【转】

以下是第三方论点，里面对PS很有帮助！

本人一直认为硕士申请过程中两个主观方面的努力是最重要的：1、根据自己的情况实事求是、因人制宜，选择适合的学校和专业，2、尽量把PS写好，展现自己的优势和特点。客观的东西因人而异，说不清楚，不过话说回来大家总有渠道去挖掘各种信息，反而是写PS这样需要主观创造的东西似乎更让大家挠头；本人见过不少学生自己写的和比较专业人士写的PS，自己写写过不少的PS，自认为小有心得，在此跟大家分享；不求爆红于网络，但求能让需要这些信息的你眼前一亮，如果能给你些许帮助，就算是我积了德了。

说到PS首先总得知道什么是PS，它的功能是什么，应该包含什么内容，质量衡量标准是什么，对吧？其次，咱再来看怎么样才能把它写好，千万不要把顺序弄混了。写PS的准备工作中最首要的任务是明确一个思路和框架，这是最重要也是最困难的工作，千万不要一开始就想我怎么把语言写的多么的深不可测、妙笔连珠，不是说语言好不是PS所需要的，而是开始的时候重点不在这里。好了，言归正传。PS的全称是Personal Statement，意为个人陈述，另称SoP, Statement of Purpose，虽然不同学校对于PS内容的描述和要求确实有微妙的区别，但是大体上可以这么理解：PS，即个人陈述，是一份陈述个人申请原因和解释为什么认为自己适合所申请课程的信。PS的主要功能是向学校解释自己的学术兴趣、教育经历、实践活动、职业规划等成绩单不能体现的方面；这么形象的来说，如果说成绩单和语言能力证明等文件在学校面前搭建了一个申请人的骨架的话，那么PS的主要目的就是为这个骨架增添血和肉，这样才能构建一个鲜活的、独一无二的申请人形象。当然了，这既然是个比喻，它就只是个比喻，只可意会不可细琢。

一封好的PS（请注意是好的，不是完美的）应该具备以下几个标准：

1. 结构清晰，目的明确：这是首要的，一封好的PS一次读下来心里一定是痛快

的，因为感觉顺畅，而且目的性一定很明确。记住无论你写到哪里、怎么写，一定要记得自己的目的：说明你对所选的课程很有兴趣和证明自己有足够的实力学习这一课程；可以从个人从小的兴趣、性格、教育背景、社会经历、职业规划等方面去进行说明。

2. 逻辑性强，事实丰富：尽量用事实和数据去说明自己的一些论断，如“我是一个

乐观开朗的人”这不是一个完整的逻辑，尽量找一个自己亲身经历过的一个事例去说明，如果经过说明自己都相信自己是真的乐观开朗了，这个逻辑就完成了。当然了，这不是说PS里的每一句话都必须要用事实去说明，那就可能要违背其他的原则了；根据自己的PS要表达的中心意思进行适当的筛选，对重点地方进行重点解释。有的同学总说自己确实没有什么事例可以列举的，这种情况就要靠挖掘分析了，毕竟PS是书面的文字，事情的大小完全在于自己的包装，个中细节就靠自己揣摩了。另外，受各方面因素的影响，咱们中国学生写文章一般主观性和口号性比较强，字里行间抒情的成分比较浓，这一点可能得注意一下，尽量用客观的事实和文字去说服读者，而不是强烈的情感指数。

3. 篇幅适当，语言简洁：根据不同学校的不同要求，一般PS的篇幅应该在500-

800字之间，在意思表达完整的情况下尽量简洁为好。所以，建议大家尽量省着点字数去陈述客观事实，而不是抒情。

这几个基本标准当然不能反映一篇好的PS的全部，再补充几点：

1. 一封好的PS就这么几个标准吗？一封好的PS你可能能列出很多个亮点，就像

一篇名人的文章只要你肯奉献脑细胞，准能列出好多个中心思想和升华的主题一样。不过个人总是相信，你先把事情弄简单了才有可能把事情做好了。所以，如果你敢说你写的PS都很好的达到了以上三条非国际著名标准，我就敢说你的PS是一篇好的PS，不论性别、宗教、文化、信仰。

