Loadrunner分析结果图说明

1、Running Vusers图

       使用 Vuser 图可以确定方案，执行期间 Vuser 的整体行为。

X 轴表示从方案开始运行以来已用的时间。Y 轴表示方案中的 Vuser 数。

Vuser-Rendezvous 图主要反映Vuser 是在什么时候集合在这个点上,又是怎样的一个被释放的过程.

图中可以看到在1分4秒的地方50个用户全部集中到达集合点，持续了5分48秒开始释放用户，整个过程持续了6分钟。

2、Hits per Second图

    “每秒点击次数”，即使运行场景过程中虚拟用户每秒向Web服务器提交的HTTP请求数。
通过它可以评估虚拟用户产生的负载量，如将其和“平均事务响应时间”图比较，可以查看点击次数对事务性能产生的影响。通过对查看“每秒点击次数”，可以判断系统是否稳定。系统点击率下降通常表明服务器的响应速度在变慢，需进一步分析，发现系统瓶颈所在。

3、Throughput图

       “吞吐率”显示的是场景运行过程中服务器的每秒的吞吐量。其度量单位是字节，表示虚拟用在任何给定的每一秒从服务器获得的数据量。
可以依据服务器的吞吐量来评估虚拟用户产生的负载量，以及看出服务器在流量方面的处理能力以及是否存在瓶颈。

X 轴表示从方案开始运行以来已用的时间。Y 轴表示服务器的吞吐量（以字节为单位）。          

“吞吐率”图和“点击率”图的区别：
“吞吐率”图，是每秒服务器处理的HTTP申请数。
“点击率”图，是客户端每秒从服务器获得的总数据量。   

4、Transaction Summary图

       对事务进行综合分析是性能分析的第一步，通过分析测试时间内用户事务的成功与失败情况，可以直接判断出系统是否运行正常。

5、Average Transaction Response Time图

       “事务平均响应时间”显示的是测试场景运行期间的每一秒内事务执行所用的平均时间，通过它可以分析测试场景运行期间应用系统的性能走向。

     例：随着测试时间的变化，系统处理事务的速度开始逐渐变慢，这说明应用系统随着投产时间的变化，整体性能将会有下降的趋势。

      

可以将事务平均响应时间图与“正在运行的 Vuser”图进行比较，了解正在运行的 Vuser 的数目对事务执行时间产生的影响。例如：如果平均事务响应时间图显示执行时间逐渐改善，则可以将其与“正在运行的 Vuser”图进行对比，看执行时间是否因为 Vuser 负载减少而得到改善。如果定义了可以接受的最小和最大事务性能时间，则可以使用此图确定服务器性能是否在可以接受的范围内。

Transaction Response Time—percentile（事务响应时间的百分比图）

用于分析在给定时间内执行的事务百分数，有助于确定满足了所定义的性能标准的事务的百分比，最大反应时间可能非常的长，但如果大多数定义的事务访问时间可以接受，系统总体也就满足了需求。

X轴代表在总事务数所占百分比，Y轴代表执行事务消耗的时间。

Transaction pesponse time—summay（事务响应时间摘要）

6、Windows Resources图

X 轴表示已用时间。Y 轴表示资源使用率。

如果Process\Private Bytes计数器和Process\Working Set计数器的值在长时间内持续升高，同时Memory\Available bytes计数器的值持续降低，则很可能存在内存泄漏。

内存资源成为系统性能的瓶颈的征兆:
    很高的换页率(high pageout rate)；进程进入不活动状态;
    交换区所有磁盘的活动次数可高；可高的全局系统CPU利用率;
    内存不够出错(out of memory errors)

如果System\Processor Queue Length大于2，而处理器利用率（Processor Time）一直很低，则存在着处理器阻塞。
CPU资源成为系统性能的瓶颈的征兆: 
    很慢的响应时间(slow response time) ；CPU空闲时间为零(zero percent idle CPU)
    过高的用户占用CPU时间(high percent user CPU)；过高的系统占用CPU时间(high percent system CPU)
    长时间的有很长的运行进程队列(large run queue size sustained over time)

最大并发用户数：
应用系统在当前环境（硬件环境、网络环境、软件环境（参数配置））下能承受的最大并发用户数。如果出现了服务器shutdown的情况，则说明在当前环境下，系统承受不了当前并发用户的负载压力，那么最大并发用户数就是前一个没有出现这种现象的并发用户数。
如果测得的最大并发用户数到达了性能要求，且各服务器资源情况良好，业务操作响应时间也达到了用户要求，那么OK。否则，再根据各服务器的资源情况和业务操作响应时间进一步分析原因所在。

录制脚本中关于验证码的问题？

关于集合点：

插入集合点是为了衡量在加重负载的情况下服务器的性能情况。

譬如：在测试计划中，可能会要求系统能够承受1000 人同时提交数据，在LoadRunner 中可以通过在提交数据操作前面加入集合点，这样当虚拟用户运行到提交数据的集合点时，LoadRunner 就会检查同时有多少用户运行到集合点，如果不到1000 人，LoadRunner 就会命令已经到集合点的用户在此等待， 当在集合点等待的用户达到1000 人时，LoadRunner 命令1000 人同时去提交数据，从而达到测试计划中的需求。

注意：集合点经常和事务结合起来使用。集合点只能插入到Action 部分，vuser_init 和vuser_end 中不能插入集合点。

关于事务：

事务（Transaction）： 为了衡量服务器的性能， 我们需要定义事务。

比如： 我们在脚本中有一个数据查询操作， 为了衡量服务器执行查询操作的性能， 我们把这个操作定义为一个事务， 这样在运行测试脚本时，LoadRunner 运行到该事务的开始点时，LoadRunner 就会开始计时， 直到运行到该事务的结束点， 计时结束。这个事务的运行时间在结果中会有反映。

