TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS
-GRADE FOUR (SAMPLE SEVEN)-
TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN.
PART Ⅰ DICTATION [15 MIN.]
Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.
Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN.]
In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 1 to4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the conversation.
1. What had Chinese Americans been associated for many years in the United States?
A. Restaurants. B. Laundries. C. Gold. D. Both A and B.
2. When did the first Chinese reach the U.S.?
A. 1849 B. 1858 C. 1859 D. 1869
3. Where did the first Chinese arrive in the U.S.?
A. Massachusetts. B. Ohio. C. California. D. Virginia.
4. What is wrong about the first Chinese people to reach the U.S.?
A. They were so different from the others.
B. They patiently succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one.
C. They became the scapegoats of their angry competitors.
D. Their competitors were angry but not envious of them.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the conversation.
5. What is not one of the girl' s dreams?
A. Flying like a bird.
B. Going back in time and meet Marco Polo.
C. Winning the gold medal in the marathon at the Olympic Games.
D. Walking on the moon.
6. What kind of games has been introduced into video arcades nowadays?
A. Driving sports cars. B. Flying planes. C. Fighting an enemy. D. All of the above.
7. How can VR help children with their education?
A. They will learn geography by observing foreign countries without leaving their classroom.
B. They will learn every subject better.
C. They will have VR help them with their homework.
D. Playing VR games will be more exciting than ever.
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15
seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the conversation.
8. Why didn't the boy ride on anything in the theme park mentioned in the beginning of the conversation?
A. He hash't been to the theme park.
B. He felt too scared.
C. He doesn't like these things.
D. He has heart disease.
9. What's the name of the most exciting ride according to the girl?
A. Supreme Scream tower. B. Scream Supreme tower.
C. Supreme tower. D. Scream tower.
10. What is the height from the top of the tower to the ground?
A. 100 B.104 C.114 D,124
SECTION B PASSAGES
In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the passage.
11. Why did most early societies grow up near a sufficient supply of wood?
A. Because wood was safer than coal.
B. Because wood burned longer than coal.
C. Because there was more wood than coal.
D. Because they used wood as primary source energy.
12. When did the first major energy transition take place?
A. Before 1800.
B. During the 18th century.
C. During the early 1800s.
D. Towards the end of the 18th century.
13. Why was coal preferred to wood as a basic source of energy?
A. People found it harder to get a job.
B. People had to live near a source of energy.
C. A lot of wood was shipped to faraway places.
D. Industry developed and people's living standard went up.
14. What happened as a result of the transition from wood to coal?
A. People found it harder to get a job.
B. People had to live near a source of energy.
C. A lot of wood was shipped to faraway places.
D. Industry developed and people' s living standard went up.
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the passage.
15. What is the general topic of the lecture?
A. On housing. B. On economy. C. On marketing. D. On choice of resources.
16. Why can't we provide as many houses as needed?
A. Because we cannot make the choice.
B. Because we do not have enough resources.
C. Because we do not have a free housing market.
D. Because education is more important than housing.
17. According to the lecture by whom are the choices generally made?
A. By the government only.
B. Through the market only.
C. By the government and through the market.
D. By government officials and economists.
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the passage.
18. Why do we know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago?
A. Because there was nothing worth being written down at that time.
B. Because the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record.
C. Because the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire.
D. Because the people there had not known how to write.
19. If we say "remembered history", what does that mean?
A. History based on a person's imagination.
B. Stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth.
C. Songs and dances about the most important events.
D. Both B and C.
20. In what way could we have learned much more about our past than we do now?
A. If our ancestors had kept a written record of every past event.
B. If our ancestors had not burnt their written records in wars.
C. If our ancestors had told exact stories of the most important happenings.
D. If our ancestors had made more songs and dances.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Questions 21-22 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.
21. The president asked for nearly______ dollars over______ years for debt-relief
A. 1 billion, 3 B. 1 billion, 4 C. 2 billions, 3 D.2 billions, 4
22. The 70-billion-dollar debt owed by the world's poorest countries was borrowed from______.
A. leading industrialized countries
B. the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund
C. the United States
D. the United States, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund
Questions 23 - 24 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news.
23. How many people were killed in the bombing altogether?
A. 22 B. 23 C. 24 D.25
24. Mrs. Kumaratuxiga came to London______.
A. for a holiday. B. for further medical treatment
C. for refuge. D. for political support.
Questions 25～26 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news.
25. Student demonstrators demanded______.
A. the president's resignation B. early elections
C. free elections D. severe punishment for corrupted officials
26. Belgrade police______.
A. clashed with demonstrators of opposition parties
B. stopped student demonstrators with cordons
C. blocked demonstrators from approaching the president
D. kept all the demonstrators away from the Parliament
Questions 27～30 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news.
27. The UN commission of inquiry on East Timor has found evidence that______.
A. UN forces killed and buried civilians
B. many people were forced to join the militia groups
C. military groups were involved in the violence
D. more than 150 people were murdered in Dili
28. The commission of inquiry consists of______ experts.
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
29. The UN commission thinks______.
A. a war crimes tribunal should be established
B. there is no need to establish a war crimes tribunal
C. the atrocities would continue if the criminals were not punished
D. the inquiry should continue
30. The report made by the commission of inquiry will be submitted to______ by the end of the year.
A. UN human rights official B. UN Secretary-General
C. the Security Council D. UN Congress
PART Ⅲ CLOZE [15 MIN.]
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.
In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around the earth. An (31)______7% did not know which revolved around (32)______.I have no doubt that(33)______all of these people were taught in school that the earth revolves around the sun; (34)______may even have written it(35)______a test. But they never (36)______ their incorrect mental models of planetry (行星的) (37)______ because their everyday observations didn't support(38)______their teachers told them: People see the sun "moving" (39)______the sky as morning turns (40) night, and the earth seems stationary (静止的)
(41)______that is happening.