2. 语句通顺，没有明显的语法错误，这种标准我就不放进来浪费大家眼神了。

3. 关于PS的语言，语句通顺易懂、连贯性强、有说服力，能反映你的英语能力

即可，尽量使用短句和直接的表达方式，不要太含蓄。

4. 既然PS是一个主观的创造，很难说绝对的好与不好，也没有最好；内容和语

言是两个大的努力方向，建议尽量花时间、精力去修改内容，语言各有特色，点到即可，大可不必执着追求词汇量之大、句式之杂糅、语言之唯美、情感之浓郁。

5. 不同的人有不同的看法，形成你自己的标准很重要。

6. 个人认为PS只是一封陈述信，并不像设计作品一样需要形式上的美化，所以

图文并茂和其他形式上的创新大可不必。

以上都是本人从实践中总结出来的一些理论，下边来点实际的，说点本人从理论和实践当中总结出来的实践：我个人长期以来琢磨出来的PS写作思路。

一、结构，我一般会把整篇文章分为5个部分，分别说下说明：

1. 开篇：我常采用的开篇方式是开门见山说明自己想要的课程，简单综合性的说

明自己为什么对这一领域感兴趣，一般会跟自己从小的兴趣、现有教育、特殊能力和将来职业规划等有关系。

2. 学术背景：这一部分一般是一段，主要介绍自己本科以上学位的教育背景和成

就进行描述，包括成绩、奖学金、获奖证书等；对于其中与所申请专业相连接的部分（如毕业论文）要重点进行说明（有时候也会需要把预科甚至高中时期的某些科目的成绩搬出来，视具体的写作目的而定）。对于有其他额外的学术经历，如证书、发表论文、考试等，的情况，可以视情况另行多加一段进行描述。这一部分的目的是很明确的，就是要说明我在学术上是绝对能胜任要申请的课程的（请注意不要盲目的陈述）。

3. 相关活动：不知道哪国的俗话说，实践是检验真理的唯一标准，校内校外的一

些实践活动，如学生会、科研实践、竞赛、志愿者、实习等，这些都是很有说服力的信息。当然，我从来不鼓励没有目的性的“摆字儿”，根据不同的目的，同样的实

践经验可以反映申请人不同的兴趣、对某个领域的理解和兴趣的提升、既有的专业和其他能力、提高的能力、对将来职业规划的刺激等等。

4. 个人性格：除了学术背景和实践活动外，个人的性格应该是反映个人兴趣和职

业定位最好的依据；同时，对于性格的描述又面临着抽象、普遍和可能遭到忽略或质疑的风险，因此我一般建议对于这一部分的描写要加入一些事例进行支撑。同时，对于性格的描述也尽量要注意有针对性，如果你申请的课程是金融分析，却说自己骨子里很浪漫和想象力丰富似乎就有点不大合适了。

5. 结尾：由于通篇都在把自己的学术、实践、能力、兴趣、性格与所申请的课程

链接起来，在最后结尾的时候一般建议介绍一下自己的职业规划和欲申请的专业对于自己职业的帮助，同时简单叙述为什么选择该学校。

P.S.:以上只是个人的经验总结出来的PS写作的一个模式，并不是放诸四海而皆准，也不是一定适合每个人；同时，由于本人语言拙劣，并不能把所有的奥秘表达清楚，因此建议大家只做参考。

二、语言，我自己总结出来两个标准（看得明白、没有语法错误就不说了）：

1. 简单：简单有两层含义，一是尽量多用简单句，避免用长句导致意思不能被国

际友人理解的风险；二是对于要表达的意思直白、简单的表达出来，尽量避免含蓄和绕弯子。

2. 简洁：整篇文章的总体风格应该保持简洁明了，不要为了增加语言美和情绪的

饱满而让文章显得冗长和难以理解。事实证明，在人过度审美疲劳的情况下，简单清楚的东西才会让眼前一亮，毕竟Admissions Tutor也是人。

以上信息都是个人总结的，好不好不敢说，希望能对大家有所帮助。说实话，写的挺累的，大家愿意转载还请说明出处，在此谢过！

第二篇：如何写Personal Statement(个人陈述)

