英语作文文体及其写作要领

文体

? 记叙文

? 描写文

? 说明文

? 议论文

? 应用文

一、议论文

定义: 摆事实、讲道理来阐明自己的观点的文体

说明文：重客观陈述；重“解释”

议论文：重发表自己的看法；重“劝说”

议论文

立论：作者先提出自己的观点，然后摆事实证实其正确性

驳论：首先给出一个明显错误的观点或批驳对象，然后针对其观点的谬误、论据的虚假或论证的逻辑错误进行批驳。

The world is getting smaller and smaller

1.现代化的交通工具越来越发达;

2.人与人之间的交往越来越频繁;

3.结论

Do lucky numbers really bring luck?

? 有些人认为某些数字会带来运气;

? 也有些人认为数字与运气无关;

? 试说明你的观点;

立论性议论文

? 分析建议类

? 原因分析类

? 对比/比较分析类

? 各抒己见类

? 批驳分析类

分析建议类

Anti-drug Battles

? 目前我国吸毒人数惊人, 且呈上升趋势;

? 毒品是万恶之源;

? 如何开展全民反毒斗争;

原因分析类

Harmfulness of Video-Games

? 中小学生玩电子游戏屡禁不止;

? 试分析电子游戏给学生和社会带来的危害;

各抒己见类

What is a good teacher in the new century?

? 有人认为好老师最重要的是要有渊博的知识;

? 也有人认为好老师最重要的是要有奉献精神;

? 我的看法;

批驳分析类

Can Success Be Measured in Terms of Money?

? 许多人认为金钱是衡量成功的标准;

? 相反的意见;

? 结论

二、记叙文

1. 六大要素

Who, when, where, what, why, how

2. 注意问题

1). 选材得当

2). 条理清楚

顺序法; 倒叙法; 插叙; 夹叙夹议

3). 交待明白

? An Unforgettable Event in My Childhood

? A Memorable Trip

? A Car Accident

三、说明文

定义：说明事实、情况或道理的文章，即对事件的发生、发展、结果或事物的性质、特征等进行解释说明以阐明事理的一种文体。通过如实的解说来启发读者，向读者提供知识或给予指导。

说明书；内容提要

说明文的种类

举例/列举型

知识型

对比型

定义说明型

举例/列举型

通过举例或列举阐明事理的写作方法。

设定实例-----说明实例的发展与结果----得出结论

通过实例解释现象，介绍知识，说明事物的性质或特征的写作方法。

Risk Worth Taking in Life

There is no denying that life is filled with uncountable undesirable risks. To illustrate, a driver throws himself into danger when driving too fast or after drinking a lot, and a heavy smoker is running the risk of

suffering from lung cancer. Still in our life, however, there are many risks worth taking, since they will bring you success, fame or pleasure.

There are many worthy and rewarding risks. A case in point is that you try to pursue the girl you love; another case in point is that starting one’s own business, esp. for a laid-off worker. Besides, buying stocks is another risk worth taking. But one thing is certain, luck and misfortune will accompany you as twin brothers.

To sum up, although undergoing risks can make you more

experienced and enable you to weather the crisis, it is advisable to take only the rewarding risks whose opportunities far outweigh their risks.

知识型说明文

? 通过解释说明来阐述事实、道理或介绍知识、信息等的写作方法

The English Names

1. 说明名与姓的区别;

2. 中间名及其适用范围和场合;

3. 说明Mr.与Mrs. 与姓的连用方法;

4. 说明不用姓时的称谓方法;

对比型说明文

通过对两种事物进行对比或比较, 找出共同点或不同点说明方法

Teachers and Actors

? 教师和演员的共同点;

? 不同点

? 结论

定义型说明文

通过提示概念的内涵或用下定义的方法来明确概念的方法

Youth

? 青春的定义

? 从男女青年、中年人、老年人、孩子多个视角说明青春对不同年龄的人含义不

同

信件

英语书信的格式

Heading (信头)

Inside name & address(收信人姓名地址)

Salutation (称呼)

Body (正文)

Complimentary close (结尾谦语)

Signature (签名)

Enclosure(附件)

postscript(再启)

superscription(信封的写法)

信头 收信人姓名地址

称呼

正文

附件及再启

Heading

English Section

Department of Foreign Languages

Dalian University of Technology

Dalian, China

October 5, 2007

Inside name

Mr. Charles Smith

Head of the Department

Department of Communication Technology

University of Sydney

Australia

Salutation

Mr. + family name

Mrs./Miss/Ms.

