奥巴马20xx年对大学生的演讲稿

时间:2024.3.15

Every single one of you has something you are good at. Every single one of has something to offer. And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is. That is the opportunity an education can provide. And this is not just important for your own life and your own future. What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.

Where you are right now does not have to determine where you will end up. No one has written your destiny for you. Here in America,you write your own destiny. You make your own future. That is on excuse for not trying. But the truth is that being successful is hard. However, Michael Jordan said,”I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.” These people succeeded because they understand that you cannot let your failures define you-you have to let them teach you.

No one is born being good at things,you become good at things,you become good at things through hard work.

Do not be afraid to ask for help when you need it. Asking for help is not a sign of weakness,it is a sign of strength. It shows you have the courage to admit when you donot know something, and to learn something new.

And even when you are struggling.even you are discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up you-do not ever give up on youself. Because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.


第二篇:20xx年奥巴马在上海对话中国大学生


TheWhite HouseOffice of the Press SecretaryFor Immediate ReleaseNovember 16, 2009Remarks by President Barack Obama at Town Hall Meeting withFuture Chinese LeadersMuseum of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China1:18 P.M. CSTPRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon. It is a great honor for meto be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all ofyou. I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for hishospitality and his gracious welcome. I'd also like to thank ouroutstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep tiesand respect between our nations. I don't know what he said, but I hope itwas good. (Laughter.)What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then whatI'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only fromstudents who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online,which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience,as well as by Ambassador Huntsman. And I am very sorry that myChinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to thischance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see thismajestic country. Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caughtthe attention of the world -- the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streetsand entrepreneurial activity. And just as I'm impressed by these signs ofChina's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient placesthat speak to us from China's distant past. Tomorrow and the next day Ihope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of theForbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall. Truly, this is a nationthat encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of thefuture.The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of therelationship between the United States and China. It was here, 37 yearsago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter ofengagement between our governments and among our people. However,America's ties to this city -- and to this country -- stretch back further, tothe earliest days of America's independence.In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned theEmpress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it couldpursue trade with the Qing Dynasty. Washington wanted to see the shipcarry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations likeChina. This is a common American impulse -- the desire to reach fornew horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history havesteered the relationship between our countries in many directions. Andeven in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities toforge deep and even dramatic ties. For instance, Americans will nev

erforget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over yoursoil duringWorldWar II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked allthat they had by doing so. And Chinese veterans of that war still warmlygreet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought tohelp liberate China from occupation.A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when thefrost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game oftable tennis. The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed toits success -- because for all our differences, both our common humanityand our shared curiosity were revealed. As one American playerdescribed his visit to China -- "[The]people are just like us…The countryis very similar to America, but still very different."Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of theShanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formalrelations between the United States and China in 1979. And in threedecades, just look at how far we have come.In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5billion -- today it tops over $400 billion each year. The commerce affectsour people's lives in so many ways. America imports from China manyof the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear; and we export to Chinamachinery that helps power your industry. This trade could create evenmore jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoya better quality of life. And as demand becomes more balanced, it canlead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and Chinawas rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union. Today,we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship thatopens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time --economic recovery and the development of clean energy; stopping thespread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change; thepromotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe. All ofthese issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with PresidentHu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited. Today, wesee the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that arebeing forged across many sectors. The second highest number of foreignstudents in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students. Thereare nearly 200 "friendship cities" drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love ofbasketball -- I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharksgame while I'm visiting.It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries hasaccompanied a period of positive change. China has lifted hundreds ofmil

