俞敏洪的话

时间:2024.4.13

大学要做的几件事

--俞敏洪在四川农业大学的演讲(节选)

希望我们在座的同学从今天做起,让自己由平凡走向伟大,由失望走向希望,由懦弱走向勇敢。用在大学的这种积极上进的心态走向未来,一辈子永远往前走!

同学们,今天我们要讲一讲大学生活,因为大学生活对于我们这四年来说是非常珍贵的。我们要做好哪几件事情,才能够使大学生活变得更加有意义呢?我总结了四大要素,即三个追求、一个准备:追求知识、追求友谊、追求爱情,为工作做好充分的准备。

追求知识

所谓追求知识,我们要分成两个领域讲,即专业知识和普遍知识。

对待专业,一种态度是我喜欢所以我学习。不管是研究水稻还是研究小麦,你一看到就喜欢得疯狂,就要研究,你都不用去问这个专业在这个世界上是否需要。既然大学设置了这个专业,表明这个世界必然需要这个专业。

如果说你不太喜欢,但是你觉得学这个专业未来能找到一份好工作,可能会成为你生存的工具,照样可以学。我从来没有喜欢过英语,到现在为止我还依然坚持在学英语。为什么?因为英语变成了我的工具。我当时考大学,不是因为我喜欢英语,是因为当时考英语专业不用考数学。我喜欢中文,也喜欢中国历史和中国哲学,但是最后我不得不学英语,我发现英语对我有用。因为我学英语,我在北大当了老师;因为我学英语,最后做成了新东方;因为我的英语水平,敢把新东方弄到美国去上市;因为我的英语交流水平,任何美国投资者给我打电话我都不害怕,使新东方的股票非常稳定。

同学们,当你们登山的时候,你可以不喜欢手中的拐棍,但是你不能扔掉那根拐棍,脱离那根拐棍,你就登不上山了。我发现英语就是我的拐杖,让我在新东方的事业这座山峰上不断往上攀登,那我就不能把它扔掉。到现在为止,尽管我很忙,但是每天也依然要抽出半个到一个小时来读读英语、学学英语、背背单词,保证每天一点点地成长和进步。

专业学到什么水平算是学到家了呢?我常常说,专业水平就是在全中国这个领域中,你能算是前一百位就非常了不起了。当然,要尽可能地把范围缩小。比如说,我曾经希望自己是全中国前一百位的英语专家,后来我发现一点希望都没有。几十万留学生在往国内跑,我哪比

得过他们。后来我只能缩小范围,我专门研究英语的词根、词汇、词源,研究了以后我发现,这方面,我在中国应该算是一流专家了。

选专业不是一个儿戏,是终身的选择。你要知道,一旦选定了,即使不喜欢,也得搞下去。为什么?因为即使你没有任何事业,但是有专业,人们就会录用你,你就会有饭吃了。另外,专业课的水平尽可能要考得好一点。为什么呢?两个原因:一是你专业课水平好,未来找工作要相对容易一点儿;二是未来十五年全世界所有的大学都会全面向中国开放,每一个人都有可能到国外去留学,那个时候,如果你的专业成绩非常低,留学就没有希望了。

选定了专业,一定要把专业领域的前三本书读得滚瓜烂熟,把三本书任何一个思想观点都转化成你自己的思想观点,最后你就有可能变成这个专业的顶级人士。奠定了所有的理论和理论框架基础,未来你想要在这中间纵深发展,是绝对有无穷无尽的潜力的。

在大学除了读专业书籍,还有就是要广泛地读书。文科的读理科,理科的读文科。哲学史、科学史、文学史、生物史,然后是社会学、地理学、心理学、政治学、经济学,还有所有的随笔、散文、诗歌,大家都得去读。读书其实很简单,一个星期读两本书是轻轻松松的事情,毕竟要你精读的书很少。大学要读多少才算大学毕业生呢?同学们至少要读400本以上。梅贻琦曾经说过一句话:“所谓大学者,非谓有大楼之谓也,有大师之谓也。”一个大学如果有伟大的老师,这个大学的学生必然伟大。但是我还想再说一下,大学非为有大楼之谓也,而是读书变成大学问之大雅。好像一张纸上写满了字,不管写多少字,就只是一张纸,薄薄的。但是,如果你读了大量的书,你就会变成一本书,厚厚的,让人一看就很厚重,让人一看就有学识,让人一看就愿意觉得你是值得交往的人。

