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奥巴马上海演讲
[杨玉良]让我们大家用热烈的掌声欢迎美国总统奥巴马先生。各位来宾、各位朋友，同学们，请让我自我介绍一下，我是杨玉良，复旦大学的校长。[ 11-16 12:59]
[杨玉良]今天请来美利坚合众国总统奥巴马先生，他对中国进行国事访问，今天来到这里与中国青年对话，而且我非常高兴作为主持人在这里主持这场对话。因为奥巴马总统非常重视中美两国人民之间的沟通和交流，尤其是重视我们年轻人之间的沟通和交流。[ 11-16 13:00]
[杨玉良]所以今天我们将用一种非常轻松、自由的方式，而且我相信也将会是愉快的方式，奥巴马总统将和大家一起讨论中美关系问题，包括这个世界未来的问题，包括我们人类所面临的所有的可能的全球性的挑战性问题。[ 11-16 13:00]
[杨玉良]今天在现场的所有的同事们，包括同学们，都可以现场提问题。但同时我们也会选以用英文回答。[ 11-16 13:01]
[杨玉良]如果你觉得你的英文还不足够表达你深邃的思想的话，来回答问题。我想在正式开始之前，我们美利坚合众国的驻华大使洪博培先生有几句话要讲。
[洪博培]好了，美中关系30年，这个时刻从双边地区和全球的角度来说，这种活动在中国没有先例。[ 11-16 13:03]
[洪博培]我们两国元首具体说过，如果没有美中两国的合作，几乎没有哪个全球性挑战能得到解决。[ 11-16 13:04]
[洪博培]那我很荣幸向你们介绍第44[ 11-16 13:
his gracious welcome. was good. (Laughter.)
你好。诸位下午好。我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长，我还想感谢我们出色的大使洪博培，他是我们两国间深厚
to doing not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as This first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country. Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world -- the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity. And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past. Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall. Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.
我今天准备这样，先做一个开场白，我真正希望做的是回答在座的问题，不但回答在座的学生问题，同时还可以从网上得到一些问题，由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提问。很抱歉，我的中文远不如你们的英文，所以我期待和你们的对话。这是我首次访问中国，我看到 1
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你们博大的国家，感到很兴奋。在上海这里，我们看到了瞩目的增长，高耸的塔楼，繁忙的街道，还有企业家的精神。这些都是中国步入21世纪的迹象，让我感到赞叹。同时我也急切的要看到向我们展现中国古老的古迹，明天和后天我要到北京去看雄伟壮丽的故宫和令人叹为观止的长城，这个国度既有丰富的历史，又有对未来憧憬的信念。
The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries. Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China. It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people. However, America's ties to this city -- and to this country -- stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.
that are mutually beneficial.
30年前，水仪式，这个船成功前往大清王朝，与中国结成新的纽带。希望中国开辟新的地平线，建立新的伙伴关系。
Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents have steered the relationship 在其后的两个世纪中，而即使在最动荡的甚至有戏剧性的纽带，比如美国人永远不会忘记，在二战期间，当地人民对他们的款待，中国公民冒着失去一切
began the simple game of table tennis. The very unlikely nature of this to its success -- because for all our differences, both our common China are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different."
Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979. And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.
40年前，我们两国间开启了又一种联系，两国关系开始解冻，通过乒乓球的比赛解冻关系。我们两国之间有着分歧，但是我们也有着共同的人性及有着共同的好奇，就像一位乒乓球人员一样，那的国家就是一样，但是这个小小的开头带来了《上海公报》的问世，最终还带来了美中在19xx年建交。在其后的30年我们又取得了长足的进展，
In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion -- today it tops 2
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over $400 billion each year. The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways. America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear; and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry. This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life. And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.