插入事务操作可以在录制过程中进行， 也可以在录制结束后进行。LoadRunner 运行在脚本中插入不限数量的事务。

注意： 事务的名称最好要有意义， 能够清楚的说明该事务完成的动作。

第二篇：时事新闻摘抄：'It's ridiculous'： record snowfall blankets New England

'It's ridiculous': record snowfall blankets New England

BOSTON (AP) - More than 2 feet of fresh snow piled up in parts of New England on Monday, breaking records set during the Blizzard of 1978 and testing the patience of officials and commuters as forecasters warned of more winter misery later in the week.

The latest onslaught forced the cancellations of hundreds of flights, tested transit systems and tempers and collapsed roofs straining beneath the weight of 5 feet or more of snow in less than two weeks.

"It's awful. I'm done with it. It's ridiculous," said Priscilla Medina, a sandwich shop worker in Westborough, Massachusetts, suffering from a nasty case of snow fatigue. Here's the latest on the winter that just won't quit:

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ONE FOR THE RECORD BOOKS

Boston and areas south were hardest hit, with the National Weather Service reporting unofficial measurements of 26.5 inches in Weymouth, 26 inches in Sharon and 24.9 inches in Norwell. Forecasters expected more than 20 inches on the ground in Boston before the storm winds down early Tuesday.

"You can't change it. The snow is there," said Helen Ferullo, a social worker in Weymouth. "You can't do anything about it."

Much of Connecticut and parts of upstate New York braced for 6 to 12 inches, and southern Maine was in for about 8 by the time the storm tapers off Tuesday. ___

TRANSIT TROUBLE

Boston-area subways, trolleys and commuter rail trains ground to a halt at 7 p.m. Monday and were scheduled to remain idle on Tuesday, with only limited bus service continuing. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority said it needed the break to clear snow and ice from tracks and to assess equipment damaged by the storms. Boston's transit system, the nation's oldest, has been particularly hard hit this winter. The buildup of snow and ice on trolley tracks combined with aging equipment has stalled trains, delaying and angering commuters. Fifty commuters were rescued Monday from a train that became disabled between stations in Quincy, south of Boston.

A frustrated Baker called that "unacceptable," and commuters complained bitterly of the daily delays.

Amtrak canceled portions of its passenger train service linking upstate New York to New York City because of the storm. Hundreds of flights were canceled at Boston's Logan International Airport, Connecticut's Bradley International Airport and Maine's Portland International Jetport and Bangor International Airport.

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90 FOOTBALL STADIUMS FULL

In Massachusetts alone since last month's blizzard struck, state workers have removed enough snow to fill Gillette Stadium 90 times over, Gov. Charlie Baker told reporters, calling the situation "pretty much unprecedented."

Boston set a record for the most snow recorded in a 30-day period, with 61.6 inches by Monday morning, breaking the record of 58.8 inches set in February 1978.

Bangor, Maine, tied its own 30-day snowfall record with 53 inches, which hasn't been seen in such a short period since 1969, the weather service said.

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SNOW PLOW DEATH

A man who had just finished work at a supermarket bakery in Medford,

Massachusetts, was struck in a parking lot by a private snow plowing truck and died after being taken to a hospital, authorities said.

Police interviewed the driver of the snow plow, but no charges were immediately filed in the death of 60-year-old Cesar Moya.

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ROOF COLLAPSES

Massachusetts emergency management officials confirmed that snow-laden roofs collapsed Monday in Quincy, Rockland and Bridgewater. No injuries were reported. Police said a former set of "The Finest Hours," a Disney film about a Coast Guard rescue of crewmen aboard an oil tanker wrecked off Cape Cod during a 1952 blizzard, suffered a partial collapse at an old shipyard in Quincy. The movie, starring Chris Pine and Casey Affleck, is scheduled to open next year.

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MORE SNOW, LESS DOUGH

Forecasters said more snow was expected Thursday and again next weekend, and the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency warned that potentially record-low temperatures and wind chills are expected later in the week.

The steady run of winter blasts has already sucked up more than 70 percent of New Hampshire's Department of Transportation winter maintenance budget. Rhode Island, too, said Monday's storm will use up what's left of its $14 million budget for snow removal and nearly the entire salt stockpile.

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OCEAN DUMPING APPROVED

Massachusetts environmental officials gave cities and towns the green light to dump accumulating snow into open water if necessary.

The Department of Environmental Protection on Monday cited the challenges involved in getting rid of the historic snowfalls. Local communities may seek

permission to take emergency steps that allow disposal of snow in the ocean or other bodies of water, which is normally prohibited.

Officials also were using giant melters to liquefy snow.

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TRIALS DELAYED

Two high-profile Massachusetts trials have been further delayed by the snow. State court officials said testimony in the murder trial of former New England Patriots star Aaron Hernandez would not resume until Wednesday. Jury selection for the federal trial of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, who is accused in the April 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, also was called off on Tuesday.

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OVERHEARD ON THE STREETS

"They were pretty much walking around like zombies. They've been working for 20 hours straight." - Carrie Sullivan, describing plow drivers eating at her Weymouth diner.

"I'm really getting sick of the snow. It's relentless." - Matt Beauregard, owner of the Capital Deli in Concord, New Hampshire.

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