Students can learn the right answers(42)______heart in class, and yet never combined them(43)______their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor gives and the(44)______personal understanding of the world can(45)______side by side, each unaffected by (46)______
Outside of class, the student continues to use the (47)______ model because it has always worked well(48)______that circumstance. Unless professors address(49)______errors in students' personal models of the world, students are not (50)______to replace them with the correct one.
31. A. additional B. exceptional
C. another D. other
32. A. what B. which C. that D. other
33. A. virtually B. remarkably
C. ideally D. preferably
34. A. those B. these C. who D. they
35. A. on B. with C. under D. for
36. A. gave up B. altered C. doubted D. set up
37. A. operation B. position
C. motion D. location
38. A. how B. which C. that D. what
39. A. around B. across C. on D. above
40. A. from B. towards C. on D. to
41. A. since B. so C. while D. for
42. A. to B. by C. in D. with
43. A. with B. into C. to D. along
44. A. adult's B. teacher's
C. scientist's D. student's
45. A. exist B. occur
C. survive D. maintain
46. A. another B. each C. the other D. others
47. A. correct B. personal
C. private D. objective
48. A. in B. with C. on D. for
49. A. general B. natural C. similar D. specific
50. A. obliged B. likely C. probable D. partial
PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY [15 MIN.]
There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
51. After seemed an endless wait______, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager' s office.
A. that B. there C. what D. it
52. I've never been to Lansa, but that's the city______.
A. I' d most like to visit B. that I like to visit mostly
C. where I like to visit D. I' d like much to visit
53. Although Asian countries are generally more______ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India.
A. conservative B. confidential C. comprehensive D. consistent
54.______ neglecting our education, my father sent my brother and me to a summer school.
A. Accused of B. Accusing of C. That he was accused of D. To be accused of
55. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it______ before the West was settled.
A. could B. was C. would D. did
56. The people at the party were worried about Susan because no one was aware______ she had gone.
A. where that B. of where C. the place where D. the place
57. The leaders insisted on their ______as ordinary people.
A. treating B. be treated C. being treated D. having treated
58. The ability to store knowledge makes computers different from every other machine______ invented.
A. ever B. thus C. yet D. as
59. A writer has to ______imagination as well as his experiences for his writing.
A. draw back from B. draw in C. draw up D. draw on
60. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ______by the police each time.
A. had been captured B. being always captured
C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured
61. Ants food for the winter.
A. take up B. put up C. hold up D. store up
62. The morning class ______over, students rushed out of the classroom for lunch.
A. was B. is C. having been D. being
63. I can't ______what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.
A. figure out B. draw out C. look out D. work out
64. Professor Johnson is said some significance ______advance in his research in the past year.
A. having made B. making C. to have made D. to make
65. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ______the expenses of the trip.
A. to B. about C. in D. for
66. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women______ this field is climbing.
A. engaging B. devoting C. registering D. pursuing
67. As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had ______to ask my boss.
A. many B. most C. much D. more
68. ______ for you help, we' d never have been able to get over the difficulties.
A. Had it not been B. If it were not C. Had it not D. If we had not been
69. He was such a genius that he almost ______everything he did.
A. excelled in B. excelled over C. excelled about D. excelled on
70. Most trains______ long distances have a dining car and a club car where refreshments are served.
A. to go B. to be going C. that goes D. going
71. The ratio of the work done by the machine ______the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.
A. against B. with C. to D. for
72. The remarkable______ of life on the Galapagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.
A. classification B. variety C. density D. diversion
73. The report found nothing in his muddied ______to merit prosecuting anyone.
A. treasure B. money C. finances D. incomes
74. The republication of the poet's most recent works will certainly ______his national reputation.
A. enhance B. strengthen C. enlarge D. magnify
75. The residents, ______ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all their homes B. all whose homes C. all of whose homes D. all of their homes
76. Poverty is not______ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.
A. rare B. temporary C. prevalent D. segmental
77. People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in______ populated areas.
A. densely B. intensely C. abundantly D. highly
78. As a way of the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.
A. picking up B. coping with C. passing out D. getting across
79. Tom's mother tried hard to persuade him to______. from his intention to invest his savings in stock market.
A. pull out B. give up C. draw in D. back down
80. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical______, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.
A. interference B. interruption C. intervention D. interaction
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN.]
In this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
TEXT A
Questions 81 to 83 are based on the following passage.
I first became aware of the unemployment problem in 1928. At that time I had just come back from Burma, where unemployment was only a word, and I had gone to Burma when I was still a boy and the post-war boom was not quite over. When I first saw unemployed men at close quarters, the thing that horrified and amazed me was to find that many of them were ashamed of being unemployed. I was very ignorant, but not so ignorant as to imagine that when the loss of foreign markets pushes two million men out of work, those two million are any more to blame than the people who draw blanks in the Calcutta Sweep. But at that time nobody cared to admit that unemployment was inevitable, because this meant admitting that it would probably continue. The middle classes were still talking about" lazy idle loafers on the dole" and saying that" these men could all find work if they wanted to", and naturally these opinions spread among the working class themselves. I remember the shock of astonishment it gave me, when I first mingled with tramps and beggars, to find that a fair proportion, perhaps a quarter, of these beings whom I had been taught to regard as cynical parasites, were decent young miners and cotton workers gazing at their destiny with the same sort of dumb amazement as an animal in a trap. They simply could not understand what was happening to them. They had been brought up to work, and behold! It seemed as if they were never going to have the chance of working again. In their circumstances it was inevitable, at first, that they should be haunted by a feeling of personal degradation. That was the attitude towards unemployment in those days: it was a disaster that happened to you as an individual and for which you were to blame.
