实习生面试问题及参考答案
大多数实习生往往刚刚或者即将从海事院校毕业，考虑到这些人并没有什么船上工作的实践知识，任何船东在面试实习生时都不会提问船上实际工作遇到的问题，而主要是考察实习生的专业知识、英文水平、身体素质、精神面貌、个人性格、人品等等。 扎实的专业基础知识表现在所修过的课程的内容，所取得的成绩等方面。为了给船东一个良好的印象，最好能基本说出所学课程的英文名称、该门课程的主要内容，以及通过学习某门课程的收获等。我们在这里特别提醒您的是，不要对学校和学校所开设的课程有太多的抱怨，因为学校那么差怎么能培养出什么像样的学生呢。船东多数是外国人，过多批评本国或本学校的不足也是一种妄自菲薄的表现。此外，船东还可能认为，你这个人可能会对所有的事情都很挑剔，很难和他人合作，也很难适合团队的工作氛围，因为他们可能会想，你有可能认为船东公司及船上的管理规定也一无是处。
至于你的英文水平，船东通过和你交谈就一目了然了。目前，中国海事院校毕业的学生英语水平尽管和前些年相比有很大的提高，但总的来说和诸如印度、菲律宾等船员输入大国相比还有一定的差距，也还不能达到国外的一流船东，特别是欧美船东的要求。另外，航海专业英语比较薄弱也是很多毕业生所共同的问题。很多同学一般介绍类的英文还行，但一旦要用英文说一些比较专业的问题就卡壳了；不是不能回答，而是不能用英文表达自己的意思。所以，建议大家在面试前或上船前费点时间，把学过的专业英文词汇复习一遍。
另外，在面试前千万不要放弃英文的学习。对中国学生而言，我们英文学习的环境的确稍微差了一些。原因是如果自己不利用课堂、教科书、媒体等学习英文，几乎很难遇到其他讲英文的环境。所以建议大家在待派期间，选上一两本好的英文教材在家系统的学习。《走遍美国》、PRESON TO PERSON、SIDE BY SIDE等教材都是很好的练习听力和口语的教材，这些教材系统性强，语言活泼生动，有利于自学。当然，
如果经济条件允许，参加一些短期英文学习班系统学习更好。此外，利用电视、收音机等英语教学和新闻节目听英语也非常不错。还有，若想纠正自己的发音和提高自己的听力，应该经常收听美国之音（VOA）和英国广播公司（BBC）的节目，当然最好是收听他们提供的SPECIAL PROGRAMS（特别节目），以及他们提供的英文教育节目。总之，英语学习决不是一朝一夕的事情，而是一个持之以恒，不断提高的过程，应该利用一切时间和机会，时时不可懈怠。
有的船员，特别上刚刚毕业的学生，觉得应该在船东面前显得谦虚一点为好，因此可能会对船东说, “ I am sorry, my English is not very good.” 这也许并不是一句好话。这里有一个东西方文化差别的问题。对于台湾、香港、新加坡以及韩国等亚洲国家的人来说，谦虚是个美德，他们绝大多数人也许不喜欢善于外露和夸张自己的人；而对于西方人来说，他们并不理解谦虚这种我们东方人所认可的美德。换句话说，你如果在西方人面前表现的十分谦卑的样子的话，他可能会认为你这个人对自己没有信心，或认为你真的干不好什么似的。所以，针对来自不同地区的船东，要有不同的策略。也就是说，在亚洲船东面前，稍微显得谦虚一点并没有害处；而在欧洲和美洲船东面前，要显得有自信心，要让对方觉得你能干什么，并且能干好。但是，值得一提的是，随着全球化和一体化的趋势的加强， 不同文化和文明的人们的接触和沟通越来越多。不同的文化融合越来越明显，人们的思想和思维方式也越来越接近。总的来说，在接受面试时，自信的人还是绝大多数考官喜欢的。
当然，对于即将迈向社会的学生来说，家庭情况、个人情况、人生观、价值观、理想信念、业余爱好、将来的打算、社会责任感等对于他未来从事的事业有很大的影响，船东在面试时自然不想错过考察实习生这方面的情况。所以，实习生在面试时更应该考虑在这些方面给船东留下一个很好的第一印象。
很多同学在学校品学兼优，但到了社会上却很难成功，归其原因，在于没有学会如何到社会上做人，如何和他人相处，船东当然不太希望雇佣这样的船员。所以，船东
还可能会通过一些问题来看毕业生在管理、人际交往、性格等方面的问题。在一些方面，我们要特别提醒的是，不论你的性格多么特殊，如过于表露或过于沉默，为了面试成功，你回答考官问题的答案以及你的表现尽量显得你是一个常人，而不是大多数人所认为的特殊性格的人。标新立异当然并不一定是件坏事，但是，对刚刚走向社会的人来说显得普通平凡一点还是大多数人所认可的。
当然，实习生刚刚从学校出来，在成人面前显得天真、热情、活泼一些也很重要。其实，船东并不希望刚从校园迈出来的毕业生就很世故。把世上什么事情都看破，愤世嫉俗、狡猾多端、油腔滑调都是船东所不喜欢的。俗话说，要想做事，先学会做人。另外，年轻人就该有年轻人的朝气和活力，老气横秋，把世界看得一片炎凉，船东和考官们也是不会喜欢的。笔者发现，有些毕业生尽管英文和业务都不是很好，但那种热情向上的态度却迷住了考官，面试中反而成功了。在谈及自己的理想时，要让船东觉得你这个人在平凡朴实自信的同时，又不乏具有远大的抱负，是任何公司都应该培养的人。
下面的问题是船东在面试实习生时可能要提问到的，笔者就有些问题提供了参考答案，大家在阅读时可以有选择地参考一下。
1. Please briefly introduce yourself (as a deck cadet) to us. Or tell us
something about yourself.
