英语代词的用法归纳
一、定义与分类
代词是代替名词及相当于名词的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词等九类。
二、人称代词的用法
（一）人称代词：表示"我""你""他""我们""你们""他们"的词叫人称代词。人称代词并不全指人，也指物。有三种人称，每个人称又分为单数和复数（第二人
如：I go to school every day.我每天去上学。
（2）第一人称复数we代表说话者一方（二人或者二人以上）"我们"。 如： We are swimming now.我们现在正在游泳。
（3）第二人称单数、复数you代表听话者或者对方（复数you代表二人或二人以上）。如：Are you ready, Sam? 萨姆，你准备好了吗？
（4）第三人称包括he、she、it. He "他" 代表已经提到过的男人。 she"她" 代表已经提到过的女人。It "它"代表已经提到过的事物。
如： He is the tallest in the class. 他在班里是最高的。
She has a little brother. 她有个小弟弟。
I have a handbag. It is black. 我有个手提包，它是黑色的。
（5）第三人称复数they "他们" 代表已经提到过的一些人或者一些事物，这个词没有性别之分。
如：Where are the teachers? They are over there. 老师们在哪里？他们在那边。 Where are the apples? They are in the drawer. 苹果在哪里？它们在抽屉里。 注：1）人称代词主格在句中主要做主语。
如：We went to the zoo yesterday.我昨天去动物园了。
2） 人称代词宾格在句中主要作宾语。
如： Can you help me? 你能帮我吗？
3）人称代词做表语时一般用宾格。
如：Who is that? It's me. 是谁呀？是我。
4)在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格代词。 如：He is taller than me. 它比我高。
He loves you more than me. 她爱你胜过爱我。
5）两个以上的代名词并行排列时，其次序为：
a) 单数人称代词：you he I.如：You, he and I are good friends.
b) 复数人称代词为：we you they. 如We and they went to the Great Wall yesterday c) 第三人称He和 she 同时使用时，先说he,后说she.
如：He and she were late for school this morning.他和她今天早上都上学迟到了。
三、物主代词的用法：表示所有关系的代词, 它与人称代词一样，也分第一人称、第二人称、第三人称，每个人称分单数和复数。 物主代词有形容词性和名词性两种。
形容词性物主代词
如：His brother is an engineer. 他的哥哥是位工程师。
2). 名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能使用名词。在句中做主语、宾语、表语或连用of作定语等。如： This is my pen. Yours is yellow. 这是我的钢笔。 你的笔是黄色的。My pen is broken. Please give me yours. 我的钢笔坏了。请把你的给我吧。This house is ours。这个房子是我们的。Here is my dog. Its name is Tom. 这是我的狗，它的名字叫汤姆。
注：可以说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，但是不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。
有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如：Don’t lose heart. 别灰心 She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。
四、反身代词的用法
表示反射（指一个动作反射到该动做执行者本身）或者强调（即用来加强名词或代词的语气）的代词叫反身代词。
1）．反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性别、数上保持一致。如： He saw himself in the mirror. 他在镜子里看见了自己。在这句话中，反身代词himself 与主语he 是指同一个人。
2）．反身代词还可以用于名词或代词之后或句末，表示强调。
如： I myself do it. 那是我亲自做的。这句话还可以说成：I do it myself.
注：用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态。如： I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。 I’m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服
五、相互代词的用法
英语的相互代词只有each other和one another，它们在句中通常只用作宾语，不能用作主语或状语等。如：Students should help one another. 学生应该互相帮助。 We had known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。
注：相互代词可以有所有格形式(each other’s, one another’s)。如：
They often stay in one another's house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住,另外，有人认为 each other用于两者，one another用于三者，但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。
六、指示代词的用法
用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this 这个 that 那个 these这些 those 那些。其他还有：such这样的 same同样的 so这样。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用做主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。如： These are my pens.这些是我的钢笔。I will do that. 我愿意做那件事。This map is my brother's.这个地图是我哥哥的。
this (these) 指近的事物。that (those) 指远的事物。如：These are my books. Those aren't my books. 这些是我的书。那些不是我的书。
1. 为避免重复，可用 one ,that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。如： I have a red cup . He has a blue one .
