,大部分 副词) late (迟、晚,形容词) -lately (最近,副词),later(adv.稍后的) high (高的,形容词) -highly (adv. 非常,大大的) 另外: friendly(友好的), lovely(可爱的、有趣的),尽管词尾有ly, 但是都是形容词作主语:不定式短语可作主

如:To see is to believe (百闻不如一见)

To work hard should be your major concern.

注意:由于英文不习惯句子主语过长,不定式主语常被形式主语it所代替(详见第十七章)

例如上面第二句可以变为: It should be your major concern to work hard. 又如: It is very nice of you to help me

不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如:something to read, nothing to do, anything to declare,a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc. 由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加上相搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June 独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致

如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格)

对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:

Filling his mouth with英语三级语法辅导之常见介词及词组的用法

一、介词to的常见用法

1.动词+to

a)动词+ to考试大在线考试中心

adjust to适应a,ttend to处理;照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达?,belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为?干杯,get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考;指的是?;涉及, reply to回答, see to负责, stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。

b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.

announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.

add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to

be alive to觉察;晓得, be attentive to注意;留心, be awake to知晓, be blind to缺乏眼光, be close to紧挨着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to违反;反对, be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意听, equal to有?的力量, be exposed to暴露;遭受, be fair to对?公平, be familiar to对某人来说熟悉, be grateful to对某人心存感激, be good to对?有好处, be harmful to对?有危害, be important to对?重要, be kind to友好对待, be known to周知于, be married to嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to靠近, be necessary to对?有必要, be opposite to在对面, be opposed to反对, be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to专属, be polite to礼貌待人, be rude to粗暴对待, be relative to与?有关, be strange to不习惯, be similar to类似, be suitable to适合, be true to忠实, be thankful to感激, be useful to对?

有用, be used to习惯。

3.to+名词构成的词组

to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to one‘s feet跳起来,to one’s mind照?看来, to one‘s surprise使?吃惊,to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地

二、at的常见用法 at构成的词组比较多,要细心区分。

1.动词+ at来源:考试大

arrive at抵达,call at访问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住, come at攻击, fire at向?开火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧伤,knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对?高兴,smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝?射击, stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖,wonder at吃惊,work at工作。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at

be angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对?保持警觉,be astonished at对?吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delighted at高兴,be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对?失望,be good at擅长, be impatient at对?不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对?感到高兴, be present at出席, be satisfied at满意,be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对?非常震惊,be terrified at受到?的恐吓,be quick at对?很机敏。

3.at+名词构成的词组

at a distance在一定距离,at a loss不知所措, at a time一次,at all一点也不,at any cost不惜一切代价,at best最好也只是,at first起初,at hand手头,at heart在内心里,at home在家;无拘束,at last最后,at least至少,at most最多,at once马上,at present目前。

三、介词on的常见用法

on的用法比较重要,本文介绍它的一些常见用法:

1.动词+on

a)动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组

act on对?有作用, bring on促使;导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以?为生,figure on料想;推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以?为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通(电源), take to喜欢;养成;轻易学会,turn on接通(电源), work on操作, wait on侍候。

b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)

base on以?为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。

2.be+形容词+on的词组

be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对?印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对?严格。

3.on+名词构成的词组

on board乘(车,飞机),on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行,on guard在岗,on hire雇用,on holiday度假

四、介词in的常见用法

1.动词+in

a)动词+ in

believe in信任, break in碎成,bring in引起;产生;带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起;订阅, turn in归还当局。

b)动词+sb./time/money+ in

help sb. in帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。

2. be +形容词+ in

be active in活跃于,be absorbed in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in穿着, be disappointed in对?失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在?有经验, be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be excellent in在?优秀,be interested in对?有兴趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in迟缓, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in严于, be weak in弱于。

3. in +名词

in advance提前,in all总共,in balance总而言之,in bed卧床,in body亲自,in brief简明扼要,in case万一, in charge主管,in danger有危险, in debt负债, in despair失望,in force大量地;有效,in full全部地, in flower开花,in general一般说来,in itself本身, in love恋爱, in order井然有序, in person亲自,in public公开地, in progress有进展, in practice从实践上看, in rags穿着破衣,in research探索, in return作为报答,in ruins一片废墟,in short总之,in theory从理论上看, in trouble有麻烦, in tears眼泪汪汪,in time及时, in turn按顺序, in vain白白地,in view看得见。

五、介词from的常见用法

from的用法可不能小瞧,你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。

1.动词+from

a)动词+ from

come from来自,date from追溯, depart from违背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自?跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回,rise from自?冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。

b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place

borrow from向?借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受?之害, receive from收到,remove from移动;除去, save from保全;拯救, separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。

2. be +形容词+ from

be absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用?制成, be tired from因?而疲倦。

3.from?to?

from bad to worse每况愈下,from beginning to end自始至终,from cover to cover从头到尾,from China to Peru到处,from day to day一天一天地,from door to door挨家挨户,from end to end从头至尾,from first to last自始至终,from hand to mouth勉强糊家,from head to foot从头到脚,from mouth to mouth广泛流传,from sun to sun从日出到日落,from start to finish从头开始,from top to toe从头到脚,from time to time不时地,from top to bottom彻底地。 water, he couldn’t utter a word. 在TOEFL考试中,经常混淆反身代词的写法,结尾的-self和-selves经常故意写错

反身代词的用法

可以用来做宾语: He hurt himself when he fell.