lions of people out of poverty -- an accomplishment unparalleled inhuman history -- while playing a larger role in global events. And theUnited States has seen our economy grow along with the standard ofliving enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successfulconclusion.There is a Chinese proverb: "Consider the past, and you shall know thefuture." Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30years. Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined -- not whenwe consider the past. Indeed, because of our cooperation, both theUnited States and China are more prosperous and more secure. We haveseen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engageon the basis of mutual respect.And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding --on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and fromone another. For just as that American table tennis player pointed out --we share much in common as human beings, but our countries aredifferent in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course. China is anancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture. The United States, bycomparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the manydifferent immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the foundingdocuments that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and theyenshrine several core principles -- that all men and women are createdequal, and possess certain fundamental rights; that government shouldreflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes; that commerceshould be open, information freely accessible; and that laws, and notsimply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways -- over many years -- we have struggled to advance thepromise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfectunion. We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of ourpopulation from slavery. It took time for women to be extended the rightto vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants fromdifferent corners of the globe to be fully embraced. Even after they werefreed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separateand not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy. But we made progress because of our belief inthose core principles, which have served as our compass through thedarkest of storms. That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst ofcivil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived inliberty, and "dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal"could long endure. That is why Dr. Martin Luther King could stand on thesteps of the Lincoln Memorial an

d ask that our nation live out the truemeaning of its creed. That's why immigrants from China to Kenya couldfind a home on our shores; why opportunity is available to all who wouldwork for it; and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago wouldhave had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve asits President.And that is why America will always speak out for these core principlesaround the world. We do not seek to impose any system of governmenton any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that westand for are unique to our nation. These freedoms of expression andworship -- of access to information and political participation -- webelieve are universal rights. They should be available to all people,including ethnic and religious minorities -- whether they are in the UnitedStates, China, or any nation. Indeed, it is that respect for universal rightsthat guides America's openness to other countries; our respect for differentcultures; our commitment to international law; and our faith in the future.These are all things that you should know about America. I also knowthat we have much to learn about China. Looking around at thismagnificent city -- and looking around this room -- I do believe that ournations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in thefuture. Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on ourachievements. For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearlylooking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see thattomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinarycommitment to science and research -- a commitment borne out ineverything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user -- which is why we were sopleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event. This countrynow has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing inthe new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climatechange -- and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership betweenthe United States and China in this critical area tomorrow. But above all,I see China's future in you -- young people whose talent and dedicationand dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentallyinterconnected. The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, theenvironment we protect, the security that we seek -- all of these things areshared. And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is nolonger a zero-sum game; one country's success need not come at theexpense of another. And that is why the United States insists we do notseek to contain China's rise. On the contrary, we welcome China as astrong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations-- a C

hina that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individualChinese like you.To return to the proverb -- consider the past. We know that more is tobe gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide. That is alesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is theexample of the history between our nations. And I believe strongly thatcooperation must go beyond our government. It must be rooted in ourpeople -- in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledgethat we gain, and even in the sports that we play. And these bridges mustbe built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts inAmerica.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States willdramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to100,000. And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build tiesamong our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the21st century. And I'm absolutely confident that America has no betterambassadors to offer than our young people. For they, just like you, arefilled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet tobe written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that willserve our nations, and the world. And if there's one thing that we cantake from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue thisdialogue going forward.So thank you very much. And I look forward now to taking somequestions from all of you. Thank you very much. (Applause.)So -- I just want to make sure this works. This is a tradition, by the way,that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings.And what we're going to do is I will just -- if you are interested in asking aquestion, you can raise your hands. I will call on you. And then I willalternate between a question from the audience and an Internet questionfrom one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I thinkAmbassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtainfrom theWeb site of our embassy.So let me begin, though, by seeing -- and then what I'll do is I'll call on aboy and then a girl and then -- so we'll go back and forth, so that you knowit's fair. All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front.Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you. Andwhat's your name?Q My name is (inaudible) and I am a student from Fudan University.Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these twocities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and culturalexchanges. So what measures will you take to deepen this closerelationship between cities of the United States and China? AndShanghai will hold the World Exposition next year. Will you bring yourfamily to visit the Expo? Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question.I was just having lunch before I came here with