Our grain output is now 5 times that of 1980. 我们现在粮食产量是19xx年的5倍 one 用来代指前面的单数可数名词，有前置定语。that 用来代指前面的单数可数名词，有后置定语；that 还用来指前面的不可数名词。ones用来代指前面的复数名词，有前置定语。those 用来指前面的复数名词，有后置定语。
2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this。如： I want to know this: Is she beautiful?
3. 在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方：
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗?
4. 除用作代词外，this 和that 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为“这么”、“那么”，相当于 so。如：I've done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。 Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗?
七、疑问代词的用法
1. 疑问代词引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句。一般放在疑问句的句首。疑问代词有：who(谁，主格) whom（谁，宾格） whose（谁的） what（什么） which （哪个）. 其中who，whom，whose只能指人，who 做主语，whom做宾语， what和 which 可指人或者物。如： Who told you that? 是谁告诉你那件事的？ Whom are you talking about? 你们在谈论谁？Whose books are these? 这些是谁的书？What are you doing? 你正在干什么？Which color do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种颜色？ What did she say? 她怎么说? Which are our seats? 哪些是我们的座位? What are you worrying about? 你为什么事烦恼?
注：who 和 whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语，不用作定语；what, which, whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语，也可用作定语
2. what与 which的用法区别：当选择的范围较明确时，用 which；当选择的范围不明确时，用 what。如：Which color do you like, red, black or white? What color is your car?
八、连接代词的用法
1. 连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等（但who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语），主要用于引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。如：Ask him which he wants. The question is who can help us. What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来有道理。
3. whatever, whoever与whichever的用法：它们可用于引导主语从句和宾语从句，也可用于引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。Whoever you are, you can't enter. 不管你是谁，都不能进去。Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢，我都会高兴。
九、不定代词的用法
1. some 与 any。some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any。如： Will you lend me some money? Why don’t you bring some flowers?
2. 指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。如：He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。
Were they all college students? 他们都是大学生吗?
注：each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上.如：There are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。
3. (a) few 与 (a) little。few和a few 后接复数名词，而little和a little后接不可数名词。其中不带不定冠词的 few 和 little表示数量很少或几乎没有，强调“少”，含有否定意义；而带有不定冠词的a few 和 a little 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义。如：He knew few of them. 他们中间他认识的人很少。He knew little about it. 他对此知道得很少。He sold only a few of the papers. 他只卖出了几份报纸。There is still a little left. 还剩一点点。
4. all, every, each的用法。从强调重点看：all强调整体地考虑总体，every 强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近)，each则强调逐个逐个地考虑总体；从用法看：all和each既可单独使用，也可后接名词，还可后接of短语；而every 后必须接名词，既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语；从含义看，each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every指三者或三者以上“每个”，因此指两者时只能用 each
5. other, the other, another, others的用法。指单数时，若泛指用another，若特指用 the other；指复数时，若泛指用other(后接复数名词)或others(其后不接名词)，若特指用the other (后接复数名词)或the others(其后不接名词)。如：Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。 Show me another. 另拿一个给我看。We should think of others. 我们应该多为别人着想。Where are the other students?
注：another后一般要单数可数名词，但若其后的名词有数词或 few 修饰，则也可接复数名词。如：I've got another five minutes. 我还有5分钟
6. no one, nobody, none 的用法。no one 与nobody 用法相似，均只用于指人不用于指物，且其后不能接of短语，用作主语时谓语单数；而none 既可用于指人也可用于指物，其后通常接of短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指复数名词，则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体)。如：No one [Nobody] has read it. 没有人读过它。None of this milk can be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。None of the films is [are] worth seeing.
7. 复合不定代词的用法。复合不定代词主要包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。其中something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。使用时应请注意以下几点：
(1) 受定语修饰时，定语应置于其后。如：Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。There was nobody tired. 没有一个人很累
(2) 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their。如： If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait.
