1）对立法——先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，适用于有争议性的主题。

[1] When asked about..., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that …. But I think/view a bit differently.

[2] When it comes to ...., some people believe that…. Others argue/claim that the

opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but I tend to the former/latter.

[3] Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that..... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

2）现象法——引出要剖析的现象或者问题，然后评论。

[1] Recently the rise in the problem/phenomenon of ... has cause/aroused

public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.

[2] Recently the issue of the problem/phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus/into public attention.

[3] Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

3）观点法——开门见山，直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法。

[1] Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

[2] Now there is a(n) growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to....

[3] Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ....

[4] Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....

4）引用法——先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点！

[1] "Knowledge is power." This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.

[2] "Education is not complete with graduation." This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.

[3] "...." We often hear statements/words like those/this.

[4] We often hear such traditional complains as this "....".

5）比较法——通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。

[1] For years, ...had been viewed as .... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ..., people ....

[2] People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new idea.

6）故事法——先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。少用！

[1] Once in (a newspaper), I read of/learnt..... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. [2] I have a friend who ... Should he ....? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life.

[3] Once upon a time, there lived a man who .... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.

第二篇：英语作文开头与结尾的句型

英语作文开头与结尾的句型

文章开头句型

I.对立法: 文章开头首先引出人们对要讨论问题的不同看法，然后提出自己的不同看法，或偏向的那个看法。此类句型多用于有争议的主题。

1. When asked about…, the vast/overwhelming majority

of/most/many/quite a few

people say/think/believe/answer that… .But other people

regard/view/see/think of…as… . I think/view quite/a bit differently When asked what kind of career they will purse upon graduation, most of college students say that they would choose a job which will bring them a lot of money and a comfortable life. Working in a big bank or company is what they desire. But I think quite differently. I would prefer a career that will help realize my potentials.

2. When it comes to…, some people think / believe that… Others argue / claim that the opposite

/ reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments / statements, but … .

3. There is a public / general / much debate / discussion/ controversy today / nowadays on / about/ over/ as to the problem/ issue of … . Those who criticize / oppose / object to … argue that … They believe that … . But people who advocate / favor …, on the other hand, maintain / assert that … .

There is much discussion today about whether fast economic

growth is desirable. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, and the possible negative effects of industry on the natural

environment. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people. They maintain that only continued growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life and provide the

financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.

II. 现象法： 对某种社会现象，倾向或社会问题进行剖析的文章往往在文章一开始首先引出这种现象或问题，然后评论。

1. Now in many big cities /countries/colleges, an overwhelming majority of/ a significant

proportion of/ a sizable percentage of the public/ college population/ people … . what

accounts for / explains/ lies behind the phenomenon/ problem ? Most people in China think the place for children is in school and most kids go there every day, as they should be. A significant

proportion, however, over 2 million children according to the 1995 census--- were not enrolled. What accounts for the phenomenon that occurs when the general standard of living has been raised?

2. Whenever you see (find)…, you cannot help being struck (surprised/ astonished/ disappointed/ impressed) by (at)…

Whenever we visit a terminally ill patient, we cannot help being struck by his eagerness to know the truth about his condition. He does not only suffer from his illness, but also from the anxiety about its potential outcome.

III. 观点法：文章开门见山， 直截了当提出作者对文章要讨论的问题的观点，也即文章的中心思想。

1. Never / Nowhere in the history/ the world/ China has the issue/ change/ idea of … . been

more/ as visible/ evident/ popular than/as… .

Nowhere in the world has the issue of birth control been more

evident than in China. The nation is faced with such serious situation as the one in which its population is increasing much faster than the supply of food and available resources.

1. It is about/ high time we exploded/shattered/ freed ourselves

from the myth/

illusion/ fiction

about

3. Perhaps/ Maybe we should/ it is time to rethink

reexamine/have a fresh look at the

idea/value/attitude that

IV. 引用法： 文章开头通过引用名人名言，谚语或有代表性的看法见解来引出文章要展开

讨论的一种观点。

1. “Knowledge is power”. Such is the opinion of / remark made by one of the great men. This

view/ remark has been shared/ confirmed by more and more people/ many historical events.

“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime

opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.