the Mayor of Shanghai,and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city ofChicago -- my home town -- that he's visited there twice. And I think it'swonderful to have these exchanges between cities.One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities canlearn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one ofthe issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expandingpopulation and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce ourcarbon footprint. And obviously in the United States and manydeveloped countries, per capita, per individual, they are already usingmuch more energy than each individual here in China. But as Chinagrows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well. So bothcountries have a great interest in finding new strategies.We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are beingdeveloped in Shanghai. I think we can learn in Chicago and the UnitedStates some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail.In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildingsthat use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient. And Iknow that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all thenew buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to startincorporating these new technologies so that each building is energyefficientwhen it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating. And so it'sa terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, isthe issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor. And so I wouldlove to attend. I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'mvery pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S. pavilion at theExpo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here.So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting.Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those exposended up being tremendous boosts for the city. So I'm sure the samething will happen here in Shanghai.Thank you. (Applause.)Why don't we get one of the questions from the Internet? Andintroduce yourself, in case --Q First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay?PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes.Q I want to pose a question from the Internet. I want to thank you,Mr. President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchangeviews with us in China. I want to know what are you bringing to China,your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the UnitedStates? (Applause.)PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen myunderstanding of China and its vision for the future. I have had severalmeetings now with President Hu. We participated together in the G20that was dealing with the economic financial crisis. We have hadconsultations abou

t a wide range of issues. But I think it's very importantfor the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, justas it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of theUnited States.In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, inaddition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden Cityand the GreatWall, and to meet with all of you -- these are all highlights --but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with PresidentHu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which isthere are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the UnitedStates and China agree.So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were justdiscussing of climate change. The United States and China are theworld's two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causingthe planet to warm. Now, the United States, as a highly developedcountry, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy andemits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China.On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has amuch larger population. So unless both of our countries are willing totake critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolveit.There's going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in whichworld leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all makecommitments that are differentiated so each country would not have thesame obligations -- obviously China, which has much more poverty,should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States -- but allof us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan willbe to reduce these greenhouse gases.So that's an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting -- ameeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about howtogether the United States and China can show leadership. Because I willtell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us. Theywill watch to see what we do. And if they say, ah, you know, the UnitedStates and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be seriouseither. That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries nowcarry. And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that wehave, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on thesemany critical issues. Okay? (Applause.)All right, it's a -- I think it must be a boy's turn now. Right? So I'llcall on this young man right here.Q (As translated.) Mr. President, good afternoon. I'm fromTongji University. I want to cite a saying from Confucius: "It is alwaysgood to have a friend coming from afar." In Confucius books, there is agreat saying which says that harmony is good, but also we upholddifferences. China advocates a harmonious world. We know that theUnited States develops a culture th

at features diversity. I want to know,what will your government do to build a diversified world with differentcultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures andhistories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we canconduct in the future?PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point. The United States,one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture. We havepeople coming from all around the world. And so there's no onedefinition of what an American looks like. In my own family, I have afather who was from Kenya; I have a mother who was from Kansas, in theMidwest of the United States; my sister is half-Indonesian; she's marriedto a Chinese person from Canada. So when you see family gatherings inthe Obama household, it looks like the United Nations. (Laughter.)And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means thatwe learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas,and that has made us a much more dynamic society.Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected worldhas its own culture and its own history and its own traditions. And Ithink it's very important for the United States not to assume that what isgood for us is automatically good for somebody else. And we have tohave some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries.I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believethat there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people,regardless of culture. So, for example, in the United Nations we are veryactive in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treatedwith certain basic rights -- that if children are being exploited, if there'sforced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have takenplace in the past in many different countries, including the United States,that all countries of the world now should have developed to the pointwhere we are treating children better than we did in the past. That's auniversal value.I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to thetreatment of women. I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayorof Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that inmany professions now here in China, there are actually more womenenrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well.I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that ifyou look at development around the world, one of the best indicators ofwhether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and howit treats its women. And countries that are tapping into the talents and theenergy of women and giving them educations typically do bettereconomically than countries that don't.So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes aboutthe relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view