(3) anyone, everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one, every one (即分开写)。
8、不定代词no 表示否定，意思是：没有，不是。可修饰单数、复数可数名词和不可数名词。如： He has no friends in this city. 在这个城市里他没有朋友。
英语代词考题专练
1. Do you really believe that Mr White has blamed us for the accident, especially ________ ? A. you and me B. I and you C. you and I D. you and we
2. —Daddy, which of these smart hats do you like best in the hat shop? — ________ . They are both expensive and less warm-keeping.
A. Either B. Nothing C. Neither D. None
3. At the shop, they wanted to show me all the dresses, but I was interested only in ________ in the window. A. this B. that C. it D. the one
4. His earliest plays are excellent, but his latest one is ________ .
A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
5. —Did ________ of your parents come to attend the opening ceremony? — ________ of them came.
A. any; None B. any; Neither C. either; Neither
6. —What can I do for you? —I’d like to buy a book, ________ that was written by Lu Xun.
A. which B. one C. but D. all
7. Some of the wheat came from Canada. How about ________ ?
A. another B. the others C. the other D. the rest
8. —Do you have ________ at home now, Stella? —No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.
A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything 9. I won’t trust him. He says one thing to your face but does ________ behind your back. A. other B. the other C. the others D. another 10. Of all the movies Hepbum made ________ is more memorable than “Breakfast at Tiffany’s”. A. few B. little C. no one D. none
11. —Do you mind if Charlie borrows a few hundred dollars from you? —I’m afraid I do. I’ll be glad to lend money to ________ but Charlie.
A. someone B. everyone C. anyone D. no one
12. The boy spent as much time playing computer games as he ________ studying.
A. does B. was C. had D. did
13. —I want to have my CD player fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop. —Oh, I know ________ . Come on, I’ll take you there.
A. one B. the one C. ones D. many
14. Will you see to ________ that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season? A. it B. me C. / D. yourself
15. —He has two brothers and three sisters. Do you know ________ of them? —No, I know ________ of them.
A. some; none B. any; someC. any; none D. either; some 16. Don’t leave your keys in the car. Someone might steal ________ .
A. one B. that C. this D. it 17. I’ve lost my pen. I can’t find it anywhere, so I have to buy ________ after school.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
18. ________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience. A. Someone B. Anyone C. Everyone D. No one
19. —Can I help you? —I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, ________ at a proper price, but of great use. A. that B. anyone C. one D. everything
20. The cruelty of the Germans towards the Jews and ________ of the Japanese towards their prisoners, filled ________ with horror.
A. those; someone B. that; everyone C. it; no one D. this; anyone
21. —Johnson, there’re a lot of chairs over there. Go and fetch ________ for me. —Why ________ ? Mike is sitting there doing nothing.
A. one; me B. that; not he C. it; not him D. some; I
22. He cares so little about his meals that ________ will do so long as it fills his stomach. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
23. I wanted some tea, but there was ________ left in the teapot.
A. none B. any C. nothing D. some
24. —What an amazing film! It’s the most interesting film I’ve ever seen. —But I’m sure it won’t interest ________ .
A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
25. —Have you finished your work yet? —No, I’ll finish it in ________ fifteen minutes. A. another B. other C. more
26.____office is much smaller than ____.
A. Ours ; yours B. Our ; yours C. Theirs ; our
27. “Help___ to some meat.”my uncle said to me .
A. themselves B. yourself C. yourselves
28. There are twenty teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers and ____ are women teachers. A. others B. the others C. another
29.There isn’t ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me ?
A. any ; some B. any ; any C. some ; any
30.There are many trees on ___ sides of the street. A. both B. all C. each
31.___ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in it.
A. Each ; every B. Every; each C. Every; every
32. “When shall we meet, this afternoon or tonight?”
“I don’t mind. ____ time is OK. A. Either B. Every C. Neither
33.Would you like ___ cup of tea? A. other B. the other C. another
34.The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forgot _____.