81. Why did any of the unemployed feel ashamed of their condition?
A. They imagined they were to blame for being out of work.
B. They had to live no the unemployment benefits.
C. They should have been working instead of doing nothing.
D. They had to admit that unemployment would probably continue.
82. The passage suggests that about a quarter of the tramps and beggars the author met were______.
A. cynical parasites B. like animals in a trap
C. once good at mining D. young people
83. According to the passage, the author' s attitude to unemployment is that______.
A. the individuals were to blame B. the loss of overseas trade was to blame
C. the unemployed cannot understand why D. it was not the individual' s fault
TEXT B
Questions 84 to 86 are based on the following passage.
California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, short of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another.
People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distances.
Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles.
California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow,
salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12, 020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all; they are dried-up lake beds.
In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.
84. Where is the highest point in the United States located?
A. Lake Tahoe B. Sierra Nevada C. Mount Whitney. D. Alaska
85. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?
A. About 3 miles B. Only 100 miles. C. 282 feet. D. 14, 494 feet.
86. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?
A. The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.
B. It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.
C. Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about I00 miles.
D. Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.
TEXT C
Questions 87 to 89 are based on the following passage.
The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone' s experience in the organization.
Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, Coca-Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he' s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concluded that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won' t secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.
Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you' 11 get ahead --that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She adds," Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they' ye gotten ahead because
of their sex or color that they play down their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.
87. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to______.
A. let your superiors know how good you are
B. project a favorable image to the people around you
C. work as a consultant to your superiors
D. perform well your tasks given by your superiors
88. The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they______.
A. know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion
B. want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs
C. don' t want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color
D. believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color
89. The best title for this passage would be______.
A. Role of Women and Minorities in Management
B. The Importance of Being Visible
C. Job Performance and Advancement
D. Sex and Career Success
TEXT D
Questions 90 to 91 are based on the following passage.
More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third-floor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.
Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver' s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.
However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.
90. Wearing a seat belt in a vehicle______.
A. reduces road accidents by more than half
B. saves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hour
C. reduces the death rate in traffic accidents
D. saves more than 15,000 lives each year
91. According to the text, which of the following people riding in the front does not have to wear a seat belt?
A. Someone who is backing into a parking space.
B. Someone who is picking up the children from the local school.
C. Someone who is delivering invitation letters.
D. Someone who is under 14.
TEXT E
Questions 92 to 95 are based on the following passage.
That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one' s memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting
survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (outpu0. Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
92. From the evolutionary point of view, ______.
A. forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously in adaptive.
B. if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive
C. the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual' s adaptability
D. sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences
93. According to the passage, if a person never forgot,______.
A. he would survive best
B. his ability to learn would be enhanced
C. he would have a lot of trouble
D. the evolution of memory would stop
94. From the last paragraph we know that______.
A. forgetfulness is a response to learning
B. the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output system
C. memory is a compensation for forgetting
D. the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs
95. In this article, the author tries to interpret the function of______.
A. remembering B. forgetting C. adapting D. experiencing
TEXT F
Questions 96 to 100 are based on the following passage.
In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the Internet. Books, compact discs, and even stocks were available from World Wide Web Sites that seemed to spring up almost daily. A few years earlier, some people had predicted that consumers accustomed to shopping in stores would be reluctant to buy things that they could not see or touch in person. For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient alternative to driving to the store.
A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers would purchase $7.3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier, owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal.
For all the consumers' interest, retailing in cyberspace was still a largely unprofitable business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon.com, which began selling books in 1995 and later branched into recorded music and videos, posted revenue of $153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $37.9 million in the same period of 1997. Overall, however, the company' s loss widened to $45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to mm a profit until 2001. Despite the great loss, Amazon.com had a stock market value of many billions, reflecting investors' optimism about the future of the industry.
Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided an efficient means for reaching millions of
consumers without having the cost of operating conventional stores with their armies of salespeople. Selling online carded its own risks, however. With so many companies competing for consumers' attention, price competition was intense and profit margins were thin or nonexistent. One video retailer sold the hit movie Titanic for $9.99, undercutting(削价) the $19.99 suggested retail price and losing about $6 on each copy sold With Internet retailing still in its initial stage, companies seemed willing to absorb such losses in an attempt to establish a dominant market position.
96. According to the writer, which of the following is true?
A. Consumers are reluctant to buy things on the Internet.
B. Consumers are too busy to buy things on the Internet.
C. More and more consumers prefer Internet shopping.
D. Internet retailing is a profitable business.
97. Finding a bargain on the Internet was getting easier partly because______.
A. there were more and more online auctions
B. there were more and more Internet users
C. the consumers had more money to spend
D. there were more goods available on the Internet
98. "For all the consumer interest" ( Para, 3 ) means______.
A. to the interest of all the consumers
B. for the interest of all the consumers
C. all the consumers are much interested
D. though consumers are very much interested
99. It can be inferred from the passage that Amazon.com______.
A. is making a profit now
B. will probably make a profit in 2001
C. is a company that sells books only
D. suffers a great loss on the stock market
100. Investors are interested in Internet retailing because______.
A. selling online involves little risk
B. Internet retailing is in its initial stage
C. they can make huge profits from it
D. it can easily reach millions of consumers
PART Ⅵ WRITING [45 MIN.]
SECTION A COMPOSITION [35 MIN.]
Write on your ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
Automated Collection Bus: a Success or a Failure?