所以说,同学们一定要多读书。我在北大读了800多本书,新东方还有一个极端的人物,就是我的班长王强老师,他在大学的时候读了1500多本书。我们在北大的时候有一个非常好的习惯,我们互相比着读书。相信我们农大的同学有这么好的环境,在有山有水的地方,读一、两本书是轻轻松松的事情。我们要去读《红楼梦》、《三国演义》,我们应该读马尔克斯的《百年孤独》,我们应该读普鲁斯特的《追忆似水年华》,我们要去读朱光潜的《西方美学史》,我们也应该去读《西方哲学史》。像现在出版的好的著作大家也应该读,比如说《明朝那些事》,比如说同改革开放30年成长起来的中国著名的经济史作家吴晓波写的《激荡30年》等。

凡是读书多的人,发展潜力一定是强的,因为你有厚度,你的事业就有高度。新东方有一句话:底蕴的厚度决定着事业的高度。什么叫底蕴?底蕴就是你读了多少书,走了多少路,

这就是底蕴。书都没读过,你怎么会有思想?书都没读过,你怎么能从多个视角来考虑问题?书都没读过,你怎么能有创新意识?书都没读过,你怎么知道仰望星空?

追求友谊

我们在大学要做的第二件事情是什么呢?就是要多交朋友。我做得最成功的一件事就是这辈子交了不少好朋友,而且和好朋友一起做成了新东方这么大的一个事业。所以,我觉得在大学除了读书以外,最重要是要交朋友,只有在大学能交上你一辈子的朋友,还有高中的时候也有可能。为什么?高中、大学这七年同学之间没有任何利益冲突,而且七年大家一起,或者四年大家一起,彼此知根知底,人品怎么样、个性怎么样、胸怀怎么样、才能怎么样,你完全清楚。你要知道,走进社会工作以后,要不就是同事工作关系,常会争权夺利;要不就是上下级工作汇报关系;要不就是跟外面的人关系,相互有求。通常很难再出现真正完全心灵相通的朋友,以及事业上互相帮助的朋友。

交到好朋友有两个最重要的前提条件:第一,你自己本身是一个好人;第二,追随比你更加厉害的人。

首先是自己做个好人。谁也不愿意去跟一个不好的人交朋友。不好不是说你杀了人,做了违法的事,不好体现在比较自私,分享别人的东西可以,别人分享你的东西就不行,不好表现为心地阴暗,表现为背后老说别人的坏话。同时,还要主动地去交朋友,你要主动对别人微笑,别人才会对你微笑。人是一种反应动物,就是你给我一个什么动作,我就可能会对你有一个什么动作。我庆幸我是一个喜欢为别人服务的人,比如说,从小到大,因为我的成绩不好,又希望老师表扬我,所以我就老在班上打扫卫生,结果就一直做我们班的卫生代表;进了北大以后,卫生不用我打扫了,教室有别人打扫,但我发现宿舍没有人打扫,那就我打扫吧,还打水,所以我们宿舍基本上没排什么卫生值日表。

我大学毕业的时候,也没有同学说你真伟大,为我们打水、扫地这么多年!但是,十年以后,有些事情就体现出来了。新东方做到一定程度,我觉得应该找一些我的好朋友、大学同学跟我一起做新东方。我知道,要把他们弄回来是很不容易的,但是,他们不回来东方肯定做不大。后来,他们说了一番话我特别感动。他们说,在大学四年,知道你一直是个好人,知道你是一个可靠的人,也知道你有饭吃的时候,我们肯定不会喝粥,你有粥的喝的时候,我们肯定不会饿死。最后,大家就一起回来了,新东方就做大了。