可以用来做表语: He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服)反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调, 表示“亲自”的意思 I myself do it. I do it myself. They made the research themselves. 一

1.动词+to

a)动词+ to考试大在线考试中心

adjust to适应a,ttend to处理;照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达?,belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为?干杯,get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考;指的是?;涉及, reply to回答, see to负责, stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。

b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.

announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈, talk

to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.

add to增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给,reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to

be alive to觉察;晓得, be attentive to注意;留心, be awake to知晓, be blind to缺乏眼光, be close to紧挨着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to违反;反对, be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意听, equal to有?的力量, be exposed to暴露;遭受, be fair to对?公平, be familiar to对某人来说熟悉, be grateful to对某人心存感激, be good to对?有好处, be harmful to对?有危害, be important to对?重要, be kind to友好对待, be known to周知于, be married to嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to靠近, be necessary to对?有必要, be opposite to在对面, be opposed to反对, be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to专属, be polite to礼貌待人, be rude to粗暴对待, be relative to与?有关, be strange to不习惯, be similar to类似, be suitable to适合, be true to忠实, be thankful to感激, be useful to对?有用, be used to习惯。

3.to+名词构成的词组

to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止,to one‘s feet跳起来,to one’s mind照?看来, to one‘s surprise使?吃惊,to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地

二、at的常见用法 at构成的词组比较多,要细心区分。

1.动词+ at来源:考试大

arrive at抵达,call at访问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住, come at攻击, fire at向?开火,glance at瞟一眼, glare at怒目而视, grieve at忧伤,knock at敲,laugh at嘲笑, look at看一眼, pull at拉扯, rejoice at对?高兴,smile at向某人微笑, shoot at朝?射击, stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向, tear at撕, tremble at颤抖,wonder at吃惊,work at工作。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at

be angry at恼怒于, be alarmed at对?保持警觉,be astonished at对?吃惊, be bad at不擅长, be clever at对某事很灵巧,be delighted at高兴,be disgusted at厌恶, be disappointed at对?失望,be good at擅长, be impatient at对?不够耐心, be mad at狂热于,be pleased at对?感到高兴, be present at出席, be satisfied at满意,be surprised at吃惊, be shocked at对?非常震惊,be terrified at受到?的恐吓,be quick at对?很机敏。

3.at+名词构成的词组

at a distance在一定距离,at a loss不知所措, at a time一次,at all一点也不,at any cost不惜一切代价,at best最好也只是,at first起初,at hand手头,at heart在内心里,at home在家;无拘束,at last最后,at least至少,at most最多,at once马上,at present目前。

三、介词on的常见用法

on的用法比较重要,本文介绍它的一些常见用法:

1.动词+on

a)动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组

act on对?有作用, bring on促使;导致, call on拜访某人,count on依赖, carry on执行,depend on取决, feed on以?为生,figure on料想;推断, go on继续,have on穿着, insist on坚持,keep on继续, lean on依赖, live on以?为生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通(电源), take to喜欢;养成;轻易学会,turn on接通(电源), work on操作, wait on侍候。

b)动词+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)

base on以?为基础, congratulate on恭贺, fix on固定, have mercy on怜悯,have pity on怜惜, keep watch on监视, spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。

2.be+形容词+on的词组

be dependent on依赖, be hard on对某人苛刻,be impressed on对?印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on对?严格。

3.on+名词构成的词组

on board乘(车,飞机),on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行,on guard在岗,on hire雇用,on holiday度假

四、介词in的常见用法

1.动词+in

a)动词+ in

believe in信任, break in碎成,bring in引起;产生;带来, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收获, hand in上缴, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in导致, share in共享,succeed in成功, take in卷起;订阅, turn in归还当局。

b)动词+sb./time/money+ in

help sb. in帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。

2. be +形容词+ in

be active in活跃于,be absorbed in专心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,be concerned in牵涉, be clothed in穿着, be disappointed in对?失望,be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在?有经验, be employed in任职于,be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的专家, be excellent in在?优秀,be interested in对?有兴趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,be slow in迟缓, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,be strict in严于, be weak in弱于。

3. in +名词

in advance提前,in all总共,in balance总而言之,in bed卧床,in body亲自,in brief简明扼要,in case万一, in charge主管,in danger有危险, in debt负债, in despair失望,in force大量地;有效,in full全部地, in flower开花,in general一般说来,in itself本身, in love恋爱, in order井然有序, in person亲自,in public公开地, in progress有进展, in practice从实践上看, in rags穿着破衣,in research探索, in return作为报答,in ruins一片废墟,in short总之,in theory从理论上看, in trouble有麻烦, in tears眼泪汪汪,in time及时, in turn按顺序, in vain白白地,in view看得见。

五、介词from的常见用法

from的用法可不能小瞧,你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。

1.动词+from

a)动词+ from

come from来自,date from追溯, depart from违背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自?跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回,rise from自?冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。

b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place

borrow from向?借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受?之害, receive from收到,remove from移动;除去, save from保全;拯救, separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。

2. be +形容词+ from

be absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用?制成, be tired from因?而疲倦。

3.from?to?

from bad to worse每况愈下,from beginning to end自始至终,from cover to cover从头到尾,from China to Peru到处,from day to day一天一天地,from door to door挨家挨户,from end to end从头至尾,from first to last自始至终,from hand to mouth勉强糊家,from head to foot从头到脚,from mouth to mouth广泛流传,from sun to sun从日出到日落,from start to finish从头开始,from top to toe从头到脚,from time to time不时地,from top to bottom彻底地。

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