You are to write in three parts: In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement. In the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
SECTIONB NOT E --WRITING [10 MIN.]
Write in your ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words to a friend of yours based on the following given situation: You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman. Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.
英语专业四级考试试卷(七)
答案、解析及录音原文
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. D
7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A
14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. D
20. A 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. D
27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. A
34. D 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. B 40.
D 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. A 46. C
47. B 48. A 49. D 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. A 54. A
55. D 56. B 57. C 58. A 59. D 60. C
61. D 62. D 63. A 64. C 65. A 66. D 67.
C 68. A 69. A 70. D 71. C 72. B 73. C
74. A 75. C 76. C 77. A 78. B 79. D 80.
C 81. C 82. D 83. D 84. D 85. B 86. C
87. A 88. C 89. B 90. C 91. A 92. D 93. B
94. A 95. B 96. C 97. A 98. D 99. B 100. D
PART Ⅰ Dictation
A sick or injured person can obtain medical care in several different places./These include provider practices such as medical offices and clinics, hospitals and nursing homes./There are about 200,000 medical offices, clinics, and other provider practices in the United States./Earlier in the 20th century most physicians were single people working in their own offices or in partnership with another doctor./Patients visited the office, received an examination or other service, and paid a fee./This traditional fee-for-service medicine has been declining./Many physicians now practice in groups where they share the same offices and equipment with other doctors./Group practices may combine primary care physicians, several kinds of specialists, laboratories, and equipment for diagnosing disease./Physicians who practice in a group reduce their own expenses and provide patients with a wider range of services./Many doctors are joining with hospitals, insurance companies,/and industrial employers to provide managed care for groups of patients./These plans manage to avoid unnecessary services and reduce costs./
PART II Listening Comprehension
Section A CONVERSATIONS
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following conversation.
M: Good morning, Professor Zhou. Welcome to our program.
F: Good morning.
M: As a Professor in history and also a Chinese American yourself, can you use a word to describe the history of
Chinese Americans?
F: Bitter. You know for many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with
restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that faced them in this country.
M: But why? I remember the first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of the other people there, they had come to search for gold, hadn't they?
F: Yes, they had. In that largely unoccupied land, the men staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in
the ground. However, either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors.
M: So they were harassed in many ways? Were they prevented from working their claims, or were there any regulations forbidding them to their claims?
F: Both. The Chinese therefore started to seek out other ways of earning a living.
M: Like doing the laundry or setting up small restaurants?
F: Yes. There were almost no women in California in those days, and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this woman's work.
Some went to work as farmhands or as fishermen.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation.
M: Do you have any dream that seems impossible to realize?
F: Hm, ever since I was a little girl, I have wanted to fly like a bird; I'd like to go back in time and meet Marco Polo; I'd also like to win the gold medal in the marathon at the Olympic Games.
M: You've got so many of them! But soon all of these dreams will come true, thanks to the magic of Virtual Reality.
F: What is Virtual Reality?
M: Virtual Reality, or VR, is a computer system with a special head-set. When you put on the head-set ,your mind will see the image as one picture.
F: Is it like when we play a game in a video arcade today?
M: Much more fascinating. In the future, when you play a VR game, you will be right inside that world, just as in real life.
F: Sounds interesting. Have these games been introduced into video arcades nowadays?
M: Only some of them. They enable you to drive a sports car, fly a plane, or fight an enemy. They are similar to present arcade games, but much more realistic. And as the technology develops, the games will become more and more amazing.
F: So you mean we would have more fun in playing computer games?
M: Yes. However, VR is not just for entertainment. One day, children will learn geography by observing foreign countries without leaving their classroom. Cars will be designed and tested as "virtual" machines first, before they are manufactured in metal. Architects will be able to build "virtual" buildings which they can walk around and inspect, before building them. VR can help us in hundreds of ways.
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation.
M: Hey, Amy! How's your weekend?
F: It's terrific! I've been to the theme park on Knotts Berry Farm.
M: Really? I've been to there once, but I felt too scared to ride on anything.
F: You should have tried at least once. I think Supreme Scream tower was the most exciting one. It hoists riders 104 meters upwards and then plummets them back to earth in just three seconds at a speed topping 100 kilometers an hour.
M: Didn't you feel afraid?
F: When I was buckling myself into my seat at the start, the ride didn't seem so frightening. But once you were hoisted steadily skywards and were brought to a halt at the peak of the ride, you definitely would feel upset. M: And then? What happened next?
F: Although the wait was only about 10 seconds it seemed an eternity since you know the only way out of this situation is straight down, and in a hurry. But I must say the view is superb from up there some people said it is the best in Orange County. But you won't have time for scenic snapshot.
Section B PASSAGES
Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage.
Most industrialized nations have gone through two major energy transitions. By energy transition we mean a change from one major source of energy to another.
The first major energy transition was from wood to coal. For many centuries people used wood as a primary source of energy. By burning wood people were able to heat their homes, cook their food, and produce basic items. Most early societies grew up near a sufficient supply of wood. The main advantage of wood was that it was easy to get and easy to bum.
During the early 1800's, some towns and villages began to make a transition from wood to coal as a basic source of energy, because they found that coal generally burns longer and at a higher temperature than wood, and a long-burning and hot-burning fuel was badly needed for the machines that were being used at that time. Another advantage of coal was that there was a lot of it and it was also easy to get. Besides, it could be easily shipped to faraway places.
As a result of the transition from wood to coal, industry developed very rapidly. People were able to get more things and their standard of living went up.
The second major energy transition was from coal to oil. We'll discuss it next week.
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage.