19xx年美中贸易只有50亿美元，现在已经超过了4000亿美元。贸易在许多方面影响人民的生活，比如美国电脑中许多部件，还有穿的衣服都是从中国进口的，我们向中国出口中国工业要使用的机器，这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会，让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。在需求趋于平衡的过程中，这种贸易可以是更广阔的贸易。
relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time scourge of climate change; the promotion of peace and security in Asia around the globe. 1979合作和全面的关系，这些问题包括经济复苏、洁净能源的开发、还有在亚洲及全球各地
The second cities" drawing our communities and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery. And Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of 1979200个友好城市，美中科学家在许多新的研究领而我们两国人民都热爱篮球，姚明就是个例子。不过，此行中我不
It is no that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty -- an people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.
那么我们两国之间的这种关系给我们带来了积极的变化，这并不是偶然的，中国使得亿万人民脱贫，而这种成就是人类历史上史无前例的。而中国在全球问题中也发挥更大的作用，美国目睹了中国经济的成长，人们生活水平提高，同时成功终止冷战。
There is a Chinese proverb: "Consider the past, and you shall know the future." Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years. Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty. But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined -- not when we consider the past. Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure. We have seen what is possible when we build upon our 3
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mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.
中国有句古言，温故而知新。当然，我们过去30年中也遇到了挫折和挑战，我们的关系并不是没有困难的，没有分歧的。但是我们必须一定是对手这种想法不应该是一成不变的。由于我们两国的合作，美中两国都变得更加繁荣、更加安全。我们基于相互的利益、相互的尊重就能有成就。
And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding -- on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another. For just as that American table tennis player pointed out -- we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.
that guide our democracy.
Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and several core should be open, information freely accessible; and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.
不过，这种接触的成功要取决于我们要彼此了解，彼此进行了解。就像当年美国乒乓球运动员所说的，但是我们两国又不同。中国是一个文明古国，它有着博大精深的文化。相对而言，指导我们民主制度文件的影响。代表了一些核心的原则，就是所
forge a more fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our 从很多方面来讲，很多年以来，我们是通为了缔造一个更完美的联合，我们也打过一个很痛苦的内战，把一部分我们被奴役的人口释放出来，经过一段时间才能使妇女有投票权，劳工有组织权，包括来自各地的移民能够全部不接受。即使他们被解放以后，非洲与美国人也和美国人经过一些分开的、不平等的条件，经过一段时间才争取到全面的平等权利。
None of this was easy. But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms. That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and "dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal" could long endure.
所有这些是不容易的。但是我们对这些核心原则的信念我们取得的进展，在最黑暗的风暴当 4
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中是作为我们的指南针。这是为什么林肯在内战期间站起来说过，任何一个国家以自由、以所有人类平等的原则能够长久的存在，
That is why Dr. Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed. That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores; why opportunity is available to all who would work for it; and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.
也就是为什么金博士在林肯纪念馆的前台站起来，说我们国家要必须真正的实现我们的信念。也就是为什么来自中国或者肯尼亚的移民能够到我们的家，也是为什么一个不到50年前以前在某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人，现在就能够做到那个国家的总统。
the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation. These freedoms of and to international law; and our faith in the future.
宗教崇拜自由、民能够享受到，美国和任何国家，对于普遍权利的尊敬，我们对其他文化的尊重，我们对国际法的承诺和对未来的信念的原则。
about China. Looking city -- and looking around this room -- I do In economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the largest Internet user -- which is why we were so
我们有很多要从中国学习。我们看看这个伟大城市的各地，也看看这个房间，我就相信我们两国有很重要的共同点，也就是对未来的信念，不管是美国还是中国，对现在的成就不能感到自满。虽然中国是一个古老的国家，你们也是充满信心展望未来，致力于下一代能够比这一代做的更好，除了你们不断增长的经济之外，我们很配合中国在科学和研究方面所投入的力量，包括建设的基础设施和使用的技术，中国是世界上使用互联网技术最多的国家，这就是我们很高兴互联网是今天活动的一部分。 This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change -- and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow. But above all, I see China's future in you -- young people whose talent and dedication 5
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and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.