第二就是要追随比你更加厉害的人。张良追随了刘邦,他才能成功。所以要追随心胸比

你博大,志向比你高远,胸怀比你开阔,在某个领域方面又比你更加厉害的人,这样你就能学到很多东西。

我从小到大有一个心态,我到今天也不理解,就是没有任何妒嫉心理。我们班的同学,比如说从小学到高中评三好学生,我会拼命地为他们鼓掌,我心里一点难过都没有。当然我也没法难过,永远在全班二十名之后,怎么难过?但这个给我养成了一个良好的心态,就是我看到比我厉害的人,我会产生一种崇拜心理,包括我对我的部下。不管哪个领域,比我厉害的,我就会觉得很喜欢。

我在北大一无是处,为什么我能交到像王强老师、徐小平老师等这样对新东方来说比较关键的人物,因为他们在大学的时候给了我很多的影响。比如说像王强老师,他喜欢读书,一进北大就把自己的生活费一分为二,一半用来买饭菜票,一半用来买书。当时中国的大学生都由国家发补助生活费,一个月22块钱。我们当时也能活下去,因为土豆烧牛肉一份只要1毛5分钱。当时一本书只要5毛钱左右,我记得朱光潜的《西方美学史》两本书只要8毛4分钱。王强老师有个习惯,买书的钱,绝不用来买饭菜票。饭菜票吃完了怎么办?他就开始拿我的。我发现这个习惯很好,我就开始向他学习,我也把我的生活费一分为二,一半用来买书,一半用来买饭菜票,我要把饭菜票吃完了,我就拿他的饭菜票。每到星期六、星期天,我们就拿着钱去买书。那时,我刚从农村进北大,完全不知道买什么书,所以我就干脆跟着王强,他买什么书我就买什么书。

跟徐小平打交道也是。徐小平在北大其实已经是我的老师了,他教中国音乐史,一句话下来,就让你的心“怦”地跳一下,所以我就觉得这个老师讲得真好!我就想跟他交朋友。他当时担任北大团委文化部的部长,所以每到星期五的晚上,他都会请一帮北大的年轻老师到他家里去聊天。学生当然很想听了,但是学生坐在年轻老师中间听老师聊天,老师肯定是不干的。我说,徐老师,我能留下来听你们聊天吗?徐老师表示不太方便,他说:我们老师都是聊的男人和女人的事情,你太年轻,会被污染的。我的反应速度很快,当场就说:徐老师,我刚好需要这方面的启蒙知识。所以,徐老师就没有办法了,他说:你坐在这儿听我们聊,下不为例。结果我就找到机会了。为什么?当年中国是没有矿泉水的,矿泉水是90年代以后才有的。他们聊天聊得很口渴,我就开始给他们煮水泡茶;等他们晚上肚子饿了,我就出去给他们买方便面,给他们泡方便面。到了第二个星期,我就打电话过去,我说:徐老师,你们还需要那个煮水、泡茶、泡方便面的人吗?他说:如果你愿意来煮水、泡茶、买方便面,你就过来吧。结果,我就又过去了。

追求爱情

如果有可能的话,在大学谈一场恋爱也是不错的。

回顾过去,发现我的大学生活一片空白。究其主要原因,不是因为我成绩差,而是我在大学没有谈过恋爱。谈恋爱有一个前提条件,就是你真正爱上一个人,真爱上一个人以后,接下来的一件事就是你一定要真诚地告诉她你爱她,千万不要怕。我在大学爱过很多女孩,但是从来没有敢去告诉任何一个女孩我爱她。每次我在想癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉,我怕一说出来,会挨两个耳光。我想说的是,你爱上了一个人,你又不去告诉他,自己一个人非常的痛苦,有什么必要呢?你去告诉她,真诚地追求他,直到最后没有希望了,你也心死了,对自己也有一个交代。