It may be true, and we have to recognize obviously, that the population is badly housed and that we need more housing. However, housing uses up our scarce resources. It is pretty meaningless, therefore, to talk about providing more housing without taking into account the alternative use of resources. To provide more housing, when you have scarce resources, also implies, perhaps, making a choice between housing and other things which we could provide. Now, therefore, it's a question of priority. This is the problem which is true in U.K. market and it's also true in any housing market. The decision to provide more housing would involve giving up something. The question, therefore, arises. To what extent is the housing the greater priority than, say, health care and education so we come to the problem about choice. How are choices to be made in any economy, concerning how much housing is going to be provided? Indeed, how are the choices going to be made in any economy about anything which is provided?.., and who is going to make that choice? Basically, choices about how resources are allocated in any economy boil down to two possible ways of solving this problem. You either have the choices made directly by the government, or, the choices are made indirectly through the market.
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write for example, we know a good deal about the people who lived in China some 4000 years ago, because they could write and leave written records fro those who lived after them. But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa, because they had not learned to write.
Sometimes, of course, even if the people cannot write, they may know something of the past. For most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past. This we may call "remembered history". Some of it has now been written down. It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history, because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing. But where there are no written records, such spoken stories are often very helpful.
Section C News Broadcasting
Questions 21～22 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA.
President Clinton says his administration is prepared to cancel all of the debt owed to the United States by the world' s poorest countries provided that the money saved is used to relieve poverty. The president announced the proposal in a speech to a joint meeting of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in Washington. Mr. Clinton said unsustainable debt is hindering development in many of the world' s poor countries. And he said the international community has a moral and economic imperative to do more to help debt-ridden nations. "Last week to make good on an America' s commitment I made it in my budget request to Congress and asked for nearly a billion dollars over 4 years for this purpose. We must keep adequate assistance flowing to the developing
countries, especially through the international development association" The president also urged leading industrialized nations to move ahead with a debt relief plan approved a few days ago. That plan would cancel as much as 70 billion dollars in debt owed by 40 of the world' s poorest nations.
Questions 23～24 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA
It' s almost 2 weeks since a suicide bomber tried to assassinate the president of Sri Lanka, at an election rally in Colombo. The president was injured in the head and face. 22 other people were blown to pieces, including the bomber herself. It is assumed that she belonged to the Tamil Tigers, the guerrillas who have been fighting for a separate state in the north and east of the island for more than 15 years. With shrapnel still in her skull and eye, Mrs. Kumaratunga went on to win a second term in presidential elections which took place last week. Then she came to London for further medical treatment.
Questions 25～26 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA.
Eaton-wielding police in Belgrade clashed with hundreds of student demonstrators trying to march to parliament to support demands for early elections. The student leaders say 50 people were injured as police intervened to keep the marchers away from the parliament. State-run television accused the students of provoking the officers. Opposition parties later staged a separate march, but police used cordons to block those demonstrators from marching to the assembly.
Questions 27～30 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA.
Meanwhile a UN commission of inquiry on East Timor says it has found clear evidence of military involvement in the violence that erupted after the Aug. 30 pro-independence referendum. Lisa Schlein in Geneva reports the commission has provided its initial findings to the top UN human rights official Mary Robinson.
The 5-member commission of inquiry has just completed the series of meetings to review the materials it gathered in East Timor. The panel of human rights experts recently spent 9 days in East Timor investigating allegations of human rights abuse. A United Nations official Tom McCarthy accompanied the group to East Timor. He calls the trip" very intense". He says the 5 experts were in the capital Dill when UN forces discovered the bodies of East Timorese who had been buried during the violence. He says the experts gathered evidence from more than 150 people during their visit. Mr. McCarthy says the UN experts saw for themselves the widespread destruction of property and interviewed many East Timorese who had been forced into exile by militiamen He says witnesses spoke of the terror that caused them to flee. He says the commission of inquiry heard testimony of the destruction of evidence including removal of bodies from the site of killings. The commission of inquiry on East Timor has to submit a report of its findings to UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan by the end of the year. The report will then go on to the Security Council. The commission says investigations into alleged atrocities should continue and those responsible for crime should be brought to justice However, the experts do not say whether they believe a war crimes tribunal similar to those for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda should be established. Lisa Schlein, for VOA News, Geneva.
