德语介词用法总结

一、一些介词的辨析

1、表示时间的介词in、an和um的区别：

介词in和an都可以用来表示时间概念，但是它们的分工不同，一般来说，in表示“较大的时间概念”，有年份、月份、四季、一些固定词组等；而an则用于表示“较小的时间”，有某一天、某一天里的某个时间段、星期几、周末等；um则表示“整点”。以下将逐一举例说明：

z. B. In 2000 begann der Bürgerkrieg（内战）. ( 年份 )

Im Sommer wird（变得） es normalerweise（通常） sehr hei?（热）. ( 四季 ) In Mai findet es ein Fu?ballspiel in Schanghai statt. ( 月份 )

In der Nacht lernt er immer zu Hause Deutsch. ( 固定用法 )

Am Sonntag geht er in der Regel（通常） nicht zur Arbeit. ( 星期几 ) Am Samstagabend lernt er zu Hause Deutsch. ( 某一天里的某个时间段 )

Am 1. Oktober feiert（庆祝） man überall（到处） Nationalfeiertag. ( 某一天 ) Am Wochenende（周末） bleiben（停留、呆在） wir immer zu Hause. ( 周末 ) Um 4 Uhr gehen（走） wir zusammen（一起） nach Hause（回家）. ( 整点 )

PS：在上面的例句中，die Nacht这个词是阴性的，所以必须用介词in ！

2. 表示时间关系的介词 in、für、ab、seit

这4个介词都用来表示时间概念，但是它们的区别其实很明显，如下： ( A ) in表示“在......之后”，后面跟的是一个“未来的时间段”；

( B ) für中文解释为“为期......多久”，后面跟的也是一个“未来的时间段”； ( C ) ab表示“从......时候开始”，后面跟的是一个“未来的时间点”；

( D ) seit表示“自从......时候开始”，后面跟的是一个“过去的时间点或者时间段”； z. B. In drei Tagen(三天) fliegen wir nach Deutschland. ( drei Tage是未来时间段 )

Der Arzt hat schon gesagt, dass du für zwei Monate im Bett bleiben musst.（医生已经表示，你必须在床上待2个月）

( zwei Monate也是未来时间段 )

Ab sofort（立即） koche ich unser Abendessen. ( sofort 是未来时间点 ) Ab heute Abend bleiben（呆在） wir zu Hause. ( heute Abend 是未来时间点 )

Ab n?chster Woche（下一周） wird diese Stra?e wegen des Ausbaus（）改建 vorl?ufig（暂时的） abgesperrt. ( n?chste Woche 是未来时间点 )

Ab dem 1. 1. 2009 tritt das neue Gesetz in Kraft. ( 1.1.2009是未来时间点 )

Seit（从……起） 1978 hat China sich（自己） schnell（快速的） entwickelt.（发展） ( 1978 是过去时间点 )

Seit dem 1.1.2008 haben wir viel Glück（幸福）. ( 1.1.2008 是过去时间点 ) 1

Seit drei Jahren（3年） sind wir schon verheiratet（结婚）. ( drei Jahre 是过去时间段 )

3. 表示时间的介词 bei、vor、nach、w?hrend

这4个介词都表达时间概念，它们的区别十分一目了然；并且，这4个介词后面所跟的名词，往往是从动词变化过来的，具体如下：

( A ) bei解释为“在......时候”，表示正在发生的，同时进行的行为或动作；

( B ) vor解释为“在......之前”，表示在此之前发生的动作；

( C ) nach解释为“在......之后”，正好与vor相反，它表示在此之后发生的动作； ( D ) w?hrend解释为“在......期间”，表示在某个时间段内发生的动作或行为；

z. B. Beim Essen darf（被允许） man nicht laut sprechen. ( das Essen从动词essen过来 )

Er liest gern Zeitungen beim Frühstück. ( Frühstück 也从动词变过来 ) （他喜欢在早餐时读报纸）

Vor dem Essen muss man die H?nde waschen.

（饭前一定要洗手）

Nach dem Essen soll man auch die H?nde waschen.