President/Professor/Doctor Smith, Black Bush

Dear Sir/Madam,

Complimentary close

Yours sincerely/ Sincerely yours,

Yours faithfully,

Respectfully yours,

Yours, /Love,/ Yours ever,

Charles Read

(Dean of the Faculty)

结尾谦语 签名

Enclosure

Encl. my Resume

P.S I have sent you a New Year present.

信封

From Wang Nan stamp Department of Computer Science

Northwest University

Xi’an, 710069

China

Dr. George F. Jones 322 Fall River Road Washington D.C. 10038 U.S.A.

第二篇：英语写作文体分析

When it comes to register, a plenty styles of writing come into my mind. So many are the types that how can we make a choice when we write? From my point of view, it depends on the situation. We should choose a style that is appropriate to the situation it is used in. When a government or an organization is to claim an official or a formal statement publicly, the style of declaration should be used, such as Declaration of Independence，Introduction to Manifesto of the Communist Party and so forth.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than t right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such

has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

——Declaration of Independence

A spectre is haunting Europe -- the spectre of Communism. All the Powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre: Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and German police-spies.

where is the party in opposition that has not been decried as Communistic by its opponents in power? where the Opposition that has not hurled back the branding reproach of Communism, against the more advanced opposition parties, as well as against its reactionary adversaries?

Two things result from this fact：

I. Communism is already acknowledged by all European Powers to be itself a Power. II. It is high time that Communists should openly, in the face of the whole world, publish their views, their aims, their tendencies, and meet this nursery tale of the Spectre of Communism with a Manifesto of the party itself.

To this end, Communists of various nationalities have assembled in London, and sketched the following Manifesto, to be published in the English, French, German, Italian, Flemish and Danish languages.

——Introduction to Manifesto of the Communist Party

In the times that traffic is inconvenient, letter works as a very important form of communication. While it is an age of advanced communication, email plays an important role in people’s daily life. So you can use this style when you want to talk with your family or friends in the distance.

As we drove off from Columbia, I wanted to write a letter to you to tell you all that is on my mind.

First, I want to tell you how proud we are. Getting into Columbia is a real testament of what a great well-rounded student you are. Your academic, artistic, and social skills have truly blossomed in the last few years. Whether it is getting the highest grade in Calculus, completing your elegant fashion design, successfully selling your painted running shoes, or becoming one of the top orators in Model United Nations, you have become a talented and accomplished young woman. You should be as proud of yourself as we are.

I will always remember the first moment I held you in my arms. I felt a tingling sensation that directly touched my heart. It was an intoxicating feeling I will always have. It must be that “father-daughter connection” which will bind us for life. I will always remember singing you lullaby while I rocked you to sleep. When I put you down, it was always with both relief (she finally fell asleep!) and regret (wishing I could hold you longer). And I will always remember taking you to the playground, and watching you having so much fun. You were so cute and adorable, and that is why everybody loved you so.

——A Kai-fu Lee’s letter to his daughter

Anyhow, we should suit the style of writing to condition.

Style is different, so is the structure of writing. The arrangements of contents are quite distinct. For example, in news report the main idea should be summarized firstly, then the writer tells readers the details and analyzes a lot.

PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti — In mid-October, when fresh-faced girls in starched uniforms skipped through the gates of the Collège Classique Féminin to start the first post-earthquake school year, their desire to seek sanctuary inside was palpable. Dashing off a street clogged with vendors hawking car mats and phone chargers, they reconnected with hugs and squeals. They cheered the absence of the stifling tents in which they studied last spring. And they all but embraced an administrator’s warning that strict discipline would be reinstated after a lax period when “we all were traumatized.”

Still, nothing felt normal. The school’s door bore a frightening scarlet stamp, slapped there by government engineers who consider it unsafe. The semi-collapsed central building loomed menacingly over eight portable classrooms that clearly would not fit 13 grades. And the all-girl student body had dwindled to almost half its pre-disaster enrollment.