of theUnited States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women allaround the world. And if we see certain societies in which women areoppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violencetowards women, we will speak out.Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can havea dialogue about that. But we think it's important, nevertheless, to be trueto our ideals and our values. And we -- and when we do so, though, wewill always do so with the humility and understanding that we are notperfect and that we still have much progress to make. If you talk towomen in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have alot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society. And so wedon't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it'simportant for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and theseuniversal values.Okay? All right. We're going to take a question from the Internet.Q Hello, Mr. President. It's a great honor to be here and meet youin person.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Q I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, andthis question is from somebody from Taiwan. In his question, he said:I come from Taiwan. Now I am doing business on the mainland. Anddue to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business inChina is doing quite well. So when I heard the news that some people inAmerica would like to propose -- continue selling arms and weapons toTaiwan, I begin to get pretty worried. I worry that this may make ourcross-straits relations suffer. So I would like to know if, Mr. President,are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although thisquestion is from a businessman, actually, it's a question of keen concern toall of us young Chinese students, so we'd really like to know your positionon this question. Thank you. (Applause.)PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. Well, I have been clear in thepast that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflectedin the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms ofour relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People'sRepublic of China. We don't want to change that policy and thatapproach.I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement incross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we willcontinue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of -- andthe People's Republic in resolving many of these issues.One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of itsforeign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking isways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved.We always think that's the better course. And I think that economic tiesand commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping tolower a lot of the tensions that da

te back before you were born or evenbefore I was born.Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when itcomes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future. I preferto look towards the future. And as I said, I think the commercial ties thatare taking place -- there's something about when people think that they cando business and make money that makes them think very clearly and notworry as much about ideology. And I think that that's starting to happenin this region, and we are very supportive of that process. Okay?Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there. Yes. Hold on,let's get -- whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here. I'll call on younext.Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later. Go ahead.Q Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'll call on you later. But I'll on her first andthen I'll call on you afterwards.Go ahead.Q Okay, thank you. Mr. President, I'm a student from ShanghaiJiao Tong University. I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize forPeace. In your opinion, what's the main reason that you were honoredthe Nobel Prize for Peace? And will it give you more responsibility andpressure to -- more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace?And will it bring you -- will it influence your ideas while dealing withthe international affairs? Thank you very much.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you. That was an excellent question.I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning theNobel Prize for Peace. Obviously it's a great honor. I don't believenecessarily that it's an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history ofpeople who have won the prize. All I can do is to, with great humility,accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the Americanpeople and the possibilities of changing not only America but alsoAmerica's approach to the world. And so in some ways I think they gaveme the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach toworld affairs that we are trying to promote.In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be putin the position of President. And as my wife always reminds me when Icomplain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job.(Laughter.) And so you -- there's a saying -- I don't know if there's asimilar saying in China -- we have a saying: "You made your bed, nowyou have to sleep in it." And it basically means you have to be carefulwhat you ask for because you might get it.I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in theworld. It's not always easy to do. There are still a lot of conflicts in theworld that are -- date back for centuries. If you look at the Middle East,there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back athousand years. In many parts of the world -- let's say, in the continent ofAfrica -- there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very

hard to resolve.And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of myjob is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protectthe American people. And because of the attacks on 9/11 and theterrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocentpeople are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root outthese terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries interms of dealing with this kind of violence.Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever completelyeliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that wecan definitely reduce the violence between peoples -- through dialogue,through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding betweenpeoples and between cultures.And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb thatcauses so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursuethese strategies for peace. Technology is a powerful instrument for good,but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormousdamage. And that's why I'm hopeful that in my meetings with PresidentHu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can worktogether to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place.We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use ourmilitary, because we're such big and strong countries, that we have to beself-reflective about what we do; that we have to examine our ownmotives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply usingour military forces because nobody can stop us. That's a burden thatgreat countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the communityof nations. And my hope is, is that the United States and China togethercan help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around theworld. (Applause.)Okay. All right? Jon -- I'm going to call on my Ambassador because Ithink he has a question that was generated through the Web site of ourembassy. This was selected, though, by I think one of the members ofour U.S. press corps so that --AMBASSADOR HUNTSMAN: That's right. And not surprisingly,"in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, doyou know of the firewall?" And second, "should we be able to useTwitter freely" -- is the question.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me say that I have neverused Twitter. I noticed that young people -- they're very busy with allthese electronics. My thumbs are too clumsy to type in things on thephone. But I am a big believer in technology and I'm a big believer inopenness when it comes to the flow of information. I think that the morefreely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because thencitizens of countries around the world can hold their own governmentsaccountable. They can begin to think for themselves. That generates newideas. It encourages creativ