一步步教你怎么写PS（一）

PS是Personal Statement的简称，是我们申请美国研究生院的重要材料之一。一份完美的PS有可能使你申请成功的机会大大增加，同时PS也是很好的认识你自己的过程。通过写PS，你将更了解你自己，清楚自己想要什么样的生活，理清自己为什么要去美国，以后将要成为什么样的人。这对申请者来说至关重要，对admission officer来说，PS是你唯一有机会向他们展示一个鲜活的你的材料。成绩单是死的，GRE和TOEFL分数是死的，而他们要找的是一个活生生的人，是一个有血有肉有思想的人，他们在众多的申请者中寻找最适合他们的那一位，你如何认识你自己？你的motivation来自哪里？你将来如何打算？这些东西都可以帮助他们走进你，了解你，认识你，然后决定是不是接受你。U of Washington的admission officer指出，他们会把申请者分成四等： "Admit with guaranteed funding, Admit with potential funding, Tabled (a sort of admissions purgatory), and Reject." It is in the case of "Tabled" and "Admit with potential funding" applications, the admissions officer reports, that the personal statement can make a

real difference: "If there is a good match between the applicant's research interests and the particular strengths of the school, this can bump them up a level or two in the hierarchy of admission."

如何写PS？从PS教程中，我将总结出写PS的各项注意点，一步步教你怎么写PS，希望对大家有所帮助。

Preparation

PS的精髓在于将自己的motivation和Objective充分展现出来，它应该是personaland analytical, 任何generalization都需要避免，PS的关键在于用specific, personal details来展现你的个人魅力和强烈的motivation。

写PS时，要尽量完全的真诚。这是诉说一个你自己的故事，你不是在设法创造一个理想的申请者，而是just be yourself。任何的伪造都是很容易被识破的，只有完全敞开的真诚，才能真正打动admission officer，也才能真正的认识你自己，才能真正让你选择最适合你的graduate program。

用specific details来展现你的motivation很重要。这些specific details可以包括研究和工作经历、课程、你跟你所感兴趣的领域的人的交流、你读的书、你参加的学术报告会，以及任何可以展现你为何选择并适合这个研究领域的原因。

你需要明确你未来的方向，至少为自己未来5~10年的事业做一个规划，而这个规划应该很适合你所申请的这个graduate program，那也正是你选择这个领域的原因。

描述为什么这个graduate program适合你，不要用一些空洞的赞美性的语言，一定要be specific, be analytical。

一定不要出现一些粗心的错误，那只能证明你不够认真对待。

避免说一些空洞无意义的套话，避免陈词滥调。这里可以举个例子。

修改前：In the first project Imanaged, I learned many valuable lessons about the importance of teamwork.

修改后：In the first project Imanaged, I made an effort to incorporate all my colleagues as equal members ofa team, soliciting their feedback and deferring to their expertise as needed.

修改前的这句话很空洞的讲team work，没有任何details；修改后的话就展开讲了我是怎么展现teamwork的。在写PS的时候一定要注意展开这些细节。最好的方法就是以自己的亲身经历开始，让那些展现你的quality和personality的东西自然流露出来，你的那些品质不需要总结性的generalities, 人们会从你对自己经历的specific details的描述判断出你有哪些quality。

不要企图把你所有的经历都写进PS里，PS追求的不是广度，而是深度。好的PS是深入挖掘一个或两个主题、时间或观点的细节。

注意避免敏感话题，因为你不知道admission officer的个人偏见。

不要用冗余的长句。短句更加有力，因为他们更加direct和to the point。举例：

修改前："My recognitionof the fact that the project was finally over was a deeply satisfying momentthat will forever linger in my memory."

修改后："Completing theproject at last gave me an enduring sense of fulfillment."