请简单地介绍一下你自己。
Example:
Good moming/aftemoon/evening. Sir (gentlemen)! It is nice to meet you here, Sir (gentlemen). My name is Wang liqin, from (Henan) Province. My hometown is in a small village in Henan province. In 1998, I was admitted by Jimei Navigation
University and I have been studying for nearly four years as navigation major there. I have got (am going to get) my diploma and bachelor's degree in July, 2002. During
my 4-year studies in Jimei, I have learned such courses as navigation theories, marine telecommunication, marine English, and so on.
I like sailing very much. When I was a child, I dreamed of becoming a sailor and traveling around the world on board ships. Besides, my family is not rich. So by
working as a sailor, I can make some money for my brothers and sisters. At the same time, I can lessen my parents' burden in supporting us. I will work as a seaman until I become a master.
不论是用英文还是用汉文介绍自己，关键是不要太紧张，说话的语速要适中，不要给人是在背书本一样。至于介绍多少，取决于考官的要求。如果考官告诉你介绍什么信息，最好不要多，也不要少，适可而止。
2. Please tell me what major you had in me marine university/
college/school?
你在学校学的是什么专业啊？
I majored in navigation/engineering/communications for four years/ three years.
3. What courses (subjects) have you learned during your studies there? Which courses do you like most? Why?
你在大学里都学了哪些课程？你最喜欢哪一门或几门课程，为什么？
Well, quit a lot, including some basic courses such as mathematics, physics, politics, and some specialty courses such as ...
轮机专业一些课程名称的英汉名称：
公共课: Common English (普通英语), Engineering English (轮机英语), Advanced Mathematics (高等数学), Chinese Revolution History (中国革命史), Computer
Operation Skills (计算机操作), Physical Training and Education (体育), Engineering Chemistry (轮机化学) , College Physics (大学物理) .Computer Software Knowledge
(计算机软件基础), Political Theories (政治理论) , Military Training (军事课).
专业课及专业基础课: Engineering Mathematics (工程数学), Electric Circuit and Electronic Technology (电路及电子技术), Theoretic Dynamic (理论物理) ,
Hydrodynamics (流体力学), Material Dynamic (材料力学) , Mechanic Designing (机械设计) , Engineering Thermodynamics (工程热力学^) , Vessel Making Fundamental Knowledge(船舶制造基础), Vessel Navigational Safety (船舶运输安全) ,Engineering Materials (轮机材料) , Engineering automation (轮机自动化) , Diesel Engine (柴油机) , Main Engine, Vessel Auxiliary Engines (辅机), Vessel Repair Technology(船舶修理技术)。
实践课:Boat and Raft Operation (艇筏操纵), Fire Fighting (海上消防), Engine Room Simulator (机舱模拟器), First Aid (海上急救), Marine Life Saving (海上救生), Welding Skills (电焊技术), Comprehensive Operation Skills (综合操作技术). 选修课: 文学知识(Literature) , 化学实验(Chemistry Experiment),航海史
(Navigational History),科技史(History of Science) , 文献检索(Reference Searching). 驾驶专业部分课程的英汉名称对照:
公共课: Common English (普通英语), English Reading and Writing (英语读写), English Listening and speaking (英语听说),Advanced Mathematics (高级英语听写), Chinese Revolution History (中国革命史), Computer Operation Skills (计算机操作), Physical Training and Education (体育), College Physics (大学物理), Computer Software Programming, English Typewriting(英语打字), Experiment Physics (实验物理), Navigational English Reading (航海英语阅读), International Relations (国际关系), Art Appreciation (艺术欣赏), Philosophy (哲学), Health and Sanitation Education (健康教育)。
专业基础课及专业课：Navigational Chemistry(航海化学)，Electrician Technique