1． [答案]D。原文中有“You know for many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries”一句。
2．[答案] A。原文中有“I remember the first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849”一句。
3．[答案]C。原文中有“I remember the first Chinese to each the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849”一句。
4．[答案]D。原文中有“However，either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they some times succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one，they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors．”一句。
5．[答案]D。原文中有“I have wanted to fly like a bird；I'd like to go back in time and meet Marco Polo；I'd also like to win the gold medal in the marathon at the Olympic Games”一句。
6．[答案]D。原文中有“They enable you to drive a sports car, fly a plane，or fight an enemy．”一句。
7．[答案]A。原文中有“One day, children will learn geography by observing foreign countries without leaving their classroom．”一句。
8．[答案]B。原文中有“I've been to there once，but I felt too scared to ride on anything”一句。 9，[答案]A。原文中有“I think Supreme Scream tower was the most exciting one”一句。
10．[答案]B。原文中有“It hoists riders 104 meters upwards...”一句。
11．[答案]D。原文中有“For many centuries people used wood as a primary source of energy．”一句。
12．[答案]C。原文中有“During the early 1800's，some towns and villages began to make a transition from wood to coal as a basic source of energy”一句。
13．[答案]A。原文中有“... because they found that coal generally burns longer and at a higher temperature than wood...” —句。
14. [答案]D。原文中有“As a result of the transition from wood to coal，industry developed very rapidly．People were able to get more things and their standard of living went up．”一句。
15．[答案]A。文章主要是围绕住房这一问题展开论述的。
16．[答案]B。原文中有“However，housing uses up our scarce resources．”一句。
17．[答案]C。原文中有“You either have the choices made directly by the government，or，the choices are made indirectly through the market．”一句。
18．[答案]D。原文中有“But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa， because they had not learned to write．”一句。
19，[答案]D。原文中有“Sometimes，of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past．”一句，可判断还可以通过其他的方式来记载历史。
20．[答案]A：从全文可以判断，虽然记载历史的方式有多种，但是书面记录是最有价值与最准确的。
21．[答案]B。原文中有“...and asked for nearly a billion dollars over 4 years for this purpose．”一句。
22．[答案]A。抓住句子“The president also urged leading...a few days ago．”分析得出。注意句子“The president announced the... Monetary Fund in Washington．”的干扰，它只是提到会议。
23．[答案]A。抓听住句子“The president was injured...，including the bomber herself．”注意总统本人没有被“killed”。
24．[答案]B。从句子“Then she came to London for further medical treatment．”得出B对。
25．[答案]B。听懂句子“Eaton-wielding police in Belgrade... parliament to support demands for early elections．”即可。
26．[答案]D。抓住句子“Eaton-wielding police in Belgrade... to support demands for early elections．”和“Opposition parties later staged a separate march，... from marching to the assembly．”分析得出。
27．[答案]C。从报道一开头“Meanwhile a UN commission of ... 30 pro-independence referendum．”得知C为正确答案。
28．[答案]A。抓听住句子“The 5- member commission of inquiry has just completed the series of meetings to review the materials it gathered in East Timor．”即可。
29．[答案]D。由句子“The commission says investigations into alleged atrocities should continue and...”得出D项正确。
30．[答案]B。抓听住句子"The commission of inquiry on East Timor has to submit a report of its findings to UN Secretary- General Kofi Annan by the end of the year．”即可。
31. [答案]A。根据上句，应指21%之外的另外一部分人。additional另外的，exceptional异常的，例外的。
32．[答案]B。根据上文中的“which”可知该处应选择“which”。
33．[答案]A。virtually 实际上，几乎。remarkably 显著地，惊人地。ideally 理想地。preferably 更为可取地，宁可。
34．[答案]D。根据上文中的分号，可知此处为并列关系，由“all of these people”推理出此处应选they。
35．[答案]A。on a test是固定搭配。
36．[答案]B。alter 表示从一种观念转换为另一种观念。
37．[答案]C。根据上文可知本文主要讨论的是太阳与地球哪者绕哪者运转的问题。所以C为正确答案。motion(物体的)运动：手势，眼色，动作：提议，动议。operation操作，运转，经营：手术；(军事)行动，活动。position位置，方位：地位，职位，职务：姿势，姿态：见解，立场。location位置，场所：(电影的)外景拍摄地。
38．[答案]D。通过分析可知要填人此处的词既作support一词的宾语，又作told的直接宾语，只有what符合这一要求。
39．[答案]B。四个选项中只有 cross可以与 the sky搭配。
40．[答案]D。morning turns to night 固定搭配，表示晨夜更替。
41．[答案]C。根据下文的that is happening 可推理出上文应选择一个表示动作持续一段时间的词，所以C为正确答案。
42．[答案]B。learn something by heart为固定搭配。例如：She has learned the poem by heart．她已经能背下这首诗了。
43．[答案]A。四个词中只有 with可以与 combine连用。
44．[答案]D。由and一词可知该词前后为并列成分，根据professor可知此处应选择 student's。