这个国家也拥有最大的机动电话网络，对新的投资保持继续增长，和应对气候变化方面有新的投资，我也希望两国加强这方面的合作。但是更重要是看到年轻人你们的才能、你们的献身精神、你们的梦想在21世纪实现方面会发挥很大的作用。
I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected. The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek -- all of these things are shared. And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game; one country's success need not come at the expense of another.
我说过很多次，我认为世界是互相连接的，我们所做的工作，我们所建立的繁荣，我们所保护的环境，我们所追求的安全，所有这些都是共同的，而且是互相连接的，所以21实力不在零和游戏，一个国家成功不应该以另外一个国家的牺牲作为代价。
we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the of To return to the proverb -- consider the past. We know that more is when great America.
比互相碰撞会取得更多得好处，我认为我们合作应该我们所研究的内容，我们所从事的生意，我们 And I'm that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young 10万人。这样交流就会表现出我们是愿意致力于加强两国人民的联系，而且我是绝对有信心。对美国来说，最好的大使、最好的使者就是年轻人，他们和你们一样，很有才能，充满活力，对未来的历史还是很乐观的，这是我们合作的下一步，惠及两国和全世界。今天可以吸收的一个最重要的内容就是我们不断的向前推进。
So thank you very much. And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you. Thank you very much.
So -- I just want to make sure this works. This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings. And what we're going to do is I will just -- if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands. I will call on you. And then I will 6
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alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy.
So let me begin, though, by seeing -- and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then -- so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair. All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front. Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you. And what's your name?
非常感谢。现在欢迎各位提问题。顺便说一句，这在美国是非常常见的传统——举行这种市政会议，我现在要做的就是如果你有兴趣提问的话请举手，我会说请你提问。观众中问一个问题，然后再让这些学生代表以及洪大使从网上代为提问。一个女生，来回这么找，让大家知道我是公平的。
这位小女孩你来开始吧。请等一下我给你话筒。
cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will Exposition next year. Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you.
我叫程熙，我是复旦大学的学生，上海和芝加哥从进行过各种经贸、文化、政治交流，?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you for the question. I was just having lunch before I came here with the Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent 非常感谢你的问题，他和我说他跟芝加哥，也就是我的
great interest in finding new strategies.
我刚才和韩市长谈的问题之一就是我们这些城市如何可以彼此进行交流，比如就洁净能源的策略进行交流。因为美中两国共同面对的问题就是我们如何在人口增长的过程中，又解决气候变化的问题，同时减少我们二氧化碳的排放。很显然，在美国以及在很多发达国家，人均能耗量都比中国的人均能耗量大，不过在中国成长的过程中，能耗量会增加，因此，我们找到新的战略，这符合我们两国的利益。
We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai. I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail.
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In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient. And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating. And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.
我们刚才谈了大众捷运，我知道上海和其他城市之间就有这种快轨，我相信美国以及芝加哥可以在这种快轨方面向中国学习。而在美国我们也在学习如何建造这种绿色建筑，当然，在上海我看到有很多的吊车，很多的建筑在盖起来。因此在这些新的技术上我们进行合作是非常非常重要的，使得我们每一个建筑在采光、取暖等等方面都能减少能耗，使能源效率更高，这方面是我们两国可以相互学习的。
and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here. So going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting.
Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of ended up being 我知道上海世博会的焦点之一就是提高能效的问题，我将非常乐于参加上海世博会，当然，不过我感到非常高兴上海世博会将有我们的美国馆，芝加哥已经举办过两次世博会，我希望上海情况也是如此，谢谢。
Thank you. (Applause.)
Q I from the Internet. I want to thank you, Mr. President, for visiting 总统先生，我是上海交通大学的学生。我的问题是，您来中国的第一印象是什么?你给中国带来什么?又想从中国带走什么?
PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future. I have had several meetings now with President Hu. We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis. We have had consultations about a wide range of issues. But I think it's very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States.
好。这次访问的主要目的就是加深我对中国和中国对未来的愿景的理解，我已经和胡主席进 8
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行了几次会晤，我们一起参加20国峰会，就是应对金融危机，另外，我们就范围广泛的问题也进行磋商。但是我认为很重要的是美国要继续不断的加深对中国的了解，同样中国要不断加深对美国的了解也是重要的。
In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you -- these are all highlights -- but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree.
至于我这次会晤希望有什么成果或者访问的成果，除了能够看紫禁城和长城这么伟大的好的机会，还有会见各位，所有这些都是我的一些高潮和亮点。除此以外，一些问题，也就是洪大使提到的一点，世界上除非美中两国一致，是极少的。
So let me give and it has a take critical 我举个例子来说，刚才谈到的气候变化这个问题，从人均来讲，人均消耗的能源多得多，但是中国增长速度快得多，人口多得多，个问题，我们就无法解决这个问题。
to do exactly the United States -- but all of us should have these certain
那么12不会说每个国家承担的义务一样，显然中国贫穷的人数多得多，所但是各方都应该承担一些具体的义务，就是有关我们打算做些
how together the United States and China can show leadership. Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us. They will watch to see what we do. And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be serious either. That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry. And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues. Okay? (Applause.)
这只是一个例子，我希望会晤的成果，就是我和胡主席能够就美中两国怎么共同发挥领导作用而达成一致。因为我可以告诉各位，甚至很多其他国家他们将等着我们，他们要看我们做什么，他们要说，“你看美国、中国他们对这个并不认真，那他们也不会认真”。那两个国家 9
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就要承担做领导的责任。所以我们越是能够讨论这个问题，越是能够向全世界展现在这些问题上的领导作用。
All right, it's a -- I think it must be a boy's turn now. Right? So I'll call on this young man right here.
好吧，我想现在轮到男士。
Q (As translated.) Mr. President, good afternoon. I'm from Tongji University. I want to cite a saying from Confucius: "It is always good to have a friend coming from afar." In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences. China what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future?
我是同济大学黄立赫(音)。首先我想引用“有朋自远方来不亦乐乎”这句话来欢迎您，在《论和谐世界。合型文化，?哪些合作?谢谢您。
half-Indonesian; she's married person from Canada. So when you see family And that is a great States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society.
美国的优势之一就是我们是一个非常多元化的文化，我们那有来这对于美国人长什么样，你确实不能一言以蔽之，比如像我家我父我妹妹是半个印度尼西亚人，她又嫁了一位因此当你看到我们奥巴马全家聚会的时候我们就像联合国一样，什么人都因为它意味着我们从不同的文化、从不同的饮食，从不
Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions. And I think it's very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else. And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries.
同时每个国家在你中有我我中有你的世界中，每个国家有着自己的历史传统和文化，因此我认为对于美国来讲重要的一点就是不能推断说，我们有好的做法适用到别人身上的时候也可以带来好处。实际上这方面我们要虚心一点才行，对别的国家这种态度要虚心一点才行。 I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture. So, for example, in 10
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the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights -- that if children are being exploited, if there's forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past. That's a universal value.
如果要说正如我在开场白中所说的一样，我们确实认为一些基本的原则是所有人不管你是什么样的文化，对所有人都应该是共有的共性，比如在联合国我们非常活跃于联合国来努力确保世界各地的儿童都能够得到某些基本权利的待遇。当然，有些地方儿童受到剥削、压榨，强迫他们做童工，尽管以前不同的国家包括美国发生过这样的事情，但是世界上所有的国家都应当有一个共同的标准，就是要以比过去更好的方式来对待我们的儿童，价值观。
in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well. I an excellent treats its women. And countries that are tapping into the energy of women and the rights of women all around the certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting there is violence towards women, we will speak out.