(电子技术), Mechanical Picture Making (机械制图), Navigation Theories and Practice (航海理论与实践), Vessel Structure (船舶结构), Engine Profile (轮机概论), Vessel Signals and VHF (船舶信号与VHF), Vessel Operation and Anti-collision (船舶操纵与避碰), Vessel maneuvering (船舶操纵), Vessel Cargo Transportation Theories and Practice (船舶货物运输), Navigation Appliance (航海仪器), GMDSS Equipment, Radar and ARPAR, Simulator Drills (模拟器练习), Marine Legal Case Study (海事案例分析), Navigational Automation (驾驶自动化), Vessel Agency and Chartering (船舶代理与租赁)。
选修课：Literature (文学知识), Chemistry Experiment (化学实验), Navigational History (航海史), History of Science (科技史), Reference Searching (文献检索)。 笔者在面试迎接毕业生时发现，很多考生说不出来究竟在大学里学了多少门课程，也说不出来学过的课程名称，更谈不上一些非常重要课程的主要内容。这是非常糟糕的。因为如果你对自己曾经修过的课程一无所知的话，你可能在学校根本就没有关注自己的学业。船东会想，这样的船员上船后可能对自己的工作也很马虎大意。
4. Why do you want to be a sailor?
你为什么想当一名船员?
Well, I like sailing and traveling very much. When I was a child, I had great
admiration for the capable master, whose stories always moved me very much. I love challenging the sea, so if I am a sailor, I will have the chances to work under the waves and challenge the rough sea and weather. I also want to put my knowledge learned in school into practice. Otherwise, it will make no sense for my knowledge learned in school. Besides, I am a village guy and my family is poor. I was told that sailor could get more than those in other fields.
这是一个船东经常提问毕业生的经典性的问题。如何回答也很重要，因为船东想借
此了解你做船员的动机。
5. How long do you want to be a sailor?
你想做几年船员?
It is hard to say. But I wish to work as long as possible, maybe until I become a master/chief engineer. To work as a chief engineer/ a master is a long-cherished dream for me.
6. What other plans do you have for the coming 5 or 6 years?
未来5到6年里，你有什么打算?
I shall work as a seaman. During this time, I will work hard to get the C/0
certificates and wish I would work as a C/0 five years after.
提示：对于绝大多数船东而言，他们绝大多数人希望雇佣的船员有长期为公司服务的愿望，谁都不希望自己培养的船员（特别是实习生）没干多长时间就走人。所以说，为了你的成功，也不要太坦诚。
7. Do you think that sailing is a very ideal job for you?
你认为海员工作是个非常理想的工作吗？
Yes, because I love the job very much.
8. When do you want to get married?
你想什么时候结婚?
I have not got a definite idea on this. But I wish to get married at least after I finish this term.
9. Do you have any hobbies? What hobbies do you like best, why?
你有什么业余爱好?你最喜欢哪种业余爱好?
I like soccer very much, and I was a member of school soccer team. I also like basketball and football very much.
I like football best because I think the football sports can help us provide a team spirit. Every body should do his best in his position we just can win the game, same as on board ship, we will make good work skill and good maintenance at any where and any time.
业余爱好虽然不是一个很专业问题，但考官往往通过了解你的爱好来了解人的性格特点。一个什么爱好多没有的人在事业上是不会有太大成功的。
10. If you work on board for one year, will you be very home sick?
如果你在船上工作一年的话，你会想家吗？
No, not very. I have stayed away from my parents for several years, so I can not be very home sick. I think working together with so many officers and engineers must be a fun for me.
在外工作远离亲人和朋友，有些思乡之情是情理之中的事情：如果你说你一点都不想念父母朋友或亲人，那到显得你这个人可能太不尽人情了，或者考官认为你在为应付面试而已。
11. Have you got a girlfriend? If you have, will you miss your girl friend when you work on board for a whole year?
你有女朋友了吗？如果有了，在船上工作一年会不会很想女友？
Probably, I will miss her very much. But I know that it is not easy for me to get the job and I should treasure the job opportunity very much. And my girl friend will give me understanding on my job.
船上工作时想念自己的女朋友也是一件非常值得理解的事情。但是，要告诉考官，不会因为太想家人和女友而耽误工作。
12. If you are asked to do a lot of jobs on board, will you have some
complaint?