像the fact that这种词就是完全冗余的。

Brainstorming

1. Performa self-inventory of Your Unique Experiences, Major Influences, and Abilities. Long and short term goals

1. 这所学校为什么吸引你

2. 你对哪个faculty的研究最感兴趣？你最想跟谁一起工作？

3. 你具体想从你所申请的program中获得什么？

4. 你的事业抱负是什么？这个graduate program对你实现事业理想有什么帮助?

5. 你理想的工作的是什么？未来的5~10年甚至20、30年，你想成为一个什么样的人？

Skills and Characteristics

6. 你有哪些品质有助于你在该领域获得成功？You need to make strong connections between your experiences and the qualities you wish to convey.

这里列举一些admission officer认为很重要的qualities：

Seriousness of Purpose (to pursue graduate education)

? Intellectual Ability (to handle graduate study)

? Intellectual Curiosity (about the field you wish to enter)

? Creativity (as reflected in the way your mind addresses issues in the field of your choice) ? Open-Mindedness (to ideas, people, and circumstances different from your own)

? Maturity (as demonstrated by being responsible and trustworthy)

? Concern for Others (either by devoting time to social service activities such as tutoring or by being considerate and empathetic to others' feelings; the latter is more difficult to pull off in an application essay)

Initiative (as in the ability to start a project or take on a responsibility on your own) ? Enthusiasm (as demonstrated by your eagerness to engage in activities)

? Confidence (in your ability to handle difficult situations and novel challenges)

? Being Organized (as in the ability to stay on top of multiple tasks)

? Sense of Humor (as in your ability to find humor in difficult situations; in many ways this is an index of maturity)

? Diligence/Persistence (as demonstrated by your ability to stay with a task until you complete it; this is particularly relevant for programs requiring a dissertation)

? Leadership (as shown in your ability to inspire others to work together to reach a mutual goal) ? Risk Taking (as shown in your ability to deal with uncertainty in order to reach your goal) ? Insight (as reflected in your ability to use introspection to understand aspects of yourself, such as your preferences and your motivations)

? Optimism (as reflected in your ability to find positive aspects in seemingly negative situations) ? Compromise (as in your ability to be flexible in negotiating with others; at a more abstract level this can mean the ability to reconcile ideological opposites or dialectical pairs among others or within yourself)

? Overcoming Adversity (as demonstrated by your resourcefulness in dealing with serious problems such as divorce, death, illness, etc.)

7. 你所拥有的skills（比如communication,leadership, analytical)，注意用specific details来展示你的这些skills

8. 你比其他申请者的优势在哪里？

9. 你可以贡献给你所申请的学校哪些东西？（给你的fellow students，你的faculty,你的broader community)

10. 你认为你为什么会在这个program的申请中胜出？

11.让admission officers对你感兴趣的最compelling的原因是什么？

Background/Accomplishments: Personal

12. What's special, unique, distinctive, or impressive about you or your life story? What details of your life (personal or family problems/history, any genuinely notable accomplishments, people or events that have shaped you or influenced your goals) might help the committee better understand you or help set you apart from other applicants? 哪些人影响了你的选择？

13. Have you had to overcome any unusual obstacles or hardships (e.g., economic, familial, physical) in your life? 你所必须克服的困难？

14. Have you borne significant care-giving responsibilities for family members? For an ailing parent, a sibling, a disabled or aging relative, a child? How has this impacted your academics? Your professional life? Your goals and values? 你从小就需要照顾什么人吗？囧，这点对独生子女不利哎。。。

15. (If you live in U.S. but are not a native-born American) How did you deal with the challenges of moving to the U.S. from your home? Did you experience culture shock? How did you adapt? What was most difficult for you? What aspects of your new home did you enjoy the most? 在美国如何适应的问题，看来美国交流经历还在这个personal方面可以起到一些作用~

16. If work experiences have consumed significant periods of time during your college years, what have you learned (leadership or managerial skills, for example), and how has the work contributed to your personal growth?

Background/Accomplishments: Academic

17. When did you originally become interested in this field? What have you since learned about it-and about yourself-that has further stimulated your interest and reinforced your conviction that you are well suited to this field? What insights have you gained? 你如何对这个领域感兴趣的？

18. How have you learned about this field-through classes, readings, seminars, work or other experiences, or conversations with people already in the field?