如果两个相爱了怎么办?非常简单,要一心一意地爱!什么叫一心一意?不是说大学只能谈一次恋爱,而是一次只能谈一个。同学们请记住了,这是我对你们的最低标准了。真正的恋爱要爱到什么地步呢?要爱到这种地步,就是“为什么我的眼中充满泪水,是因为我爱你爱到深层”。如果没有这种感觉,表明你们的爱情没有到位。但是,即便爱到这种深层的地步,也会出问题。对方如果离开你,你怎么办?所以,谈恋爱要谈得大度。什么叫大度?爱情是一种缘分,朋友之间永远要忠诚,但是爱情是没有忠诚的,爱情只有爱。如果我爱你,必然对你忠诚;如果我已经失去了爱,对你没感觉了,我离开你也是很正常的。所以,爱情有分有合。离开你,你只有一种方式,就是祝福她一路走好,你的幸福就是我的幸福。

我始终相信这个世界上有缘分之说,在某一个时间或空间点上一定会有一个和你终身相守的人在那等着你,两个人手牵手走向生命的未来。所以,一定要珍惜生命,爱情带来的任何痛苦会随着时间的推移,变成你回忆的美酒,这是任何一个谈过恋爱的人都知道的。那么,珍惜生命!

在大学谈恋爱,其实不一定会有结果的。它美就美在过程,在校园中留下你美好的足迹,有一份青春的美好回忆,这是最重要的。

为将来工作做好准备

毕业以后,大家都要开始工作,工作是我们走向未来必不可少的部分。我刚开始留在北大,想反正也是一个职业,我就当老师吧。开始,我一个班50个同学,最后跑得剩了3个。但是,我这个人是比较努力的人,每次上完课,我就冲到别的优秀老师那去听他们讲课,拼命做笔记,记住他们每一句话怎么讲的,完了我自己再回去对比,换我讲是不是能讲得更好。

过了一年,我发现我的学生都回来了。到第二年的时候,不光我的学生回来了,而且50人的教室里容纳了100个学生,那就意味着我上课比较成功了。到第三年,我就被北大评为优秀老师了。从此以后我发现,我本来在北大是打算临时当个老师,但是到了第二年以后,我就把老师当成我的终身梦想,当时就下了一个决心:这辈子我死了都不可以离开学校的讲台。到今天为止,我也依然是一名老师。

我们从有一个职业开始,也许慢慢就能做成一个事业。所以到后来,我觉得自己要出国,再后来从北大离开,当时其实我不想做事业,只是想赚更多的钱,以尽早出国。但是,做着做着,新东方学校就做大了,最后我就只能把它当作一个事业干。这个路径同学们是可以模仿的。先找一份工作养活自己,紧接着给自己足够的时间,如果热爱这份工作(或者换一份你热爱的工作),把它做成你一辈子想做的工作。然后,用你在这个工作中学习的经验,慢慢地开创自己的事业,这是最正确的方法。

现在大家都在鼓励大学生创业,我也鼓励。统计数据表明,大学生没有工作经验创业99.9%会失败。成功率太低了,为什么?因为创业需要几个基础:第一,你需要知道如何处理人和事的关系,这个你必须工作一段时间才有这个本领;第二,你需要熟悉一个行业的经验和运作的模式。比如说,未来你要想办培训学校,你不到像新东方这样的机构来干两年,你不一定能干成。总而言之,创业不一定会成功,成功了也不一定会长久,长久了失败了也不一定不成功。生命总是会有机会的,抱着一种良好的工作心态,先从最基础的做起,锻炼自己的能力、心胸,最后你总能成长起来。

我相信这个世界上每一个人都能成功。希望我们在座的同学从今天做起,让自己由平凡走向伟大,由失望走向希望,由懦弱走向勇敢。用在大学的这种积极上进的心态走向未来,一辈子永远往前走!

谢谢大家!


第二篇:俞敏洪一百句


1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.

1.美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.

2. 19xx年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢?

3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.

3.人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.

4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.

5.任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water,

transportation, and disposal of refuse.

6.一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.

7.简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。

8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.

8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.

9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。

10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.

11.酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.