如果在船上让你做很多工作的话，你会有抱怨吗？?
I won't. But it depends. If the job assignment is reasonable, and if I can manage it, I will have no complaint. But if the jobs are too hard and too much for me, I may tell my superiors that I am not in the capability to finish it within a certain time. But anyway, I will not quarrel with my superiors on these. Instead, I will try my best to communicate with him.
13. In your opinion, how can you get along well with other in the work team? 在你以为，怎样才能在工作团体中和别人处好？
Well, I think it is very important to trust others, give other tolerance, be kind to others and try to help other in daily life. Besides, friendship and frankness are also important in daily life. I think I can get along well with other if I work on board because I had very good relationship with my classmates when I was in the university. 通常，船东想通过此问题来了解一下毕业生是否有团队工作的准备和精神。
14. How many departments are there in a vessel, and what are they? As far as you know, what equipments are there in the bridge/deck/engine department? What positions are mere on board?
船上有几个部门，都叫什么名称？根据你的了解，甲板/轮机室都有那些设备或机器，知道他们的大致位置吗？
As far as I know, usually, a ship has three departments: the deck department, the engine department and the catering department. There used to be a radio
department on board, but now, this department's functions are implemented by the deck officers.
In the deck department, there are the C/0, the 2/0, the 3/0 and bosun, AB and OS, mass boy; in the engine department, there are the c/e, the 1st engineer, the 2nd, the
3rd engineer, the oiler No. 1, the ordinary oilers, the fitters, and possibly the carpenters.
上面的问题是一些最基本的问题，是所以学过水上专业的人所必须了解的。至于船上各种职位的职责，尤其是三副和三管轮的职责，也应该是最起码的知识。
15. What is main engine? What are subsidiary engines? Tell me the names of some auxiliary engines.
什么叫主机？什么叫辅机？讲出几个辅机的名称。
Main engine is the engine that provides propulsion and power for the whole ship; while auxiliary engines, on its narrow definition, refers to the generator. However, theoretically, auxiliary engines refer to all those engines in the engine room other than main engine, such as generator engine, generator, fuel oil purifier, emergency generator, life boat engine, emergency fire pump, fuel oil control, air-conditioner, refrigerator and so on.
关于这个问题，主要是问那些刚刚毕业的轮机专业的学生。并不需要你说出准确的定义或概念，而是要知道他们的区别，同时，也要对机舱的机器和设备有个整体的了解。
16. Tell me how the fresh water is produced through the fresh water generator?
请简单的说说造水机的工作原理。
(1) Start the sea water pump and supply sea water to the fresh water generator heating chamber;
(2) Start the ejector pump and provide the chamber vacuum up to 93% about;
(3) Open the condenser sea water inlet and outlet valves;
(4) Open the jacket water inlet and outlet valves;
(5) Keep the heating chamber temperature at 451;
(6) When the condenser distilled water level increase to up level, start the distilled water pump and keep it's pressure don't less than 0.2 MPa.
(7) Switch the salinity monitor on and set the salinity content don't more than 0.6%.
(8) Open the fresh water tank inlet valve;
Now, the fresh water generator is in normal running condition.
17. If you work as a 3rd officer, what is your duty hours every day? And if you work as a 3rd engineer, what are your duty hours? What are the duty hours for the 3rd officer and 3rd engineer?
如果你在船上做三副，你的主要责任是什么？如果你在船上做三管轮，主要职责是什么？
As a third officer: (1) The third officer shall perform the necessary duties as
required, such as those relating to navigational watch (0800-1200; 2000-2400) and cargo watch; (2) to fix the position of the ship and other navigational calculations every day when the ship is underway and reports to the master. (3) To prepare the reports, navigational statistics conditions and report the necessary items to the
master. (4) To help the C/0 in supervising cargo handling operation; (5) to measure the draft at the discretion of the C/0 or master; (6) to the master on the bridge with anchoring and mooring and unmooring work; (7) before leaving port or shifting anchorage, to inspect communication systems and important items related to the navigational system and other department; (8) to maintain and mange the life boat saving appliance and fire fighting equipment maintenance log and inventory and
prepare records when instructed to do so. (9) To do some paper work and other jobs
that is assigned by the master
As a 3rd engineer: I may have the following dudes:
(1) Watch keeping from 0800 to 1200, and from 2000 to 2400;
(2) Assisting the Second Engineer in all technical aspects;
(3) Be responsible for operation and maintenance of other auxiliary machinery except those taken over by the Third Engineer;
(4) Be responsible for taking positive measures in the safe and efficient operation of all machinery, and guarding against fire and oil pollution;
(5) Be responsible for safety procedures and maintenance of all safety equipment, and engine control system in a thoroughly efficient state;
(6) Be responsible for assisting in bunkering and fuel transfer operation under the direction of the Second Engineer;
(7) Be responsible for carrying out instructions relating to ballasting and
deballasting, and recording the operation;
(8) Be responsible for testing the telegraph before departure and recording all engine movement in the Bell Book for staying in the engine room when vessel is entering or leaving a port or when the engine is on stand-by or in maneuvering;
(9) Be responsible for assisting the second Engineer in testing of emergency fire pump and lifeboat engine.