我跟上海的韩市长在吃午餐的时候进行了很有趣的讨论，比如在大学生中女生比男生还多，很小的指标，因为你看看世界各地的发展，那些做得好的国家他们得到好当然，男女关系中不同的文化有不同的做法，不过当然，有些社会中妇女受还有妇女受到暴力的影响等等，见到这些情况的时候我
we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make. If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society. And so we don't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it's important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values.
当然，有些人可能不同意我们的观点，我们可以就此展开对话，但是我们能够实现我们的理想才行。当然，我们在做这个事情的过程中，我们要虚心，我们并不是十全十美的，我们在很多问题上也要取得进展，你跟美国的妇女讲的时候，她们会跟你说：很多男人对于妇女在社会中的地位还有一些成见。因此我们绝不声称我们解决了这些问题，但是我们认为就这些 11
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问题，普世的原则我们还是要谈的。
Okay? All right. We're going to take a question from the Internet.
下面听听网民的提问。
Q Hello, Mr. President. It's a great honor to be here and meet you in person.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.
Q I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan. In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan. Now I am doing business on the mainland. And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well. So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose -- make our cross-straits relations suffer. So I would like to know if, Mr. President, know your position on this question. Thank you. (Applause.)
总统先生，您好。我们非常荣幸来到这儿，我叫张新(音)一个网上的问题，这个问题是来自于台湾的一位同胞。现在我在大陆做生意，现在两岸关系在近年来不断地改善，当有人在美国说，美国想向台湾售武的时候我们非常担心，总统先生，我想知道您是否支持改善两岸关系。当然，但是其实对于所有的年轻
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. Well, I have in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as three joint communiqués that date back
我过去很明确，也就像三个联合公报所反映出的那样子，也包括和中华人民共和国的关系在内。我们不
can We always think that's the better course. And I think that economic ties and date back before you were born or even before I was born.
有一个事情，美国在对外政策当中，也包括针对中国的政策，我们一直寻求的一件事情就是要通过对话和谈判问题能够得到解决，我们一直认为这是最好的途径。我认为这个地区正在发生着经济和商务的联系，正在帮助缓和很多在你们出生或者我还没有出生以前就已经产生的紧张局势。
Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future. I prefer to look towards the future. And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place -- there's something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about 12
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ideology. And I think that that's starting to happen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process. Okay?
有些人还希望回顾过去来考虑问题，而不是展望未来，我还是希望能够展望未来。就像我刚才说的，现在建立的商务关系是有益的，有人认为做生意赚钱的话，他们会考虑得很清楚，而不会那么过分地担忧这些意识形态的问题，而且我认为这个地区已经看到这个现象，我们非常支持这样的进程。
Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there. Yes. Hold on, let's get -- whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here. I'll call on you next.
好吧。现在轮到女生。
Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later. Go ahead.
Q Thank you.
PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'll call on you later. But I'll on her first and then I'll afterwards.
Go ahead.
Q Okay, thank you. Mr. President, I'm a student from Shanghai Jiao I have a -- will it 谢谢。总统先生，个问题。您是如何看待您得奖的??您有更?
have won the prize. All I with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired people and the possibilities of changing not only to promote.
谢谢。正如我开始所说，关于我得到的和平奖这个问题最惊奇的就是不过我认为这个荣誉我有点不配。因为考虑到以前得奖的人所以他们把奖项颁发给了我，不过我只是对我们对世界态度的变化的一个象征而已。
In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President. And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job. (Laughter.) And so you -- there's a saying -- I don't know if there's a similar saying in China -- we have a saying: "You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it." And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it. 我感到这是一种殊荣——能够成为美国总统。正如我夫人经常提醒我说的，有时候我抱怨工作太忙了，她经常提醒我说：你是自己找的这份工作。英文里说你自己铺了床你只好自己到里面去睡觉。这个意思就是说有时候你要想得到什么东西真要小心一点，你真有可能得到这 13
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份东西。
I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world. It's not always easy to do. There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are -- date back for centuries. If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years. In many parts of the world -- let's say, in the continent of Africa -- there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve.
