语法专练---被动语态
一、语态概述
我吃了一个苹果, 那现在苹果怎样了?苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。 例如:many people speak English.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。
及物动词---本身意义不完整,后必须带宾语,有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必须通过介词。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+eaten
一般过去时:was/were+eaten
一般将来时:will be+eaten am/is/are+going to be eaten 现在进行时:am/is/are being+eaten
现在完成时:have/has been+eaten
含有情态动词的 “情态动词+be+过去分词”,
歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于19xx年。(没有必要或说出出版者)
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;
动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如: All the people laughed at him.
---- He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
----The bikes are made by them in the factory.
歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”。例如:
we can repair this watch in two days.
--This watch can be repaired in two days.
We must finish this work soon.
--This work must be done soon.
6. 主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.
(1)时态保持一致。
I have repaired my computer.
---My computer has been repaired.
(2)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him.
--He is often looked after by his best friend.
(3) 主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变。动词make/buy//get用for;动词give//send/lend/take用to)
Vivian gave me a book. (双宾语,人间物直, me为间接宾语,a book 为直接宾语)
-- I was given a book by Vivian.
--A book was given to me by Vivian.(直接宾语提前时,要在间接宾语前加介词)
(4)主动语态若有复合宾语,(即句子结构为主+及物动词+宾+宾补),将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补不变。
They call him Louis.
--He is called Louis
.
(5)主动语态句中动词make, have, let(使sb做sth), notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时,后面的不定式需要加上to.
Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes.
--He was made to wash the dishes.
(6)主动形式表被动.
The poem reads well.
(7)有些动词不能用于被动语态 take place/happen/come true/break out/belong to等。
All your dreams will come true if you try your best.
即学即练
1)将下列主动句转换成被动句。
1. The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games. __________________________________________________________________
2. I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas.
__________________________________________________________________
3. They should do it right now.
__________________________________________________________________
4. They named the boy Johnson.
__________________________________________________________________
5. The monster let the little girl clean the cave.
__________________________________________________________________
6. People in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress.
__________________________________________________________________
7.We can’t do it in one day.
__________________________________________________________________
8.I saw a dog crossing the road.
__________________________________________________________________
9.Young people must take good care of old people
10.The workers are building a new railway between the two cities.
2).选择正确答案 1. I promise that matter will _______.
A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of
2. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given
3. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given
4. Can such a thing _____ happening again?
A. prevent from B. prevented from
C. be prevented from D. to prevent from
5. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
6. This bike ________ last year.
A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought
7. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?
A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed
8. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.
A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding
C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided
9. The pen _______ me. It is hers.
A. isn’t belong to B. wasn’t belong to
C. doesn’t belong to D. didn’t belong to
10. I can’t use my bike because it _______.
A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing
11.- The window is dirty.
— I know. It _____ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
12.—How long _______ at this job? —Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D .will you be employed
13. Forests ______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
14. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
15. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. is being built
第二篇:初中英语被动语态专项练习1
初中英语被动语态专项练习1
( B ) 1. The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
( D ) 2. English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( D ) 3. This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung ( D ) 4. This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( C ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
( B ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( C )7 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold ( B ) 8 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building ( B ) 9 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
( C ) 10 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
( A ) 11His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing
C. is being published D. has been published
( A ) 12 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking ( B ) 13 These papers___yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written D. has not been written
( B ) 14 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't ( A ) 15 — My shoes are worn out.
—_______________
A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended? ( B ) 16 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
( A ) 17 ___ these desks be needed?
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
( B ) 18 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held
C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held ( D ) 19 Who was the book___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
( B ) 20 Where ___ these boxes made?
A. was B. were C. is D. am
( B ) 21 The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered
C. must watered D. must water
( A ) 22 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed
C. keep D. borrow
( B )23 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( A ) 24 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean
C. made to clean D. was made clean
( A )25 These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to ( B ) 26 These stones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
( C )27 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
( B) 28 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was held C. held D. had ( B ) 29 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place
C. were taking place D. had taken place
( A )30 You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down ( A ) 31 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened
C. have been happened D. were happened
( B )32 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
( A ) 33 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( B )34 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing ( C )35What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close ( B )36 Can he___himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of ( C ) 37 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
( D )38Look out, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn
( C )39 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting ( C )40You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at