45．[答案]A。根据下文的“side by side，each unaffected by the other”，可知此处应选择exist。exist 存在，生存。occur发生，出现，存在：(to)被想起，被想到。survive 活下来，幸存，继续存在。maintain维持，保持：维修，保养。
46．[答案]C。两者这间，应该用the other。
47．[答案]B。personal 在此最恰当，指个人观点。private私人的，objective客观的。
48．[答案]A。在这里，能与circumstance 搭配的只有介词 in。
49．[答案]D。specific明确的，具体的：特定的，特有的。general 总的，普遍的：一般的，普通的。similar 相似的，相同的。natural 自然的。根据上文中的“personal models”以及“unless”可知D为正确答案。
50．[答案]B。be likely to do something可能会做某事：be obliged to do something被迫做某事。be partial to偏袒...。
51．[答案]C。介词after后跟名词性what-从句。
52．[答案]A。visit与Lansa之间是动宾关系，因此选用which或零关系代词：most 与mostly 意义不同，mostly 大部分、多半。
53．[答案]A。conservative 保守的，守旧的。confidential 秘密的：机密的。comprehensive 广泛的：包罗万象的：综合的。consistent一致的：符合的。
54．[答案]A。现在分词和过去分词都可以置于句首做状语，表示时间或原因；置于句末做方式、陪衬或结果状语，但它们的逻辑主语都必须是句中的主语。若句中的主语是分词动作的执行者．则用现在分词若句中的主语是分词动作的承受者，则用过去分词。从全句的意思来看，句中的主语显然是分词动作的承受者，故A项是正确的选择。
55．[答案]D。as作为连词，引导方式状语从句，其意为“像??一样”。根据平行结构原则，从句中应填入实义动词had (有)。为了避免重复，用助动词did代替had，因此D正确。
56．[答案]B。此题考查aware的用法。aware是表语形容词，后边常接介词of 或that 从句，据此，B项为正确答案。
57．[答案]C。当动名词的逻辑主语是该动作的承受者，该动名词要用被动式，
58．[答案]A。ever意为“至今，曾经”，如：Nothing ever happens in this village．这个村子从未发生过什么事情。ever invented 是过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句(that has ever been invented)。根据句意，A最符合题意。 thus是“像这样，如此”的意思，thus far才表示“至今，迄今为止”，要和完成时连用。Yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中，通常用于句末，也可用于句中，as作为副词，一般用来修饰形容词或副词，表示比较。
59．[答案]D。draw on (upon)运用。draw in变短，拉进。draw up 写下来，起草。drawback form、收回，退缩。
60．[答案]C。句子的不定式作结果状语，only to 通常表示不良结果。
61．[答案]D。store up 储藏，积聚。take up 拿起，占去，开始从事。put up 举起，搭起。hold up举起，耽搁，支持得住。
62．[答案]D。此题考查独立主格结构作状语的用法。A项与题干构成两个独立的分句，但由于没有表明相互关系的关联词，不能选用。B项原因同上，此外时态也不符。C项和D项都是独立主格形式，但由于副词over已有结束之意，没有必要再用现在分词的完成体。因此D项符合题意。
63．[答案]A。figure out意为“了解，弄清楚”，如：I couldn't figure out who he was．我想不出他是谁。draw out 意为“拉长”，如：Heheated the metal and drew it out into a long wire．他把金属烧热，拉成一条很长的金属线。look out则作“留神，小心”讲，如：Look out! A car is coming．小心! 汽车来了。work out意为“解决出，算出”，如：I can't work out these algebra problems．我解答不出这些代数题。
64．[答案]C。用不定式的完成体形式表示过去意义。
65．[答案]A。set a limit to是固定搭配，意为“对??规定限度”，如：The organization committee set a limit to the number of each delegation．组委会给每个代表团限定了人数。
66．[答案]D。pursue 此处意为“从事”，如：He is pursuing his studies at the university．他在大学学习。engage 表示“从事，忙于”时则应与in 搭配，如：The Minister has been engaged in politics all his life．这位部长搞了一辈子政治。 devote 一词的常用搭配为 devote oneself(sth.) to，意为“献身于，致力于”，如：He has devoted his life to helping blind people．他一生致力于帮助盲人。register 意为“登记，注册”，如：How many members are registered in the club?多少人登记加入了这个俱乐部?
67．[答案]C。have much to 有许多事情要??。many 作名词时常表示“许多个，许多人”之意。most 是最高级，more是比较级，由于本句既没给出也未暗示出比较范围或比较对象，所以用在本句中皆不合适。
68．[答案]A。本题主句的谓语为 would never have been able to...，表示过去的虚拟情况，因此，从句中的谓语表示的也应为过去的虚拟情况，谓语动词应为had+过去分词。
69．[答案]A。excel杰出，胜过”，当表示“在??方面出色”时，其惯用介词搭配是in或at。
70．[答案]D。A项和B项的不定式分别表示动作还没有发生和即将发生。that 这一定语从句中的主谓语单复数不一致， that指代其前面的复数名词火车，而谓语却是单数，不合语法。going为现在分词，作定语，相当于一个定语从句。
71．[答案]C。ratio表示两者之间的“比率或比例”时，常与to搭配。其他三个介词不能与之构成搭配。
72．[答案]B。variety变种，多样，种种。而classification分类，类别，级别。density稠密，密度。diversion转移，消遣。”
73．[答案]C。treasure 意为“珍宝，财富”：money 泛指“金钱”：finance 意思是“财政，资金(常用复数)：income是“收入”的意思，一般指人的工资、报酬等收入。本句意方“那份报告没在他乱七八糟的财务中发现有什么人该受指控。”
74．[答案]A。enhance 提高，增加。enlarge 扩大，扩展。strengthen 加强，巩固。magnify 放大，扩大。
75．[答案]C。根据句子结构我们可以看出，此处为非限制性定语从句，而A.和D．中没有关系代词，故可以排除。B．中虽有作定语的关系代词，但是whose homes 不能直接和all连用，因此只有C为正确答案。
76．[答案]C。prevalent 普遍的，rare 稀有的，temporary 暂时的，segmental 部分的。
77．[答案]A。densely 密集的，intensely 激烈的，abundantly 丰富的，highly非常。
78．[答案]B。coping with对付，处置。
79．[答案]D。back down from his intention放弃意图。
80．[答案]C。medical intervention 药物的介入治疗。
81．[答案]C，根据题干中的提示词“feel ashamed”，读者可在文中找到划线部分的“ashamed”及与其有关的具体阐述。原文讲到“... naturally these opinions spread among the working class themselves”，文中的“opinion”就是中产阶级所讲的“lazy idle loafers on the dole”及“these men could all find work if they wanted to”，其实就是就失业者是因为懒惰而无事可干。所以，失业者在这种错误观点的影响下，把无事可干归咎于自己。
82．[答案]D。细节题，对应的语句为“?to find that a fair proportion，perhaps a quarter，of these beings... were
decent young miners and cotton workers...”，整个句子是一个长句，读者应做好语法分析，抓住句子主干，正确理解长句意思，得出本题正确答案。
83．[答案]D。态度题。作者在文中好几次提到“horrified，amazed，shock，astonishment”等表示震惊的词，表明他对中产阶级的谬论及失业者的迷惘和无知感到惊讶。他认为失业不是个人的错，尤其不是失业者个人的错。
84．[答案]D。推论题。线索词为“the highest point in the United States”，关键在于理解括号内“outside Alaska”所指，即不算Alaka，美国的最高点在California，若从包括 Alaska的全国范围来看，最高点不应在California而应在Alaska。