2. “… .” The same idea/ complains/ attitude is voiced/ echoed/ shared by… .

3. One of the great men/ writers/ philosophers/ scientists said/ wrote/ remarked that … . If this is

true/ the case, then the present/ current view/ value/ attitude/ situation should make us

wonder whether/ ponder over … .

V. 比较法：通过对过去与现在两种不同倾向，态度和观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的主题。

1. For years/ Until recently…had been / was seen/ viewed/ regarded as…. But that is changing

now/ people are taking a fresh look at it. With the growing/ mounting demand for/ interest

in/ concern over…, people… .

Until recently the general attitude toward day-dreaming remained hostile. Day-dreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was

considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at day-dreaming. They think it may contribute to intellectual growth and lead to the attainment of actual goals.

2. People used to think/ It was once thought that … . In the past/ old days … . But things are quite

different/ few people now share this view.

3. Historically/ Traditionally we tend to … . But most scientists/ researchers/ doctors have now

found that… .

VI. 问题法：此类句型主要用于讨论一个有争议性主题的文章。文章的开头用一个要讨论或解答的问题设问，可以一下激起读者的兴趣。

1. How do you (What do you / Do you ever) think of…? How do you (What do you / Do you ever) see…? Your answer to these questions will differ (reflect… / reveal…) but… .

How do we think of the heavy burden a student has to carry from kindergarten through graduate school? How do we measure success in education? How does education affect not only labor skills but the quality of life? In seeking answers to such questions, there is much room--- indeed necessity--- for consideration and robust debate.

2. “Why do (have) …?” Many people often ask (pose) the question like this.

文章结尾句型

I. 结论性：用于通过文章前面的讨论分析，引出文章的中心思想和论点。

1. In conclusion (summary) I would like to say (it seems obvious) that it is a question (issue / problem) that deserves (worthy of) special attention (serious consideration / immediate notice) from the public.

In conclusion I would like to say that change is a problem

confronting most of us today. The changes that have already taken place in every field of our life are irreversible. Continuation of the growth that has already began inevitable. During this evolution there are great rewards to be won—by those who are willing to take the opportunities being offered.

2. The precious (real / valuable / moral ) lesson to be learnt (drawn) from the story (thing) is….

The conclusion we can draw/arrive at/come is to…

II. 后果性: 本句型用语揭示如果所讨论的问题不能解决，或不采取某种行动的话，将会产生什么样的后果。

1. Any person (nation / society) who (which) ignores (is blind to /fails to learn) the lesson (warning) would pay a heavy price (come to no good end / end in failure/disaster/nothing)

2. We need to take a fresh (clear/second/clear-eyed) look at the problem (matter/ situation) from a wider standpoint (more

broadly/seriously / in a new perspective/an optimistic light), otherwise, we don’t come anywhere near understanding (achieving) … . We need to take a clear-eyed look at how we are bringing up our young boys and girls in this changed culture and society; otherwise, we won’t come anywhere near understanding the psychological dynamics that lead children to adopt a rebellious attitude toward parents and school authorities.

III. 方向性: 方向性句类似建议型句型，唯一的差别是方向性句型在结尾时对问题的解决提出一个总的、大体的努力方向或指明前景。

1. There is no easy (logical / quick/ immediate / effective) method (solution / approach /answer / remedy) to the (problem / question / issue) of … , but … might be useful (helpful / beneficial).

There is no easy, logical way out. No new method or solution is at hand to render our children immune from constantly repeated TV violence. But few watching hours and more constructive programs might be the first step in the right direction.

2. What will happen to … ? (How much change will take place

/Whether it is likely or not,) we don’t yet know for certain (no one can say exactly / precisely/ nobody really knows) what …, but one thing is certain /clear (the direction is clear).

How much change in marriage behavior has taken place during the last decade? Nobody really knows. But one thing is certain: attitudes towards marriage among those who have grown up after the cultural revolution-----those under 30 in other words---- are strikingly different from those of earlier generations.

3. It is clear (obvious / evident / apparent / no surprising), therefore, that the task of … , demands (requires / deserves / involves) great (immediate / considerable / serious/more) attention (efforts / emphasis / consideration).