ity.And so I've always been a strong supporter of open Internet use. I'm abig supporter of non-censorship. This is part of the tradition of theUnited States that I discussed before, and I recognize that differentcountries have different traditions. I can tell you that in the United States,the fact that we have free Internet -- or unrestricted Internet access is asource of strength, and I think should be encouraged.Now, I should tell you, I should be honest, as President of the UnitedStates, there are times where I wish information didn't flow so freelybecause then I wouldn't have to listen to people criticizing me all the time.I think people naturally are -- when they're in positions of powersometimes thinks, oh, how could that person say that about me, or that'sirresponsible, or -- but the truth is that because in the United Statesinformation is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who cansay all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes ourdemocracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me tohear opinions that I don't want to hear. It forces me to examine what I'mdoing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that Icould be doing for the people of the United States.And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for thatkind of citizen participation. In fact, one of the reasons that I won thepresidency was because we were able to mobilize young people likeyourself to get involved through the Internet. Initially, nobody thoughtwe could win because we didn't have necessarily the most wealthysupporters; we didn't have the most powerful political brokers. Butthrough the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and theystarted to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events andrallies. And it really ended up creating the kind of bottom-up movementthat allowed us to do very well.Now, that's not just true in -- for government and politics. It's also truefor business. You think about a company like Google that only 20 yearsago was -- less than 20 years ago was the idea of a couple of people notmuch older than you. It was a science project. And suddenly becauseof the Internet, they were able to create an industry that has revolutionizedcommerce all around the world. So if it had not been for the freedom andthe openness that the Internet allows, Google wouldn't exist.So I'm a big supporter of not restricting Internet use, Internet access,other information technologies like Twitter. The more open we are, themore we can communicate. And it also helps to draw the world together.Think about -- when I think about my daughters, Malia and Sasha -- oneis 11, one is 8 -- from their room, they can get on the Internet and they cantravel to Shanghai. They can go anyplace in the world and they can learnabout anything they want to learn about. And that's just an enormous

power that they have. And that helps, I think, promote the kind ofunderstanding that we talked about.Now, as I said before, there's always a downside to technology. It alsomeans that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that theymight not have been able to do before. Extremists can mobilize. Andso there's some price that you pay for openness, there's no denying that.But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it's better tomaintain that openness. And that's part of why I'm so glad that theInternet was part of this forum. Okay?I'm going to take two more questions. And the next one is from agentleman, I think. Right here, yes. Here's the microphone.Q First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to standhere to ask you the questions. I think I am so lucky and just appreciatethat your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset.(Laughter.)And here comes my question. My name is (inaudible) from FudanUniversity School of Management. And I would like to ask you thequestion -- is that now that someone has asked you something about theNobel Peace Prize, but I will not ask you in the same aspect. I want toask you in the other aspect that since it is very hard for you to get such kindof an honorable prize, and I wonder and we all wonder that -- how youstruggled to get it. And what's your university/college education thatbrings you to get such kind of prizes? We are very curious about it andwe would like to invite you to share with us your campus educationexperiences so as to go on the road of success.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me tell you that I don'tknow if there's a curriculum or course of study that leads you to win theNobel Peace Prize. (Laughter.) So I can't guarantee that. But I thinkthe recipe for success is the one that you are already following.Obviously all of you are working very hard, you're studying very hard.You're curious. You're willing to think about new ideas and think foryourself. You know, the people who I meet now that I find mostinspiring who are successful I think are people who are not only willing towork very hard but are constantly trying to improve themselves and tothink in new ways, and not just accept the conventional wisdom.Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of youare going to be going into government service; some of you might want tobe teachers or professors; some of you might want to be businesspeople.But I think that whatever field you go into, if you're constantly trying toimprove and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantlyasking new questions -- "Are there things that I could be doing differently?Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before,whether it's in science or technology or in the arts? -- those are usually thepeople who I think are able to rise about the rest.The one las