85．[答案]B。细节题。答案在第三段，线索词为“Death Valley”和“Mount Whitney”。
86．[答案]C。推论题。解题关键在于分析理解题干部分“a land of variety and contrast”中的两个名词“variety(多样性)”和"contrast(悬殊差别)”。A、D两项既没有反映出“variety”也没有反映出“contrast”。B项反映出了“contrast”，却没有明显反映出“variety”。C项中既有高地，又有低谷，还有沙漠，再加上：欠洋，兼顾了“variety”和“contrast”符合题意。
87．[答案]A。推理题。为了在职业生涯中获得成功，文中认为最重要的因素是什么?根据第二段内容可知Coleman 认为展示自己是很重要的 (exposure，a full 60%)，而且“He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work，and how high up they are．”，然后作者又在第三段表达了对此观点的认同，所以A项“让上司了解你工作出色”是正确答案。
88．[答案]C。细节题。妇女和黑人为什么不愿表现自己的原因在最后一段中表述得非常清楚：“Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility．”，即他们因为怕人们会认为他们是由于性别和种族原因才获得提升的，所以正确答案是C项。
89．[答案]B。主旨题。本题要求选择适合此文的题目，即对文章做出正确的概括。文章开头谈到一种现象越来越多的女性和少数民族进入管理层，他们议论的话题和他们的观点都发生了变化此后作者在第二段中介绍了Coleman的观点特别要让上司了解你工作出色，你才能得到提拔作者又在第三段表达了对此观点的认同，并提醒女性和黑人职员：在最显眼的位置上展现自己(find their way into the spotlight)。通观全文B项“引入注意的重要性”是文章最恰当的项目。
90．[答案]C。细节题。此题需要回答系上安全带会有什么样的作用或产生什么样的后果。文章第一段第三句话明确告诉读者系上安全带可以拯救生命，可以减少交通事故中的死亡和严重受伤的机会，选项C中的内容“减少交通事故中的死亡率”与之相符，而选项A所提供的内容“系上安全带可以使交通事故减少一半”与其不符，故选项C为正确答案。
91．[答案]A。细节题。此题询问哪种开车者或乘客可以不系安全带。本文第三段第一句话指出了不系安全带的三种情况一是正倒车的司机，二是使用专用车在当地发送或收取货物、信件的司机，三是持有有效的医疗证明说明不宜系安全带的人。由此可见，选项A的内容“往停车点倒车的人”正好符合第一种情况。
92．[答案]D。是非判断题。本题问，从进化的观点来看，下列选项哪个正确。依据第二段第二、三句“一段时间不实践，所学的东西往往会遗忘；其适应性结果可能不太明显。然而，戏剧性地突然遗忘的例子则明显是适应性的”。第二句说“适应性可能不明显”，作者暗示，适应性结果实际上是存在的，只不过不明显，可见A是不对的：第三句所说，与D一致，故D为正确答案，而C“逐渐的遗忘表明一个人的适应能力”与第三句矛盾，不对：B“如果一个人突然变得非常健忘，他一定非常具有适应性”文中未提，也违背常识，不对。
93．[答案]B。细节题，参看第三段第四句可知B为正确答案。
94．[答案]A。细节题。题目问：根据最后一段，我们了解了什么?依据最后一段第二、三句“如此看来，在学习或记忆存储(输入)与遗忘(输出)之间要进行不断的调整。确实，有证据表明个人的遗忘与学到多少东西直接相关”。由此可见，遗忘是对学习的一种反应，故A正确。
95．[答案]B。主旨题。A项干扰性很强，因为第一段谈论的是“remembering”的问题，然而，从第二段直至最后，作者实际谈论的却是 forgetting，第一段只是一个引介或铺垫，由此可见，B才是文章谈论的主题，为正确答案。
96．[答案]C。细节题，通过不同年度网上贸易成交额的比较，可以说明越来越多的人选择了这种交易方式。
97．[答案]A。细节题，从Finding a bargain was getting easier，owing to the rise of online auctions and Web sites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best deal．这一句可以判断，部分原因在于网上拍卖量的增加。
98．[答案]D。语法题，For all the consumers' interest, 是for引导的一个让步状语。
99．[答案]B。推理题：根据analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit until 2001，我们可以判断亚马逊公司在 20xx年有可能赢利。
100．[答案] D。细节题，根据 Internet retailing appealed to investors because it provided an efficient means for reaching millions of consumers这一句，我们可以很明确的得出该答案。
PART Ⅵ WRITING
SECTION A COMPOSITION
Automated Collection Bus: a Success or a Failure?
With the appearance of automated collection car, some people regard it as a great advance in technology and a sign of a highly civilized society. In my view, this kind of bus won' t work in our country, at least in our city of Shanghai.
Automated collection buses don' t fit the socioeconomic circumstances of our country. To judge a particular technology, appropriateness is a sole criterion. That is to say, any technology introduced or solution adopted should take into account the unique economic, ecological, cultural and social conditions within which a specific problem exists. For example, bicycles can provide mere efficient transportation than automobiles in congested cities, and" barefoot doctors" in large rural areas may meet more health needs than highly sophisticated hospitals. The same applies to automated collection buses. In a labor - rich country where more and more people are laid off because there are not enough jobs available, people-oriented machines are more suitable than technology - oriented ones. Ordinary buses can not only offer a large number of job opportunities, but also prove to be more efficient in densely populated cities where nearly every bus is so fully packed that passengers have to push and shove each other to get on or off the bus.
The high cost it has incurred and great inconvenience it has brought about confirm me in the view that the automated collection bus is a failure rather than a wonder.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Dear Jack,
I heard that you wished to sell your walkman, so I' m very interested in it. Can you tell me how it looks like? Maybe its condition still good for work? I also want to know how much about it ?! can give whatever you want. I
am waiting for your reply.
Yours,
Mary