Answer Key
PART TWO: PATTERNS OF ESSAY DEVELOPMENT
8 Description
Questions on the Student Essays, 170–172
1. c
2. I’d been visiting my cousins . . .
3. c
4. b
sight hearing
5. b. He was staring off into space, idly tapping his spoon against the table, while she
sight
sight
drew aimless parallel lines on her paper napkin with a bent dinner fork.
touch sight
sight
c. The blouse is made of heavy eggshell-colored satin and reflects the light in its
sight
folds and hollows.
touch sight
sight
d. Her brows are plucked into thin lines, which are like two pencil strokes added to
sight
highlight those fine, luminous eyes.
6. dull hum, silently waiting, deserted cooking area
7. b
8. The most haunting feature in the photo . . .
9. a
10. a
Questions on the Professional Essay, 180–181
1. Lou’s coffee shop is like “a fond but dysfunctional family.” (Wording may vary.)
2. d
3. Lou is concerned that she is smoking rather than eating.
4. b
5. sight, hearing, smell
6. d
7. After a moment . . .
8. c
9. a
10. b
Prewriting (Writing Assignment 2), 184–185
A. Plucked eyebrows
Oval face
Wavy brown hair
B. Silver earrings
Bracelet
Ring
C. Ring from another man
Signature (“Sincerely . . .”)
9 Narration
Questions on the Student Essays, 190–192
1. “Adopting a Handicap”
2. Thanks to a new building program . . .
3. Pine Street
had a lot of antique stores . . .
4. I hope my parents and I . . .
sight touch
sight touch sight
5. a. My palms reddened and my wrist and forearm muscles started to ache as I tugged at the
touch
heavy metal wheels.
sight
b. I could not see the minister, the choir, or the altar.
hearing
hearing
c. The club thudded against the side of Victor’s head, making him yelp with pain.
sight
sight
d. As we ran, I kept seeing him sprawled on the ground, blood from our beating
trickling into his eyes.
6. Victor, the biggest of us . . .
7. three
8. a. Coping with the wheelchair (orLearning how to use the wheelchair)
b. Dealing with additional problems in the wheelchair
9. After, When, As
10. a
Questions on the Professional Essay, 197–198
1. Answers will vary. One possibility: Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still
loved him and wanted him back.
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. Answers may vary. Two examples:
Vingo tells his story “slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.”
Vingo asks his wife to leave a signal (the handkerchief) rather than confront her directly.
6. Examples of Vingo’s being honorable: He doesn’t express any self-pity about being in jail.
He owns up to his crime. He offers his wife her freedom.
7. Fort Lauderdale, New Jersey, Washington, Jacksonville, the 34th Street
Terminal in New York, Philadelphia, Brunswick
8. But if she didn’t . . .
9. d
10. d
10 Examples
Questions on the Student Essays, 207–208
1. Some kids can be . . .
2. Paragraph 2 in “Everyday Cruelty”
3. To pass time as I walk . . .
4. Then they did even more cruel things . . .
5. A young woman chimed in . . .
6. Explore the rise of Nazi Germany; play a trivia game; hear the life story of a stranger
7. At lunchtime on Wednesday, Then, As people stared, Finally
8. But no part of everyday life . . .
9. “Altered States”: Confronted with inventions . . .
10. b
Questions on the Professional Essay, 215–216
1. b 7.
10
2. c 8.
a. When, The next year
3.
b. too
4. d c
c. although
5. But, I said, he kept . . . 9. a
6. b 10.
c
11 Process
Questions on the Student Essays, 226–228
1. First supporting paragraph; one example of a topic sentence: First, arrange time for
exercise.
2. b
3. One of the problems . . .
4. Then get out the simple materials . . .
5. Paragraph 4 describes an incident with a plumber who left a bathtub dirty.
6. Paragraph 3 describes an incident with a “lemon” bicycle and an incident concerning an
overcharge by a department store.
7. Next; To begin with; Then; Then
8. first . . . next
9. a
10. d
Questions on the Professional Essay, 234–236
1. The job-interview “game” may not be 5. d
much fun, but . . . orHere are guidelines 6. First of all, Then, Finally
to help you play . . . 7. a
2. d 8.
On the other hand
3. b 9.
b
4. c 10.
b
Prewriting (Writing Assignment 2), 238
Step 1:Items 1 through 9 Step 3:Items 13 through 17
Step 2:Items 10 through 12
12 Cause and Effect
Questions on the Student Essays, 243–244
1. b
2. The single time . . .
3. In fact, my “antique” has opened my eyes to the advantages of owning an old car: economy,
reliability, and familiarity. (Wording of answer may vary slightly.)