尽管根据有关规定，三副/三管轮的职位要等干了一年实习生才能做，但是，船上干部船员的职责是每个即将当干部船员的船员最起码的常识，所以，作为实习生，至少要能够说出一二。
18. Please name some types of vessels in me world.
请讲讲当今世界上的主要船舶种类。
General cargo ship, bulk carrier, car carrier, log and timber vessel, oil tanker, chemical tanker and LPG ship, container vessel, V1CC (very large container carrier) and some other purposed vessels.
这也是一个常识性的问题，因为作为一个船员并接受过高等教育的毕业生，如果这样的问题都回答不上来是很不可思议的。
19. Tell us some very important canals/straits in the world.
说出世界上几个主要运河和海峡的名称。
Panama Canal, Suez Canal, Kiel canal (基尔运河) , Bosporus Channel (博斯普鲁斯海峡) , Gibraltar (直布罗陀海峡), English Channel (英吉利海峡) , Mozambique Channel (莫桑比克海峡) , Malacca Strait (马六甲海峡) , Taiwan Strait, Berlin Strait (白令海峡), etc.
20. Tell me the whole names of the following anonyms: IMO, STCW78/95, SOLAS74, ARPA, RADAR, GMDSS, MARPOL73/ 78, IOPP, GMDSS, GPS, ISM. IMO is International Maritime Organization whose headquarter is in London. IMO is the organization under the United Nations.
IOPP means International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate. (国际防止油污染证书)
STCW95 means International Convention on Standards of Training, Certifications and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1995. (19xx年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约) SOLAS means International Convention for the Safety at Sea. (国际海上人命安全公约)
MARPOL (国际防止船舶造成污染公约) means International Convention on the prevention of Marine Pollution.
GMDSS is Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. (全球海上遇险和安全系
统)
GPS mean Global-positioning System, (全球定位系统)
ISM means International Safety Management code.
这些专业术语牵涉到你学过的很多课程和知识，是船东经常要考到的。也许，你很难记住所以这些术语的准确英文名称，至少要知道这些术语的基本内容是什么。此外，对于诸如SOLAS、MARPOL、IMO等常见的国际公约和组织，还应该能说出其基本情况和主要内容。
21. Have you ever worked on board the training vessel of your university or school? If you have, what have you learned from your training vessel, and with whom did you work together on board the training vessel?
你在学校的实习船上干过吗？如果干过，通过学习，都学到了哪些技能，你在实习时和谁一起干的？
Yes, I have worked on board the training vessel for about two weeks. During my training there, I learned a lot about a real vessel. But basically, I just did some odd jobs, including helping the chief cook to wash the vegetable, chipping, painting and so on. But this is very important to me, because I knew roughly how the work on board is carried out and the engineers and officers told me a lot about the practical jobs on board. Anyway, is a great benefit to me.
据笔者了解，很多中国的海事院校都有自己的实习船舶，即使学生不能在本校的实习船舶上学习，学校通常也会安排他们到一些国内公司的船上实习。我们建议，你绝对不能说你在船上什么都没有学到，因为即使船长没有安排你在船上干什么有价值的工作，如果你是一个非常有心计和对航海工作感兴趣的话，你也会学到很多知识的。对那些一无所获的人，船东是绝对没有好印象的，因为这说明你对这个工作不感兴趣，或者你这个人实在是悟性太差。
22. (For deck cadets) How do you get the weather information on board vessel?
We can get the weather information through Inmarsat communication, Navitex, email in the net etc. But the Navitex can provide much more up to dated information. 这是考察驾驶专业毕业生的一个很基本问题，主要看是否了解学过的一些基础知识的内容。
23. (For engine cadets) What are the rough differences between the diesel oil and fuel oil?
The biggest difference between the two is that of the special gravity and viscosity. The diesel oil is mainly used when the vessel maneuvering and in emergency
condition. But for some new engine, they need not be change to diesel oil when she under maneuvering condition.
这是考察轮机专业毕业生的一个基本问题，应该通过该问题想到其他关联的问题。