19. Are there any gaps or discrepancies in your academic record that you should explain?

20. Can you recall a specific incident that convinced you that you had chosen the right career path?用一个具体的事例来证明你为何选择了正确的道路

2. Consult Friends, Relatives, Colleagues, or Professors for Ideas

别人往往可以看到你性格特征中你自己没有注意到的地方，所以向别人请教可以帮助你更好地了解自己。不妨来做一个调查问卷，向了解你的请教~

I am applying to _________ and must prepare a personal statement as a part of that process. I want to be sure to include all relevant data about myself and my background, so I am soliciting information from various individuals who know me and whose judgment I value. Thank you for your help.

1. What do you think is most important for the admissions committee to know about me?

2. What do you regard as most unusual, distinctive, unique, and/or impressive about me (based on our association)?

3. Are you aware of any events or experiences in my background that might be of particular interest to those considering my application to graduate school?

4. Are there any special qualities or skills that I possess that tend to make you think I would be successful in graduate school and in the field to which I aspire to become a part?

一步步教你怎么写PS（二）

Topic Selection

上边我们讲了通过brainstorming的方式来挖掘自己，现在你手上应该有一大把的经历想要来诉说。你可以深入描述一段经历，也可以写多个经历，但是写的事情越多，每件事情可能就不能做到非常深入了。下面给出一些指导来帮助你narrow down your topic.

Finding the pattern that connects

一定要寻找那些跟你申请的program相关的经历

Conveying something meaningful

一定要找到一个能展现你独一无二personality的经历

Painting a complete portrait

一定要全面展现出你的能力，如果你只说自己的一段经历，这段经历应该能全面展现你的各方面能力；如果你要说自己的多种经历，这些经历之间应该互为补充。

Standing out

一定要突出的unique的地方，如果你觉得实在很难做到unique，那就be more specific and personal.

Keeping your readers interest

从别人的角度来思考，如果你是读者，你读这篇文章的时候会想要了解更多吗？

Staying grounded in detail

一定要用事实说话，一切言语都要建立在事实证据的基础之上。

Answering the question

每个学校针对PS提的问题可能不一样，一定要保证你选的topic能回答大部分学校的大部分问题，PS也要根据学校的问题进行适当调整。

What to avoid 一下几点千万要避免！

Resorting to gimmicks 不要用那些小花招，小伎俩，咱还是应该严肃点

Focusing on negative 应该重点突出你的positive attribute

Repeating information that's listed elsewhere in the application 千万别重复那些你在简历里已经展现出来的东西，需要展现你更加personal的东西

Being too controversial

Seeking pity

You can describe misfortunes or a disadvantaged background, but do not use them as an excuse for bad performances or to seek pity. Doing so not only could sound manipulative, but also means that you haven't emphasized your strengths sufficiently. Thus, as in the case of weaknesses, you should bring up obstacles in your past only to show how you have overcome them.

想要通过PS来解释自己某方面不足的同学请特别注意上面第二点和第五点。注意表现你positive的一面，表现你如何克服困难的一面，少些negative的东西，也不要刻意去解释什么。

一步步教你怎么写PS（三）

Graduate statement themes:

你必须搞清楚的几个问题：

? Why have I chosen to attend graduate school in this specific field, and why did I choose to apply to this particular school's program?

? What are my qualifications for admission?

? What is special, unique, or impressive about my life story?

The future over the past

admission officer想要从PS看三点：你来自哪里?你想从我们的program中得到什么？你未来的打算是什么？

你的PS应该重在未来的职业规划，而不是重复过去的荣耀。如果你过去的经历确实很出彩，一定要多一些分析，不要罗列你的成绩

Why Graduate School?

Early exposure to your field: 避免用一些陈词滥调，比如“I have always wanted to..."

Do not rely solely on your initial reason and forget to justify your choice with more recent

experiences.