我认为我们每个人要在世界上促进我们的和平，做到这一点并不容易。现在世界上有很多冲突，这些冲突有数百年的历史，比如你看看中东的情况，这些战争和冲突他们来源于一千年以前的斗争，比如在非洲有部落的冲突，这都很难得到解决。
And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to as attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of with this kind of violence.
作为美国总统，我的工作之一是我们美国武装力量的总指挥，保护美国人民，由于9?11力。
Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever eliminate violence between and between cultures.
当然，但是我们可以大大减少这些暴力。文化与文化之间的理解来做到这一点。
And particularly now individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much big countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do; that we have to military forces because nobody can stop us. That's a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations. And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world. (Applause.)
此时此刻，一个人可以引爆炸弹，带来很大的破坏。因此，我们要实行这种和平的策略就变得更加重要了。技术可以造福于人，但是也可以使这些少数人造成巨大的破坏。正因如此，我希望在我跟胡主席的会谈中，以及今后进行的会谈中，美国和中国可以共同合作来共同减少我们在世界各地所看到的冲突。同时，我们还要牢记这样一个事实，当我们动用军事力量的时候，因为我们是大国、强国，我们自己要三思而行，我们要看看自己有什么动机，有什 14
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么利益来确保我们不仅仅由于别人管不了我们我们就动辄使用我们的军力，而这些大国要在世界之林中本着负责任的做法采取行动才行，我希望美国和中国能够共同地帮助建立国际准则以减少世界各地的冲突。
Okay. All right? Jon -- I'm going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy. This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S. press corps so that --
好吧，我现在请我的洪大使，现在有一个网民通过我们使馆网站提了一个问题。
AMBASSADOR HUNTSMAN: That's right. And not surprisingly, "in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, do you know of the firewall?" And second, "should we be able to use Twitter freely" -- is the question.
第一，有这么多互联网使用者的国家，有6000万写博客的人，我们是不是应该自由的使用TWITTER?
things on the phone. But I am a big believer in technology and I'm a in openness when it comes to the flow of information. I think that the more flows, the It encourages creativity.
首先让我说，我从来没有使用过TWITTER非常重视开放性。在信息流动方面，我认为越是能够自由的信息流通， And so I've always been a strong of open Internet use. I'm a big supporter of non-censorship. This is part of of the United States that I discussed before, and I 我是非常支持不审查内容，在美国我过去谈过，但是我可以告诉各位，在美国，
oh, that person say that about me, or that's irresponsible, or -- but the truth is that because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don't want to hear. It forces me to examine what I'm doing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that I could be doing for the people of the United States.
但是我也应该很诚实的告诉各位，作为美国总统，有的时候我还是希望信息不是那么自由的流通，因为这样我就不需要听到人们在批评我，我认为很自然的。在人处于一个实力地位的时候就会想到，你为什么这样说我，你这样说是很不负责的。可是真实的情况是这样，因为在美国信息是自由的，因为在美国有很多人批评我说各种各样的事情，但我还是认为，这样 15
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才会使得我们的民族制度变得更强，使我变成一个更好的领导人，因为它迫使我听到一些我不愿意听到的意见，也迫使我审查我正在做的事情，每天都要审查，要看我是不是真的为美国人民做我能做的最好的事情。
And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for that kind of citizen participation. In fact, one of the reasons that I won the presidency was because we were able to mobilize young people like yourself to get involved through the Internet. Initially, nobody thought we could win because we didn't have necessarily the most wealthy supporters; we didn't have the most powerful political brokers. But through the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and they started to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events and well.