t piece of advice, though, that I would have that has beenuseful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful,they're not just thinking only about themselves but they're also thinkingabout something larger than themselves. So they want to make acontribution to society. They want to make a contribution to theircountry, their nation, their city. They are interested in having an impactbeyond their own immediate lives.I think so many of us, we get caught up with wanting to make money forourselves and have a nice car and have a nice house and -- all those thingsare important, but the people who really make their mark on the world isbecause they have a bigger ambition. They say, how can I help feedhungry people? Or, how can I help to teach children who don't have aneducation? Or, how can I bring about peaceful resolution of conflicts?Those are the people I think who end up making such a big difference inthe world. And I'm sure that young people like you are going to be ableto make that kind of difference as long as you keep working the wayyou've been working.All right? All right, this is going to be the last question, unfortunately.We've run out of time so quickly. Our last Internet question, because Iwant to make sure that we got all three of our fine students here.Q Mr. President, it's a great honor for the last question. And I'm acollege student from Fudan University, and today I'm also therepresentative of China's Youth (inaudible.) And this question I think isfrom Beijing: Paid great attention to your Afghanistan policies, and hewould like to know whether terrorism is still the greatest security concernfor the United States? And how do you assess the military actions inAfghanistan, or whether it will turn into another Iraqi war? Thank youvery much.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I think that's an excellent question. Well,first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States'security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda. And the reason is, isbecause even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, isthat they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocentcivilians. And because of technology today, if an organization like thatgot a weapon of mass destruction on its hands -- a nuclear or a chemical ora biological weapon -- and they used it in a city, whether it's in Shanghai orNew York, just a few individuals could potentially kill tens of thousands ofpeople, maybe hundreds of thousands. So it really does pose anextraordinary threat.Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because alQaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban. They have nowmoved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, butthey continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in thatregion. And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilizeAfghanistan so that the peop

le of Afghanistan can protect themselves, butthey can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremistnetworks.Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing -- one of the hardest thingsabout my job is ordering young men and women into the battlefield. Ioften have to meet with the mothers and fathers of the fallen, those who donot come home. And it is a great weight on me. It gives me a heavyheart.Fortunately, our Armed Services is -- the young men and women whoparticipate, they believe so strongly in their service to their country thatthey are willing to go. And I think that it is possible -- working in abroader coalition with our allies in NATO and others that are contributinglike Australia -- to help train the Afghans so that they have a functioninggovernment, that they have their own security forces, and then slowly wecan begin to pull our troops out because there's no longer that vacuum thatexisted after the Taliban left.But it's a difficult task. It's not easy. And ultimately I think in tryingto defeat these terrorist extremists, it's important to understand it's not justa military exercise. We also have to think about what motivates youngpeople to become terrorists, why would they become suicide bombers.And although there are obviously a lot of different reasons, including Ithink the perversion of religion, in thinking that somehow these kinds ofviolent acts are appropriate, part of what's happened in places like Pakistanand Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have noopportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, andthat leads them into thinking that this is their only option.And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that wecan train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so thatpeople have a greater sense of hope. That won't change the ideas of aOsama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike atthe West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruitfrom. And that is at least as important, if not more important over time,as whatevermilitary actions that we can take. Okay?All right, I have had a wonderful time. I am so grateful to all of you.First of all, let me say I'm very impressed with all of your English.Clearly you've been studying very hard. And having a chance to meetwith all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of U.S.-Chinarelations.I hope that many of you have the opportunity to come and travel andvisit the United States. You will be welcome. I think you will find thatthe American people feel very warmly towards the people of China. AndI am very confident that, with young people like yourselves and the youngpeople that I know in the United States, that our two great countries willcontinue to prosper and help to bring about a more peaceful and secureworld.So thank you very much everybody. Thank you

. (Applause.)END2:08 P.M. CST

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