4. b, d
5. Because they are constantly observed . . .
6. c
7. In addition to the loss of privacy . . .
8. In addition; also
9. One; Last of all
10. a
Questions on the Professional Essay, 249–251
1. The thesis is implied in sentences 1 and 2. It could be stated thus: There are various
possible reasons why mothers tend to hold their babies in their left arms.
2. d
3. b
4. a
5. Fathers show less left-side bias than mothers.
6. The effect:left-side bias
Two possible causes:Answers may vary. Any two of the following: Mother’s heart is on
the left side; “left brain” is more “emotional”; baby usually turns head to right.
7. therefore
8. Recently a possible additional value . . .
9. d
10. b
13 Comparison and Contrast
Questions on the Student Essays, 261–262
1. Paragraph 3: Eating at the Chalet is . . .
2. Once, I forgot . . .
3. 2
4. (Wording of answers may vary)
a. Chalet is dimly lit; McDonald’s is bright.
b. Waiters at the Chalet are formal; employees at McDonald’s are friendly.
c. Food is unfamiliar at the Chalet; food is familiar at McDonald’s.
5. Even the other diners . . .
6. Now, I use several techniques . . .
7. on the other hand
8. most important
9. c
10. b
Questions on the Professional Essay, 268–270
1. Stated in paragraph 6: “. . . the families that operate like Beaver Cleaver’s are . . .
disappearing because three parts of our lives have changed . . .”
2. c
3. c
4. Fast food, takeout, and heat-and-serve dishes make up much of the modern American diet.
5. Television and computers
6. 10
7. After, then
8. Today the words . . .
9. a
10. d
Prewriting (Writing Assignment 1), 270–273
First point: Different playing requirements
Second point: Different traits and skills involved
Third point: Different images
14 Definition
Questions on the Student Essays, 278–279
1. Paragraph 2: Football fans just plain . . .
2. Baseball fans go . . .
3. Should their beloved team . . .
4. c
5. 4
6. d
Questions on the Professional Essay, 285–287
1. Answers will vary. Example: Addiction to TV resembles addiction to alcohol or drugs in
several ways.
2. d
3. b
4. b
5. The heroin addict’s damaged life; the alcoholic’s narrowed and dehumanized life
6. a
7. 6
8. Finally
9. c
10. b
15 Division and Classification
Questions on the Student Essays, 294–295
1. Paragraph 4
2. Mall managers have obviously . . .
3. These frogs are an example . . .
4. Then, they wander . . .
5. Paragraph 4
6. hearing
a. Hearing the music of the antique carousel housed there, Jenny begs to ride her
favorite
sight
pony with its shining golden mane.
hearing sight
b. Shouting “I’m starving!” Fred, Jr., drags the family toward the food court, where
smell
he detects the seductive odor of pizza.
sight
touch
c. Mom walks through a fabric store, running her hand over the soft velvets and
touch
slippery silks.
7. first, Then, Finally
8. A second kind of ad . . .
9. d
10. a
Questions on the Professional Essay, 300–302
1. Answers will vary. One example: Various kinds of waiting interrupt everyone’s life.
2. Answers will vary. One possibility: This is intentional; it is done for a humorous effect.
3. Watched-Pot Wait; Forced Wait
4. “You have a choice” in the Forced Wait.
5. He gives examples: protecting your car by not running it cold; preparing soup properly.
6. Introduction: paragraphs 1–2
Topic 1: paragraphs 3–5
Topic 2: paragraphs 6–8
Topic 3: paragraph 9
Topic 4: paragraphs 10–11
Conclusion: paragraphs 12–13
7. A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is . . .
8. b
9. d
10. He uses an image in which all the waits are involved. (Wording may vary.)
16 Argumentation
Questions on the Student Essays, 314–315
1. Paragraph 4. Topic sentences will vary; one example: Local news is often lacking in depth.
2. Is raising taxes . . .
3. Stress is probably greater . . .
4. “Teenagers and Jobs”: Also, teens who have money . . .
“Once Over Lightly”: They too dilute the news . . .
5. Paragraph 3 . . . However
6. Weatherpersons, reporters, anchorpersons
7. Paragraph 3: Another
Paragraph 4: Finally
8. Change-of-direction: But
Illustration:For example
9. b, c
10. b
Questions on the Professional Essay, 320–322
1. c
2. d
3. a
4. c
5. a
6. Knives promote physical fitness, don’t ricochet, don’t kill people cleaning them.
No, she is not really pro-knife; her point is that guns are even more dangerous than
knives. (Answers may vary.)
7. In the first place, plus, and
8. We do, however, license . . .
9. c
10. a