姓名：刘槐 学号;P101011851 班级：08级英语（1）班

对肯尼迪总统的就职演讲文章进行分析

人物方面：肯尼迪总统是美国口才最好的总统之一，此篇文章是其于一九六一年的就职演讲辞。在本文中他呼呼吁语果断和牺牲精神来应对当前的许多挑战。这一演讲词重新肯定了杰佛逊与威尔逊的第一任就职演讲辞所立下的原则。具有一脉相承的作用，同时又用他们的威信来为自己的演讲服务使其的演讲更具说服力，因为如果民众否认了肯尼迪在此演讲中所宣扬的精神，那么也是对前面两位总统的否定，也更是对美国所宣称的自由、民主、平等、博爱等人权的否定—自我的否定。

从全文来看：本文短小简练，布局合理，逻辑性强，而且严密，语气铿锵有力，掷地有声如排山倒海之势。

从文章结构来看采用了由近到远，由此及彼；首先本文第一段对这次大选的结果进行了过大的说明即“我们今天庆祝的不是一次政党的胜利，而是一次自由的庆典：它象征着结束，也象征着开始;意味着更新，也意味着变革等话来勾起听众的兴趣，进而能更好的阐述自己新的执政理念，也好让观众洗耳恭听。

其次，将话题扩大到当今世界人权之现状：虽然人权是人类与生俱来的—上帝所赐予，但任然处于争议中，人们的人权任被剥夺。再到美国自身的人权现状说美国独立战争使每个美国人拥有了自由，而如今美国人任将继续坚贞不渝的拥有与维护即便付出任何代价，应付任何艰辛，支持任何朋友，反对任何敌人，以确保自由的存在与实现。

再次从和则两利，分则两伤的角度来说明自己与盟友的关系。只要团结，则在许多合作事业中几乎没有什么事办不到的。如果分裂，意见分歧，各行其是；那么我们便无可作为。

又接着从周边的国家的角度来谈美国要如何来确保他们拥有人权。即将美好诺言化作善行，在争取进步的心联盟中援助自由和自由之政府来摆脱贫困的枷锁。

最后又将话题线索转到美国自身，用“不要问你们的国家能为你们做什么，而要问你们能为国家做什么”。呼吁同胞们为国家做贡献，为自由而争取。

带有浓厚的宗教色彩。如本文第二自然段“人权并非来自政府的慷慨施予，而是上帝所赐”。及最后一段中“祈求上帝的保佑与扶携，但我们知道在这个世界上，上帝的任务肯定就是我们自己应肩负的责任”。在演讲中与上帝有关的话说明了在美国人大都信仰基督教。而肯尼迪多次提到上帝就是要用上帝的名义来说服民众并让之相信。

本文运用了多种修辞手法。并列法“We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom” 矛盾法”Symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning ;signifying renewal ,as well as change”排比法“We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe.”是演讲更具有气势，如 排山倒海之势向听众涌来，更具说服力，感染力，更让听众信服，洗耳恭听。

第二篇：肯尼迪就职演讲背景分析 The Background Meaning in John F.Kennedy Inaugural Address

The Background Meaning in John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address

摘要:肯尼迪是美国历史上最年轻的总统,他的当选代表了二战后的年轻主张.肯尼迪的就职演讲被认为是美国总统就职演讲中最为精彩的篇章之一,其语言简明、结构巧妙, 内容也反映了当时的政治，文化，社会背景，值得我们探究学习。

关键词:就职演讲;权利;核力量.

Abstract:  Kennedy was the youngest person elected U.S. President .His presidency came to represent the America youthful idealism in the aftermath of World War II. And Kennedy’s address was considered as one of the most wonderful in American history, the words in it is short, well-organized, inflected the political, culture, social background, and his sentences were worthing study.

Key Words: Inaugural address; Rights; Nuclear power.

President Kennedy was an excellent speaker and writer; Kennedy's speech object is global ，does not only aimed at the American citizen, moreover in view of international judgment. He applied various historics. Such as, alleles, repetition, alliteration, antithesis, metaphor, synecdoche. And he used the first person, let people in the same standpoint, feel comfortable, so make it easy to win their support. He aroused American's sense of pride and responsibility, enabled the speech having strong sedition .In his address, we can learn the political, social, cultural situations at that moment; appreciate the art of his language.

1.Kennedy’s victory is all the people’s victory.