12. Billie Holiday’s作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.

13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.

14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.

15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐,农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。

16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.

16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷,以便校准机械计时器。

17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.

17.人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。

18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.

18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解动物粪便。

19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.

19.音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其音量经久不衰。

20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.

20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。

21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.

21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。

22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.

22.一个国家的主要食物是什么,大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。

23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.

23.在大量的实验中,某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。

24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.

24.大多数物质遇冷收缩,所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。

25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.

25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。

26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.

26.到了二十一世纪中叶,美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。

27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.

27.伊丽莎白市,一个重要的航运和制造业中心,坐落于新泽西州的东部。

28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.

28. Elizabeth Blackwell,美国第一个女医生,创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。

29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.

29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人,他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师,而非电话的发明者。

30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.

30.采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰,因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。

31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.

31.骨头看起来是脆硬的,但它也有一定的弹性,使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。

32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.

32.科学家曾相信:氙气是不能形成化合物的。

33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life. 33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失,避免人员伤亡。

34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed. 34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。

35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.

35.未来主义,二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统,试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。

36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.

36. Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一,此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。

37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.

37. Lucretia Mott’s的影响巨大,所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。

38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.

38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。

39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.

39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线,该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。

40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.

40.对地球引力的研究表明,在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。

41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.

41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。

42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.

42.墙花之所以叫墙花,是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长,以便有所依附。

43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.

43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往,而不是他们各自生活中的事件。

44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.

44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。

45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.

45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀,凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起,飞离它们的躲藏地。

46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.

46.根据人类学家的说法,直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似,额头后倾,眉毛突出。

47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.

47.直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。

48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.

48. John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。

49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.

49.父母的教导如果坚定,始终如一和理性,孩子就有可能充满自信。

50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.

50.北美远古的Hopewell人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物,但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。

51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of inFORMation on a single map.

51.使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息

52. Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.

52.无政府主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度,它们的主要共同点在于相信政府是有害的,没有必要的。

53. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.

53.恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。

54. The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.

54.使用精心挑选的无意义词汇,可以检验语言学科里许多基本的假定。

55. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.

55.优化历史是由一连串的迷人事件组成,其源头大概可以上溯到最早的图画。

56. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually.

56.相互般配的珍珠,串成一条项链,就能卖到比单独售出好得多的价钱。

57. During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.

57.十八世纪时,“小乌龟”是迈阿密部落的酋长,该部落的地盘就是今天的印第安那州和俄亥俄州。

58. Among almost seven hundred species of bamboo, some are fully grown at less than a foot high, while others can grow three feet in twenty-four hours.

58.在竹子的近七百个品种中,有的全长成还不到一英尺,有的却能在二十四小时内长出三英尺。

59. Before staring on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, study the sailing directions, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.

59.谨慎的航海员在出航前,会研究航向,记录的灯塔的位置,以便对各种可能出现的情况做到有备无患。

60. Of all the economically important plants, palms have been the least studied.

60.在所有的经济作物中,棕榈树得到的研究最少。

61. Buyers and sellers should be aware of new developments in technology can and does affect marketing activities.

61.购买者和销售者都应该留意技术的新发展,原因很简单,因为技术能够并且已经影响着营销活动。

62. The application of electronic controls made possible by the microprocessor and computer storage have multiplied the uses of the modern typewriter.

62.电脑储存和由于电子微处理机得以实现的电控运用成倍的增加了现代打字机的功能。

63. The human skeleton consists of more than two hundred bones bound together by tough and relatively inelastic connective tissues called ligaments.

63.人类骨骼有二百多块骨头组成,住些骨头石油坚韧而相对缺乏弹性的,被称为韧带的结蒂组连在一起。

64. The pigmentation of a pearl is influenced by the type of oyster in which it develops and by the depth, temperature, and the salt content of the water in which the oyster lives.

64.珍珠的色泽受到作为其母体牡蛎种类及牡蛎生活水域的深度,温度和含盐度的制约。

65. Although mockingbirds superbly mimic the songs and calls of many birds, they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues.