A. other everything B. anything else C. everything else.
35.____ of his parents is a teacher. A. Both B. Neither C. None
36.The river is very dirty. ____ people go to swim in it.
A. Few B. A few C. Little
37.A friend of ____ came to see ____ yesterday.
A. his ; his B. he ; him C. his ; him
38.You can’t leave your baby by ___ at home.
A. herself B. himself C. itself
39. My father is very busy with his work. He has ___ time to have a rest.
A. little B. a little C. few
40.I have three skirts. One is red. ___ two are black.
A. another B. the other C. the others
41.Jack has ___ friends here. So he often feels lonely.
A. a little B. a few C. few
42.Who teaches ___ French? A. we B. our C. us
43.The boys were all tired, but ___ of them stopped to have a rest.
A. any B. some C. none
44.Sorry, I can’t answer your question. I know ____ about the news.
A. a little B. little C. few
45.—Hello, Bill! Help ____ to a cake . —Thanks . A. your B. yourself C. yourselves
Part two
1.You may come to my house ____ this week ____ next week.
A .neither; or B .from; to C .either;or D. either; nor
2.I don't think we can do it all ____.
A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourself D .by yourselves
3.I don't want this shirt. Please show me ____.
A .others B .the others C .another D .the other
4.I can't repair the model ship ____. Can you help ?
A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself
5.Does your brother often wash clothes ?
A. he B .himself C. herself D .him
6. We study Chinese, English , maths and some subjects.
A .the other B. one C .other D .another
7.I have two sisters. of them are doctors.
A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither
8.The book on the shelf is . She wrote name on its cover .
A .Hers; her ;herself B. Her; hers; herself
C. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself
9. "Don't worry . There's much wrong with you." said the doctor.
A. nothing B .everything C. something D .very
10.These shoes are too small. You may buy some ____ shoes.
A .another B .other C .the .others D. others
11.I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner , but ____ of them came .
A .another B. other C .the others D .others
12.They are ____ the same size , so you may take ____ half of the cake.
A. at; each B. in; both C .at; neither D .in; either
13.Betty and John have come back , but ____ students in the class aren't here yet.
A. the other B others C. another D. the others
14.Your mother is kindness ____.
A .itself B. herself oneself D .himself
15.She stayed there longer than ____.
A. anyone B .anything else C. anybody D .anybody else
16.Is this her bike? No, it isn't . It's ____.
A. mine B. my C. me D. he's
17. ____ Li Ping's brother.
A. Her B. His C. He's D. She's
18.He is a boy. name is Wang Bing.
A. He B. His C. Her D. He's
A. It's a bread B. It is a bread C. It's bread D. This's bread
20.The bowls are on the table .There are some eggs in .
A. the B. them C. it D. he
21.Let have a meeting .A. me B. you C. us D. me
22. Mother often sees on Sunday .
A. her all friends B. all her friend C. her friends D. her all friend.
23.When you see Tom and his sister , tell that mother is waiting at the gate.
A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them ; their D. his ; her
24.He wants you to talk about China.
A .anything B .nothing C. thing D .something
25.Granny seems ill . Are you sure it's ?
A .nothing serious B. anything serious C. serious nothing D. serious anything
强化练习题
1. She heard a terrible noise, ______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. The teacher gave the books to all the students except _______who had already taken them.
A. ones B. some C. the ones D. the others
3. Our manager allowed _______to take a holiday next week.
A. you and I B. yourself and me C.I and you D. you and me
4. Although he 's wealthy，he spends___ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
5. They were all tired, but _____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
6. I don’t know whether small oranges are sweeter than big ______.
A. those B. ones C. one D. that
7. When they met, they stopped and said hello to_______.
A. each other B. each another C. the other each D .each one
8. After everyone took_______ place, the meeting began.
A. his B. their C. there D. the
9. －Why don’t we take a little break?
－Didn’t we just have _______?
