初中被动语态专项

时间:2024.3.27

语法专练---被动语态

一、语态概述

我吃了一个苹果, 那现在苹果怎样了?苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。 例如:many people speak English.

谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)

The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。

及物动词---本身意义不完整,后必须带宾语,有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必须通过介词。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时:am/is/are+eaten

一般过去时:was/were+eaten

一般将来时:will be+eaten am/is/are+going to be eaten 现在进行时:am/is/are being+eaten

现在完成时:have/has been+eaten

含有情态动词的 “情态动词+be+过去分词”,

歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如:some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于19xx年。(没有必要或说出出版者)

(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。

例如:The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;

动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如: All the people laughed at him.

---- He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

----The bikes are made by them in the factory.

歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”。例如:

we can repair this watch in two days.

--This watch can be repaired in two days.

We must finish this work soon.

--This work must be done soon.

6. 主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.

(1)时态保持一致。

I have repaired my computer.

---My computer has been repaired.

(2)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him.

--He is often looked after by his best friend.

(3) 主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy//get用for;动词give//send/lend/take用to)

Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语,人间物直, me为间接宾语,a book 为直接宾语)

-- I was given a book by Vivian.

--A book was given to me by Vivian.(直接宾语提前时,要在间接宾语前加介词)

(4)主动语态若有复合宾语,(即句子结构为主+及物动词+宾+宾补),将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补不变。

They call him Louis.

--He is called Louis

.

(5)主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时,后面的不定式需要加上to.

Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.

--He was made to wash the dishes.

(6)主动形式表被动.

The poem reads well.

(7)有些动词不能用于被动语态 take place/happen/come true/break out/belong to等。

All your dreams will come true if you try your best.

即学即练

1)将下列主动句转换成被动句。

1. The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games. __________________________________________________________________

2. I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas.

__________________________________________________________________

3. They should do it right now.

__________________________________________________________________

4. They named the boy Johnson.

__________________________________________________________________

5. The monster let the little girl clean the cave.

__________________________________________________________________

6. People in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress.

__________________________________________________________________

7.We can’t do it in one day.

__________________________________________________________________

8.I saw a dog crossing the road.

__________________________________________________________________

9.Young people must take good care of old people

10.The workers are building a new railway between the two cities.

2).选择正确答案 1. I promise that matter will _______.

A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of

2. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.

A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given

3. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given

4. Can such a thing _____ happening again?

A. prevent from B. prevented from

C. be prevented from D. to prevent from

5. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.

A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building

6. This bike ________ last year.

A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought

7. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?

A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed

8. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.

A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding

C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided

9. The pen _______ me. It is hers.

A. isn’t belong to B. wasn’t belong to

C. doesn’t belong to D. didn’t belong to

10. I can’t use my bike because it _______.

A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing

11.- The window is dirty.

— I know. It _____ for weeks.

A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

12.—How long _______ at this job? —Since 1990.

A. were you employed B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed D .will you be employed

13. Forests ______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut

14. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.

A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose

15. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built B. is built

C. has been built D. is being built


第二篇:初中英语被动语态专项练习1


初中英语被动语态专项练习1

( B ) 1. The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.

A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found

( D ) 2. English ____ in Canada.

A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken

( D ) 3. This English song___ by the girls after class.

A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung ( D ) 4. This kind of car ___ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made

( C ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.

A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used

( B ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.

A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep

( C )7 -I'd like to buy that coat.

-I'm sorry. ___.

A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold ( B ) 8 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building ( B ) 9 The key ___ on the table when I leave.

A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left

( C ) 10 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need

( A ) 11His new book___ next month.

A. will be published B. is publishing

C. is being published D. has been published

( A ) 12 Japanese ___ in every country.

A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking ( B ) 13 These papers___yet.

A. have not written B. have not been written

C. has not written D. has not been written

( B ) 14 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.

A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't ( A ) 15 — My shoes are worn out.

—_______________

A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.

C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended? ( B ) 16 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.

A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are

( A ) 17 ___ these desks be needed?

A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do

( B ) 18 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?

A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held

C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held ( D ) 19 Who was the book___?

A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by

( B ) 20 Where ___ these boxes made?

A. was B. were C. is D. am

( B ) 21 The flowers___often.

A. must be water B. must be watered

C. must watered D. must water

( A ) 22 The books may___ for two weeks.

A. be kept B. be borrowed

C. keep D. borrow

( B )23 The teacher made him___ his homework.

A. to do B. do C. did D. done

( A ) 24 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.

A. was made to clean B. made clean

C. made to clean D. was made clean

( A )25 These children____dance.

A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to ( B ) 26 These stones___well.

A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted

( C )27 The bike ___ 500 yuan.

A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed

( B) 28 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.

A. was had B. was held C. held D. had ( B ) 29 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.

A. took place B. have taken place

C. were taking place D. had taken place

( A )30 You can't use the computer, it____.

A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down ( A ) 31 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.

A. have happened B. happened

C. have been happened D. were happened

( B )32 The watch has often ___ down.

A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell

( A ) 33 Please pass me another cup. This one___.

A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken

( B )34 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.

A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing ( C )35What time ___ the door ___ every day?

A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close ( B )36 Can he___himself?

A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of ( C ) 37 He fell from his bike and ___.

A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt

( D )38Look out, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__

A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn

( C )39 The apple___very sweet.

A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting ( C )40You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.

A. see B. watch C. look D. look at

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