65.尽管模仿鸟学很多种鸟的鸣叫声惟妙惟肖,但人类还是能够依其声音上的线索很快识别它们。

66. Not only can walking fish live out of water, but they can also travel short distances over land.

66.鲇鱼不仅可以离开水存活,还可以在岸上短距离移动。

67. Scientists do not know why dinosaurs became extinct, but some theories postulate that changers in geography, climate, and sea levels were responsible.

67.科学家不知道恐龙为何绝种了,但是一些理论推断是地理,气候和海平面的变化造成的。

68. The science of horticulture, in which the primary concerns are maximum yield and superior quality, utilizes inFORMation derived from other sciences.

68.主要目的在于丰富和优质的农艺学利用了其他科学的知识。

69. Snow aids farmers by keeping heart in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds from freezing.

69.雪对农民是一种帮助,因为它保持地层土壤的温度,使种子不致冻死。

70. Even though the precise qualities of hero in literary words may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.

70.历代文学作品中的英雄本色虽各有千秋,但其昭世功力却是恒古不变的。

71. People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into power and then adding water.

71.史前的人们制造颜料是将植物和泥土等原料磨成粉末,然后加水。

72. Often very annoying weeds, goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants and act as hosts to many insect pests.

72.***花通常令人生厌,它挤走不那么顽强的植物,并找来很多害虫。

73. Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere experienced temperatures warmer than at present.

73.大约从公元前七千年开始,在四千年当中,北半球的温度比现在高。

74. When Henry Ford first sought financial backing for making cars, the very notion of farmers and clerks owning automobiles was considered ridiculous.

74.当亨利.福特最初制造汽车为寻求资金支持时,农民和一般职员也能拥有汽车的想法被认为是可笑的。

75. Though once quite large, the population of the bald eagle across North America has drastically declined in the past forty years.

75.北美秃头鹰的数量一度很多,但在近四十年中全北美的秃头鹰数量急剧下降。

76. The beaver chews down trees to get food and material with which to build its home.

76.水獭啃倒树木,以便取食物并获得造窝的材料。

77. Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck hunting, but the American Kennel Club does not consider them sporting dogs because they are now primarily kept as pets.

77.长卷毛狗曾被用作猎鸭时叼回猎物的猎犬,但是美国Kennel Club却不承认它们为猎犬,因为它们现在大多数作为宠物饲养。

78. As a result of what is now know in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make important discoveries in biology and medicine.

78.物理学和化学的一个成果是使得科学家们能在生物学和医学上获得重大发现。

79. The practice of making excellent films based on rather obscure novels has been going on so long in the United States as to constitute a tradition.

79.根据默默无闻的小说制作优秀影片在美国由来已久,已经成为传统。

80. Since the consumer considers the best fruit to be that which is the most attractive, the grower must provide products that satisfy the discerning eye.

80.因为顾客认为最好的水果应该看起来也是最漂亮的,所以种植者必须提供能满足挑剔眼光的产品。

81. Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.

81.电视,这项从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术,正在步入一个新时代,一个极为成熟和多样化的时代,这将重塑我们的生活和世界。

82. Television is more than just an electronics; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.

82.电视不仅仅是一件电器;它是表达的手段和交流的载体并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。

83. Even more shocking is the fact that the number and rate of imprisonment have more than doubled over the past twenty years, and recidivism------that is the rate for re-arrest------is more than 60 percent.

83.更让人吃惊的事实是监禁的数目和比例在过去的二十年中翻了一番还有余,以及累犯率——即再次拘押的比例——为百分之六十强。

84.William Rainey Harper lured him to the new university of Chicago, where he remained officially for exactly a generation and where his students in advanced composition found him terrifyingly frigid in the classroom but sympathetic and understanding in their personal conferences.