讲一些你小时候的事情可能可以吸引读者，一些小时候的兴趣爱好如何发展成为学术喜好的呢？

Goals 明确自己未来的职业发展目标。很多人可能会说自己会进入学术界，那么为了使你的goals显得与众不同一些，你必须突出自己特殊的research interest; 对于想要到学术之外的领域发展的人，必须identify a specific issue and explain the origin and evolution of your interest. Research interests 有些学校会让你写个statement of purpose来表明你的研究兴趣，你可以认为你的读者是一个faculty，但是一个不是专家的人应该也能津津有味地看下去

Addressing the school（在我们写每一个学校的PS的时候，都要做大量的搜索工作！）

You should do this research for your own sake, of course, but discussing your discoveries in your personal statement can help convince the admissions committee that you are a good fit. Avoid mistakes like discussing the school's rank or prestige, or simply offering generic praise. Instead,mention faculty members by name and indicate some knowledge of their work. Discuss your interest in becoming involved in a particular student organization or activity. Consider contacting faculty members first and discussing their current research projects and your interest in studying under them. Then refer to these contacts in your essay.(套磁的作用就出来了哦！） You may also want to discuss your interest in becoming involved in a particular student organization or activity.

mentioning several professors is not as effective as describing one in further depth

Why qualified?

Details about the process are paramount. What we mean by the "process" is the path to achievement. The rest of the application has already summarized your accomplishments and activities. Show the reader what you did in concrete terms, and most importantly, highlight your active roles.

research experience

Remember to keep the discussion personal. Do not become bogged down in minute details and jargon. Ultimately, the focus of the story should remain on you and your growth or success. field experience

unrelated work experience

Extracurricular Activities

Why Unique

这里给大家举几个unique的例子：

This applicant starts by noting the diversity of his ethnic and religious background. When mentioning such points, you should not assume that such diversity is an end in itself. Rather, you should show how your background and culture have shaped your perspective and given you something unique to offer. This applicant does a good job of noting how Zoroastrianism has given him guiding principles, but he never follows through to discuss concrete examples.This essay would have benefited from more details to show his diversity in more tangible terms.

This applicant's story is fascinating, at times harrowing, and ultimately triumphant. From committed social activism to drug and alcohol addiction to a reengagement with the world, the author pulls no punches in telling his unique tale. While he does not whitewash his experience with drugs and alcohol, notice how he situates it in a larger context, showing both how it made him oblivious to the things he really cared about (Third World injustices) and how his reintroduction to those things helped him pull himself out of his downward spiral. In doing so, he demonstrates both a strong social conscience and a dedication to his beliefs. Additionally, his story makes him very hard for an admissions committee to forget. Just be careful that any discussion of past mistakes or difficulties leads to an indubitably positive conclusion.

This applicant shows that you do not need to be a true one-of-a-kind to demonstrate uniqueness in the admissions process. In fact, what sets him apart is a rather typical job in the computer industry. What makes his application unique, however, is that he is applying to a geological sciences program. His interest in mathematical modeling gives him a novel area of specialization to offer to the intellectual diversity of the program.

（原来跨专业申请也算unique）

Finally, this applicant shows that a personal, revealing story can be enough to set someone apart. By recounting a particular episode that sparked her epiphany as a writer, she gives us an in-depth look at her unique approach to her craft. Again, this essay does not discuss exotic experiences, but instead succeeds by painting a detailed, deeply personal portrait that no one else could have written.

Explain Blemishes

Staying up late the night before the GRE is not a legitimate reason for a bad performance, whiledocumented sickness could be. A particularly bad semester could be explained by a death or illness in the family. If you lack research experience, you might point out the number of hours you had to work to make college more affordable for you and your family.

Your best approach might be to try to transform such blemishes into something positive bypointing out particular courses in which you performed well, especially those that were more advanced, more relevant to your intended career path, or more recent.

make sure that you do not take a contentious tone. Don't accuse your teachers of unfair grading standards or complain about lack of extracurricular opportunities at your school. Be clear that you're not trying to excuse yourself of responsibility, but emphasize that you simply want the schools to have the complete picture.