When the opening bell rang, the students, from first graders in hair ribbons to seniors in lip gloss, formed neat lines in the dusty courtyard. In a rousing rendition of the national anthem, they sang, “For the country, for our forefathers, let us march united.” Then Chantal Kenol, a director, raised a bullhorn.

“We’re postponing the start of classes until next week,” she announced,

explaining more repairs were needed and acknowledging this was “not good news.” Freezing briefly, the students erupted in moans. One voice rang out: “No, not good news! Not at all, not at all!”

A new plan for reforming Haiti’s weak educational system envisions a publicly funded network of privately managed schools, similar to what has developed in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. It calls for subsidies to and accreditation of the nonpublic schools that educate some 82 percent of Haitian students.

But, like the Collège Classique Féminin (known as C.C.F.), many independent schools are in danger of collapsing financially before such a public-private partnership can be realized. They are struggling to reopen and stay open, to rebuild, and to retain student students and teachers.

Forty-six years after its founding, C.C.F., a once-elite school catering to lower-middle-class girls who aspire to be the doctors, engineers and teachers of Haiti’s future, is fighting for its life. So are many other battered institutions, from hospitals to universities, during this limbo period before reconstructions begins.

“You have to be really determined right now,” said Marie Alice Craft, another C.C.F. director. “If you’re not, the whole thing will fall apart, and we can’t allow that to happen. The adults are exhausted, but these kids deserve a future. We can’t let C.C.F. fail, just like we can’t let Haiti fail.”

——New York Times

In an interviewer’s resume, his personal information, experiences and achievements should be listed. And there is no need to write them in

paragraphs.

Richard Anderson

1234, West 67 Street,

Carlisle, MA 01741,

(123)-456 7890.

Career Objective:

Seeking for a drivers position in the professional trosportation.

Truck Driver, ABC Corporation, July 2003 - Present

? The duty include driving truck to various locations to pump and service grease traps.

Truck Driver, Heavy Equipment Operator Birmingham, AL, October 2001 - June 2003 ? To drive different types of vehicle, or machine to sites where work is preformed and ensures that all vehicles are safe and in good condition. Truck Driver, ABC Inc, Atlanta, GA, May 2003 - Present

Responsibilities include

Driving haul truck to and from work sites and deliver equipment to perform job duties.

? Driving tandem to and from work sites and load with base, asphalt, and tow equipment on trailer. ?

Truck Driver, XYZ Inc, Atlanta, GA, March 2001 - May 2003

? Responsible for loading and unloading trailer with the help of construction equipment from and to construction work site and load tandem truck and transport to work location.

Education:

Birmingham high school, High School

Future Trucks of America, February 2001

The style of letter is similar to our oral communication. So we often

express our greetings at the beginning and wishes in the end. As to the main part, you can write casually just as you speak.

Grammar is the role of a language. Sometimes it changes a lot according to the style of writing. In a formal style such as news and documents, sentences are long and richly varied, and the grammar used is always pretty advanced.

“General Petraeus takes these matters very seriously and is spending a considerable amount of time working with President Karzai and his national security team to build upon the progress we’ve made to date, ensuring the eventual transition to Afghan lead by the end of 2014,” the official said.

——New York Times

On the contrary, the grammar used in letters is usually very simple. And it’s more akin to our spoken language.

Hey there!!!!

It has definitely been a while since I have talked to you!

Wow it must be so great to finally be out of high school after so much work, after all you have been getting ready for that moment for so many years! What does it feel like? Do you feel free and uninhibited? Tell me all about it!

Where did you go for a holiday? or did you just stay at home and relax for a while, or did you work to get some money?

In text message, the Acronyms and inverted grammatical phenomenon are

used frequently in order to make the expression simple，vivid and oral. OIC- Oh I see.

BRB - Be right back

BFN - Bye for now

LOL - Laughing out loud

ASAP - As soon as possible

BTW - By the way

Plz - Please

Thx - Thanks

Cya - See you

L8r - Later

K - OK

That’s my ideas on the register, structure and grammar in different types of writing.