所以我认为互联网现在已经变成一个更强的工具，可以让公民来参与。实际上，当了总统的一个原因之一我们能够动员很多年轻人，通过互联网来动员。没有人会想到我会赢，因为我们不是得到最富裕的支持者、政治上最有权利的人支持我们，可是人们通过互联网看到我们竞选，他们开始感到很兴奋，
Now, that's not just true in Internet, they were able to create an industry that has commerce all around the world. So if it had not been for the freedom and that the Internet allows, Google wouldn't exist.
这不仅在政府和政治，在企业界一样。像这种公司，不到20年前，它只是两个年龄跟你们差不多一样的人创业，后来因为互联网，他们能够创造一个产业，所以要不是有很自由的开放性，就像互联网所提供的开放性，那Google
So I'm a big supporter Internet use, Internet access, other information TWITTER这种信息技
about.
像我的两个女儿玛丽亚和娜塔莎，一个是11岁，一个是8岁，在她们的房间可以上网，通过互联网可以达到世界任何地方，可以学到她们想学的内容，这是她们巨大的力量，她们拥有这种力量，也有利于促进相互理解。
Now, as I said before, there's always a downside to technology. It also means that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that they might not have been able to do before. Extremists can mobilize. And so there's some price that you pay for openness, there's no denying that. But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it's better to maintain that openness. And that's part of why I'm so glad that the Internet was part of this forum. Okay?
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就像我刚才所说的，技术也有负面，恐怖分子也可以通过互联网做一些以前他们做不到的事情，有一些极端分子也可以动员。当然开放性肯定要付出某种代价，这是不能否认的。可是我想好的远远多于坏的，所以还是要保持开放是好的，这是我很高兴互联网也作为这个论坛的一部分。
I'm going to take two more questions. And the next one is from a gentleman, I think. Right here, yes. Here's the microphone.
Q First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to stand here to ask you the questions. I think I am so lucky and just appreciate that your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset. (Laughter.)
And here comes my question. My name is (inaudible) from Fudan University of success.
我想说我非常荣幸，站在这里向您提问，常清楚。我是周元天(音)贝尔奖的问题了，那么我不会以同样的角度问您，因为您?还有您的大学教育怎么样使您得到这个奖项?我们很好奇，如何才能走上成功的道路? are working very hard, hard. You're curious. You're willing to think about who are successful I who are not only willing to work very hard but are constantly trying and to think in new ways, and not just accept the 这是不能担保的。非常有好奇心。同时，愿意自己去思考一而我现在经常见到的这些人他们对我最有启发的以及最成功的这些人，我
Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of you are going to be going into government service; some of you might want to be teachers or professors; some of you might want to be businesspeople. But I think that whatever field you go into, if you're constantly trying to improve and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantly asking new questions -- "Are there things that I could be doing differently? Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before, whether it's in science or technology or in the arts? -- those are usually the people who I think are able to rise about the rest.
很显然，在成功的问题上殊途同归，有些人进入政府服务，有些人想当老师、教授，有些人想经商。但是我认为不管你从事哪个领域的工作，如果你不断地努力更新和改进，而不只是 17
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满足于现状，一直在扪心自问，看看是否能够以不同的方式来解决问题的话，那么不管是科学也好、技术也好、艺术也好，去尝试前人没有用过的方法，只有这些人才能出人头地。 The one last piece of advice, though, that I would have that has been useful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful, they're not just thinking only about themselves but they're also thinking about something larger than themselves. So they want to make a contribution to society. They want to make a contribution to their country, their nation, their city. They are interested in having an impact beyond their own immediate lives.
我还有一个忠告，这个忠告对我来讲很有用，就是说我最敬仰的那些成功的人士，他们不但考虑自己，他们同时还考虑超越自己的事情，他们希望对世界做出贡献，他们希望对他们的国家做出贡献，对他们的城市做出贡献，他们希望除了对自己的生活有所影响，的生活也带来影响。
nice car and have a nice house and -- all those things are important, but the really 有时候我们会忙于挣钱、买好车、买大房子，但是那些真正在青史留名的人是因为他们有更大的向往，能够让更多的儿童受到教育，如何能够以和平方式解决冲突等等。我相信只students here.