84.他的教书生涯始于麻省理工学院,但是William Rainey Harper把他吸引到了新成立的芝加哥大学。他在那里正式任职长达整整一代人的时间。他的高级作文课上的学生觉得他在课上古板得可怕,但私下交流却富有同情和理解。

85. The sloth pays such little attention to its personal hygiene that green algae grow on its coarse hair and communities of a parasitic moth live in the depths of its coat producing caterpillars which graze on its mouldy hair. Its muscles are such that it is quits incapable of moving at a speed of over a

kilometer an hour even over the shortest distances and the swiftest movement it can make is a sweep of its hooked arm.

85.树獭即不讲究卫生,以至于它粗糙的毛发上生出绿苔,成群的寄生蛾生长在它的皮毛深处,变成毛毛虫,并以它的脏毛为食。她的肌肉不能让他哪怕在很短的距离以内以每小时一公里的速度移动。它能做的最敏捷的动作就是挥一挥它弯曲的胳膊。

86. Artificial flowers are used for scientific as well as for decorative purposes. They are made from a variety of materials, such as way and glass, so skillfully that they can scarcely be distinguished from natural flowers.

86.人造花卉即可用于科学目的,也可用于装饰目的,它们可以用各种各样的材料制成,臂如蜡和玻璃;其制作如此精巧,几乎可以以假乱真。

87. Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne, Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States.

87.在伊利诺州Angonne市的一个废弃煤矿的三年研究取得了成果,科学家们相信这些成果可以帮助改造把美国产煤区弄得伤痕累累的数千个旧煤场。

88. When the persuading and the planning for the western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the dangerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines.

88.当有关西部铁路的说服和规划工作终于完成后,真正艰难的任务还没有开始;即危险,吃力,需要伤筋动骨和吵吵嚷嚷的建造这些铁路的实际工作。

89. Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly cautious in considering acquisitions and donations of art, in some cases passing up opportunities to strengthen is collections.

89.由于空间不足,艺术博物馆在考虑购买和接受捐赠的艺术品是越来越慎重,有些情况下放弃其进一步改善收藏的机会。

90. The United States Constitution requires that President be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age or older, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.

90.美国宪法要求总统是生于美国本土的公民,三十五岁以上,并且在美国居住了至少十四

年。

91. Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such as motorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill-climbing contests or in caving new trails in the desert.

91.美国西部的不毛之地正成为玩耍的地方,对越来越多拥有摩托车或越野单车类车辆的,喜欢放纵于爬坡比赛或开辟新的沙漠通道的寻欢作乐者具有不断增长的吸引力。

92. Stone does decay, and so tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the man who made them have disappeared without trace.

92.石头不会腐烂,所以以前的(石器)工具能保存下来,虽然它们的制造者已经消失的无影无踪。

93. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.

93.昆虫就将会使我们无法在这个世界上居住;如果我们没有受到以昆虫为食的动物的保护,昆虫就会吞嚼掉我们所有的庄稼并杀死我们饲养的禽兽。

94. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

94.确实,他们在探险中遇到了极具威胁性的困难和危险,而他们的装备会让一个现代登山者想一想都会浑身颤栗。不过他们并不是刻意去追求刺激的。

95. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is.

95.老人和年轻人之间只有一个区别:年轻人的前面有辉煌的未来,老年人灿烂的未来却已在它们身后。这也许就是困难之所在。

96. I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things.

96.我们位年强人振奋。它们带有自由的气息,他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。他们不是焦虑的向上爬的人,他们不会对物质性的东西难舍难分。

97. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

97.每次我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情,说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话,我都倍感诧异。

98. It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise: as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are around.

98.没有可能仅仅为了娱乐或锻炼而运动:一旦有了问题,一旦你觉得你输了你和你所属团体会有失体面时,你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。

99. It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles------or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.

99.人们已经发现,某些蝙蝠发出尖叫声并靠接受回响来锁定和避免障碍物——或者找到它们赖以为生的昆虫。蝙蝠这种回响定位法常拿来和原理与之很相近似的雷达相比。

100. As the time and cost of making a clip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failure.

100.随着芯片制造时间和费用降低到了几天和几百美元,工程师们可能很快可以任他们的想象驰骋而不会被昂贵的失败所惩罚。

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