With的用法详解
【关键词】 with的复合结构 主动式 被动式
1、引入问题
with后面的宾语补足语是用动词不定式的主动式还是被动式，这
给学生带来更大困惑。请看下面一道单选题：
with all work __，i don’t know if i’ll have time to go out。
a.done b.to be done c.to do d.doing
①（2002上海春季，37）with a lot of difficult problems to
settle，the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
②（2005江西，29）with no hope for cure and no way to reduce
her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient
sought her doctor’s help to end her life.③（2005湖北，31）
they started off late and got to the airport with minutes to
spare.于是他们错误地得出结论，凡是with的复合结构中出现的
不定式一律用主动式,不能用被动式。
《英语非谓语动词》不定式一般体中的to在古英语中原其有”朝
着……方向”的意义，现在某些场合仍多少保留这一意义，因此不
定式一般体常用来表示目的、结果等，其动作常发生或预计要发生
在谓语动词的动作之后。当with的复合结构在句子作状语表示原
因、时间、条件等时，可以将with去掉，变成独立主格结构形式。
eg.⑴ i won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being
ill.→my mother being ill,i won’t be able to go on holiday.
⑵ with spring coming on,trees turn green.→spring coming
on,trees turn green.
关于不定式独立结构的逻辑主语，章振邦主编《新编英语语法》
解释：不定式能够带有自己的逻辑主语构成独立结构，通常置于句
末，用以表示主句动作之后将要发生的事态。例如：we shall
assemble at ten forty-five,the procession to start moving at
precisely eleven.当不定式结构的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，
这个不定式要用被动态。如：the plan was that the two parties
should first reach an agreement on the basic principle,the
details to be worked out later.
根据上述语法规则，我们将题干中的with的复合结构中的with
去掉，那么就变成all work __，i don’t know if i’ll have time
to go out。显然，不定式结构的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。强调
的是所有的工作都被干完后，我不知道是否将有时间出去，故用不
定式的被动式，正确答案是b。再如：（2010四川，阅读理解c）working
closely with scientists and other operations and technical
employees,you will manage a small number of research support
employees providing services to help with the research
activities to be carried out at the new laboratories.句意：
与科学家们和技术熟练的员工队伍密切合作，你将管理一小组支持
研究的员工（这些员工协助在新的实验室开展的研究活动）。
2、with的复合结构的基本形式：
1）with+名词（或代词）+形容词
eg：（1982全国）he slept well with all the windows open.
2）with+名词（或代词）+副词
some students like reading with the radio on.
3）with+名词（或代词）+介词短语
eg：（选修7，58页） they sit in small circles in the square,
with their babies on their backs, completely uninterested in
the tourists!
4）with+名词（或代词）+不定式
eg：（2010浙江,阅读理解e）with so many models to choose from,
it seemed that i would have to spend hours weighing x against
y, always trying to take z and possibly h into account at the
same time.
5）with+名词（或代词）+现在分词
(2009四川)with december coming, there’s still
reconstruction work to be done, so it’s difficult to prepare
for christmas.
6）with+名词（或代词）+过去分词
（2010山东）the living room is clean and tidy, with a dining
table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
3、with的复合结构的否定结构：without+复合宾语
eg：（选修6，41页）it would have been impossible to find my
daughter without the help of frinds reunited.
结语：with的复合结构是英语语言的一种特殊现象，正确使用with
的复合结构可以使语言表达更加生动、简洁。在教with的复合结
构的句法功能时，重点应放在不定式作宾语补足语是主动式还是被
动式，还应该注意过去分词还是现在分词作宾语补足语等方面的区
别。在设计教学活动时既要注意with的复合结构的语法概念，句
法功能，还要注意它的语用价值。
参考文献
［1］ 王嘉龄 王占梅《英语非谓语动词》商务印书馆
［2］ 章振邦 《新编英语语法》上海译文出版社
［3］ 陈琳 《普通高中课程标准实验教学用书》必修（1-5）
选修（6-8）外语教学与研究出版社
［4］ 历届高考英语真题
第二篇：with的用法讲解-最全的with用法
with的用法讲解-最全的with用法
1 同, 与, 和, 跟
talk with a friend
与朋友谈话
learn farming with an old peasant
跟老农学习种田
fight [quarrel, argue] with sb.
跟某人打架[争吵, 辩论]
[说明表示动作的词, 表示伴随]随着, 和...同时
change with the temperature
随着温度而变化
increase with years
逐年增加
be up with the dawn
黎明即起
W-these words he left the room.
他说完这些话便离开了房间。
3 表示使用的工具, 手段]用
defend the motherland with one's life
用生命保卫祖国
dig with a pick
用镐挖掘
cut meat with a knife
用刀割肉
2 说明名词, 表示事物的附属部分或所具有的性质]具有; 带有; 加上; 包括...在内 tea with sugar
加糖的茶水
a country with a long history
历史悠久的国家
4 表示一致]在...一边, 与...一致; 拥护, 有利于
vote with sb.
投票赞成某人
with的复合结构作独立主格
表示伴随情况时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构：with +名词（代词）+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如：
He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise.他举手着站在那儿。
典型例题
The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词\"手\"与分词\"绑\"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选
D.
注意:
sympathize with sb.
同情某人
be with sb.
赞成某人, 在某人一边
5 [表示随身携带]在...身边
Have you some money with you ?
你(身上)带钱了吗?
Take an umbrella with you.
随身带把伞去。
[表示行为方式]以..., 带着
Handle with care!
小心轻放!
with accuracy
精确地
with smile
面带微笑地
serve the people with one's whole heart
全心全意地为人民服务
6 [后面加复合宾语, 表示伴随关系]
walk with a stick in one's hand
手拿拐棍走路
sleep with the window open
开着窗睡觉
7 [表示原因, 条件, 结果, 让步等关系]由于, 因为; 当(有)...情况下; 如果有; 虽然, 尽管
jump with joy
高兴得跳起来
shake with cold
冷得发抖
She was dying with hunger.
她饿得要死了。
W-all his money, he is unhappy.
尽管他有那么多钱, 他也并不愉快。
对于, 关于, 就...来说
They are friendly with us.
他们对我们很友好。
We are pleased with the house.
我们对这所房屋很满意。
It is day with us while it is night with them.
对于我们此时是白天, 而对于他们则是夜晚。
8 [与副词连用, 构成祈使句]
On with your shoes!
穿上鞋!
Off with your clothes! 把衣服脱下来!
Down with terrorism! 打倒恐怖主义!