Q Mr. President, it's a for the last question. And I'm a college student from Fudan whether the greatest security concern for the United States? And how do you 我是复旦大学的学生，今天我也是中国的青年网民代表。他非常关注您的阿富汗政策。他想知道，恐怖主义是否仍?您如何看待在阿富汗的行动是否会升级成另外一场阿富汗战争? PRESIDENT OBAMA: I think that's an excellent question. Well, first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States' security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda. And the reason is, is because even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, is that they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocent civilians. And because of technology today, if an organization like that got a weapon of mass destruction on its hands -- a nuclear or a chemical or a biological weapon -- and they used it in a city, whether it's in Shanghai or New York, just a few individuals could potentially kill tens of thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands. So it really does pose an extraordinary threat.
这是一个非常好的问题。首先我还继续认为对美国安全最大的威胁是像“基地”组织那样恐 18
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怖的网络。原因是因为虽然他们数量少，他们已经表明他们是无良心的，这是毁灭无辜人民的行为。因为今天的技术，使得那样的组织得到大规模毁灭性武器，比如核武器、生物武器、化学武器，在一个城市使用，不管是在上海还是纽约，只是少数几个人也可能杀害几万人、几十万人，所以这是构成极大的危险。
Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because al Qaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban. They have now moved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, but they continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in that region. And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilize Afghanistan so that the people of Afghanistan can protect themselves, but they can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremist networks.
我们原来进入阿富汗的原因是因为“基地”组织在那里，塔利班接收他们在那里，要的是我们要使阿富汗实现稳定或者使阿富汗的人民能够保护自己，帮助减少这些极端组织的力量。
Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing 很显然，这是非常困难的事情。战场去，我经常要会见那些战争死亡人员的父母亲，这使我心里感到非常痛苦。
working in a broader coalition with our NATO and others that are contributing like 女士们，他们为国家服务的信念这么强，他们还是愿意像澳大利亚做贡献的人，使他们能够拥有一个发挥作用的政府，拥因为已经不再存在塔利班刚刚走
But it's It's not easy. And ultimately I think in trying to defeat these terrorist in thinking that somehow these kinds of violent acts are appropriate, part of what's happened in places like Pakistan and Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have no opportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, and that leads them into thinking that this is their only option.
但是这个任务是很不容易的。是最终要击败这些恐怖主义的极端分子，我们要记住他们不只是支持恐怖活动，还会什么事情使得年轻人变成恐怖分子，出于什么动机他们愿意搞自杀炸弹。当然有很多不同的原因，其中包括有一种歪曲宗教的作用，使人们认为这种暴力行为是适当的，就像巴基斯坦和阿富汗发生的因素之一，那些人没有受到教育，也没有机会，所以他们看到在生活中没有向前走的路子，所以他们就想唯一的选择就做那种事情，
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And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that we can train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so that people have a greater sense of hope. That won't change the ideas of a Osama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike at the West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruit from. And that is at least as important, if not more important over time, as whatever military actions that we can take. Okay? 所以我们在阿富汗要实现的目的之一就是找到一些方法来培训老师，建立学校，改善农业的状况，给人民更大的希望。这个不会改变本?拉丹的想法，他们的意识形态是非常固定的，就是要打击西方，但是他们会改变一些年轻人的想法，这个很重要。从更长远来讲，这个事情比我们采取的军事行动可能是更重要的。
very impressed with all of your English. Clearly chance to meet with all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of relations.
will be welcome. I think you will find that the American people feel towards the help to bring about a more peaceful and secure world.
今天我过得非常愉快，非常感谢各位，很明显你们是很用功的学习。有机会和大家见面，我希望你们很多人有机会到美国来，你们会受到欢迎，而且我是充满信心，我们两个伟大的国家会继04]
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