A. it B. that C. one D. this
10. If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay ___$15.
A. another B. other C. more D. each
11. We should always keep ______ well-informed of the changing information.
A. us B. ours C. ourselves D. we
12. Give the message to ______ is at the table.
A. whomever B. whosever C. whatever D. whoever
13. I found _______impossible for _______to work out the maths problem.
A. it; him B. it; he C. that; him D. that; he
14. Few pleasures can equal _____ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
15. I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
16. Mary learned Chinese for about two years, _______is, from 1993 to 1995.
A. this B. that C. it D. he
17. She is doing her homework.I'll do_______. A. such B. so C. the same D. the same as
18. In some restaurants, food and service are worse than ______ used to be.
A. they B. it C. them D. that
19. Everyone who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with _____ own names cut in it as a souvenir. A. his B. her C. their D. our
20. Children can usually dress ______ by the age of five.
A. him B. them C. himself D. themselves
【答案解析】
1. A. 要选的代词作动词blame的宾语，当然要用人称代词的宾格，故选A。
2. D. 由best可知，该处的hat应有三顶或三顶以上，排除指两者的A和C。另请注意：后文的both不是指hat，both…and…既(昂贵)又(不保暖)。nothing意为“没有任何东西、无物”，意义不通。none指三者或三者以上“一个也不”。
3. D. the one替代the dress。(from )
4. D. 此处nothing意为“微不足道的(of no importance)，无价值的(worthless)”；something某事物、重要的或了不起的人或事物；anything任何事物、重要的人或事物；everything每件东西、最重要的事物。
5. C. 两者：“都”用both，“任一”用either，“一个都不”用neither；多者：“都”用all，“任一”用any，“一个都不”用none。由your parents可知，是指两者，故选C。
6. B. one替代a book，作前面a book的同位语，后面that was written by Lu Xun是修饰one的定语从句。
7. D. another, the other(s)只能替代可数名词，而the rest既可替代可数名词又可替代不可数名词。句中要替代的wheat，是不可数名词，所以只有D正确。
8. B. 语境题，几个答案似乎都可用于疑问句中。但根据still，说明已有一些东西了，只是还需要几镑水果和一些茶，所以用everything，问的是否齐全。
9. D. 此句中的another指“另一件事、另一套”，并非特指。the other指“(两者中的)另外那一个”，the others指“其余的那一些”均为特指；无冠词的单数other，只能在名词前作定语，故不能选A、B和C。
10. D. 不难看出要选的代词是指movie，首先排除只能指代不可数名词的little。根据动词is，不能用复数few作主语，排除A。而no one (=nobody)只能指人，因此，只有D正确。
11. C. 由I’m afraid I do. 可知，我把钱借给除Charlie外的任何人，就是不借给他。
12. D. 因为do可以用来替代动词，以避免重复；句中did替代spent。
13. A. 因为意思是“我知道一家店铺”；one 用来替代“a +名词”，指同类事物中的一个，在此句中替代a repair shop。
14. A. 因为see to it that…是习语，与make sure that…相当，意思是“务必要…”。
15. C. 因为指三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”用any，“一个也不”用none。
16. D. 因为指与前面提到的是同一物时，用it，此处it替代the car。
17. B. 因为one用来替代“a /an+单数可数名词”指同类事物中的一个，此处one替代a pen。
18. A. 因为someone在此指办公室里的“某一个人”。
19. C. 因为one在题中替代a present，并作a present的同位语。(from )
20. B. 因为指同类事物，又是替代不可数名词时，只能用that，此处that替代the cruelty。everyone意为“每个人、大家”。
21. A. 因为此处one替代a chair；又因为在简略回答中习惯上用宾格。
22. C. 因为anything是“无论何物”之意，与语境相符。
23. A. 区分：none一点也没有；nothing没有任何东西。
24. C. 因为both, every等与not连用构成部分否定；not…everybody是“并非每一个人”之意。句意是：我相信这部电影不会使每个人都感兴趣。
25. A. 表示“另外十五分钟”用：another fifteen minutes = fifteen other minutes =fifteen more minutes
Part two
The key to the exercises:
1-5 CACCB 6-10 CAAAB 11-15 DDABD 16-20 ACBCB 21-25 CBCDA