“We observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom--symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning--signifying renewal, as well as change…”(张汉熙,1995,51-56)

 Kennedy emphasized that he become the president of America is not only a victory of a party but also embody the celebration of freedom. It symbolizing a new start , which fulfill hope, freedom. Equal rights. It is also the victory of all the American people and the human rights career.

2.The new generations advocate freedom, equal rights and peace.

“…We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world…”(张汉熙,1995,51-56)

Some Americans proudly called the 1950s the Placid Decade. The United States had made huge profits in the Second World War... As a result, the post-war years saw a degree of prosperity of capitalist economy. The relation between capital and labor became less intense.( 狄红秋,2008;209-211)There was a relative peace. As to the new generation ,few of they have been influenced by the old doctrine of pre-world war，they witness the tragedy of war and the power of the nucleus. Americans are free—free to express to create, and ideally, to solve problems, and expect to make the world a better place. They rose with a respect, recognition for and expectation of continued freedom; they have immense freedom and their ancient people fought to have freedom.

Kennedy, as a spirited image, he called on people to pursue freedom, human rights, etc. He took vigorous action in the cause of equal rights calling for new civil rights legislation. He wished America to resume its old mission as the first dedicated to the revolution of human rights. With the Alliance for Progress and the Peace Corps, he brought American idealism to the aid of developing nations and leaded the nation on its longest sustained expansion since WWII.

3. Diplomacy policy and nuclear power at Kennedy’s times.

 VS  “… Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction...But neither can two GREat and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.” (张汉熙,1995,51-56)

At that time, the contradiction between socialism countries and capitalistic states is still sharp. Ever since the advent of atomic bombs at the end of the Second World War, the nuclear weapon has played a very important part in United States world strategy. In its rivalry with the former Soviet Union, the United States had used its nuclear arsenal either as a trump card or as a bargaining chip according to the ever-changing balance of power.

4.The Cuba nuclear crisis.

Soon after his inauguration, Russians tried to install nuclear missiles in Cuba. When this was discovered in October 1962.Kennedy imposed quarantine on al offensive weapons bound for Cuba. While the world trembled on the brink of nuclear war, the Russians backed down and agreed to take he missiles away… the months after the Cuba crisis showed significant progress toward Kennedy’s goal of  “a world of law and free choice, banishing the world of war and coercion”. His administration thus saw the beginning of new hope for both the equal rights of Americans and the peace of the world.

5.” …become the host of our own…”America say to the Americas.

  “…To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom--and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside…” “…Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house….”(张汉熙,1995,51-56)

 In this address, Kennedy used many metaphors to convey implicated meanings. In the first sentence, he talked about some countries were used to seek the aids from socialist country, but lost their freedom at last. He thought this is very foolish, implying and treating the other countries don’t be close to socialism any more. Next, he spoke in a sincerely tone, calling on all the American people to protect their freedom, their human rights … of course, under their eldest brother --America‘s leader. He compared “…his peaceful revolution of hope...” and “Americas” to “…the prey hostile powers” and “a house” (李志坤, 2007:3), and America will never allow it, Americas should become the host of their own. Once again, the United States called on other countries to under the flag of capitalistic to fight against socialism countries (the former Soviet Union).

6. Massive Holy Bible languages were used in the address.

Although Kennedy’s address was given to the whole world, as to the people of English countries who mostly is Christian and believe in the God, he quoted many sentences in the Bible. Perhaps he thought that such language style would arouse the sense of agreement among English countries, or on the other hand, maybe this is because Kennedy believes in Catholicism. And people always suspect whether he can fulfill his responsibility impartially or not, because he is a Catholic. In order to reply this, in September of 1960,Kennedy said he was not Catholic candidate for President; he was the Democratic Party's candidate for President who happens also to be a Catholic. And he was not speaking for his Church on public matters—and the Church does not speak for him. And Kennedy also stressed there are many other things which is much more important than religion. War, hunger, ignorance and despair have no religion limit, and we should use religion tolerance to serve the national well-being. His speech restrained the noisy sound surrounding his religion issues.

Biography:

[1]狄红秋. Celebration Hall: Presidents of the U.S.A.[ M ].天津：天津大学出版社，2008，209-211.

[2]李志坤et al. 《肯尼迪就职演说词的语用含义探究》[J/OL]. CJFD收录刊, 科技信息(学术研究) 20##年 09期,3.

[3]张汉熙et al. 《高级英语》[ M ].北京：外语教学与研究出版社,1995,51-56.