（饭后希望人们洗手）

W?hrend meines Studiums in Deutschland habe ich viele neue Freunde kennengelernt. ( das Studium 属于一个时间段 )

（在德国读大学的时候，我认识了许多新朋友。）

4. 表示方向的介词 nach、in、zu、auf和an

这4个介词都表示“往哪里去”的概念，但是它们的分工很不相同，具体如下：

( 1 ) nach后面跟的对象有2种，一类是所有中性的国家名称；；另一类是所有城市名称； ( 2 ) in后面跟的是阳性和阴性国名；或者后面跟一个封闭空间；

( 3 ) zu后面跟的是一个人称代词，或者是用职业来表示的某个人；

( 4 ) auf表示“到......上面去”，经常用于一些固定搭配；

( 5 ) an表示“到......边上去”，也经常用于一些固定结构中；

z. B. Morgen fliege ich nach Deutschland. ( Deutschland 是中性国名 ) Heute Abend fahre ich nach Schanghai. ( Schanghai 是城市名 )

Morgen gehe ich in die Schweiz. ( die Schweiz 是阴性国名 )

N?chster Woche(下周) fliege ich in den Iran. ( der Iran 是阳性国名 )

Gestern（昨天） ging ich allein（独自） ins Kino. ( das Kino 是一个封闭空间 ) Bitte kommen Sie heute Nachmittag zu mir ! ( mir 是一个人称代词 ) 请你今天下午到我家来！

Heute muss ich zu meinem Professor gehen. ( Professor 是一个职业名称 ) Morgen fahren meine Eltern aufs Land. ( 固定用法 )

Im Urlaub gehen wir auf die Insel. ( 固定用法 )

Am Wochenende fahren wir ans Meer. ( 固定用法 )

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Wir m?chten an den See fahren. ( 固定用法 )

我们愿意到海边去。

5. 表示原因的介词aus、vor、wegen、durch、aufgrund

( A ) aus表示的原因多为“一种内心的感受”，并且后面的名词无需冠词；

( B ) vor表示的原因为“一种外来的刺激”，后面的名词也不同冠词；

( C ) wegen表示原因，是一个普遍适用的介词，后面跟第二格；

( D ) durch在表示原因的同时，又表示“方式”，后面名词跟第四格；

( E ) aufgrund同wegen类似，但是用于较正式场合，后面名词跟第二格；

z. B. Aus H?flichkeit hat er einen Brief an mich geschreiben. ( 出于礼貌 ) Aus Freundschaft habe ich ihm beim Umzug geholfen. ( 出于友谊 )

Er zitter（颤栗）t vor K?lte. ( 因为寒冷 )

Er hat gro?e Angst vor Prüfung. ( 因为考试 )

Wegen meiner Krankheit kann ich heute Abend zu dir nicht kommen. Durch flei?gie Arbeit hat er viel Geld verdient. ( 既表方式也表原因 )

Aufgrund des Umbaus wird diese Stra?e ab n?chster Woche vorl?ufig eingesperrt. ( 因为改建 )

6. 表示“虚拟状态”的介词bei、mit、ohne

这3个介词表示“虚拟”，即徳语中的非真实条件，具体区别如下：

( A ) bei解释为“如果在......的时候”，一般句子中会使用第二虚拟式；

( B ) mit解释为“如果有......的时候”，表示一个非真实的条件；

( C ) ohne解释为“如果没有......的话”，同样表示一个非真实条件；

z. B. Bei schlechtem Wetter k?nnten wir nur zu Hause bleiben. ( 第二虚拟式 ) Bei Regen k?nnten wir noch ins Haus gehen. ( 实际没下雨 )

Mit dem Auto k?nnte ich nach Hause gehen. ( 实际没有车 )

Ohne Wasser k?nnte niemand leben. ( 实际有水 )

7. 表示“根据”的介词nach、laut、gem??、zufolge、entsprechend

这4个介词都表示“根据”，很难进行区分。但是，一般情况下使用nach较多，后面3个多用于正式场合；zufolge往往用于一些新闻报道中，翻译为“据.....”，并且一般把名词放在zufolge之前，使用第三格；而entsprechend则是从动词entsprechen演变而来；laut一般用于较正式场合，后面名词用第三格；具体如下：

z. B. Meiner Meinung nach ist es eine schwere Aufgabe. ( 习惯把Meinung前置 )

Gem?? dem neuen Gesetz dürfen wir in der ?ffentlichkeit nicht rauchen. ( 根据这部新法律 )

Laut den Vorschriften der Firma dürfen wir nicht im Büro essen.

( 按照公司的规定 )

Den neusten Nachrichten zufolge sind etwa 250 Menschen bei diesem Unglück ums Leben gekommen. ( 根据最新消息 )

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8. 表示“排除”概念的介词neben、au?er

两者区别就在于neben是异类排除；而au?er是同类排除，后面都跟第三格，具体如下： z. B. Neben mir sind meine Eltern nicht da. ( 我到了，父母没到。)

Au?der mir sind meine Eltern auch da. ( 我到了，父母也到了。)

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第二篇：介词的用法总结

介词的用法

1.表示地点位置的介词

1)at ,in, on, to，for

at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”

in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。

on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。

to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”

2)above, over, on 在……上

above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；

over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。

The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk.

3)below, under 在……下面

under表示在…正下方

below表示在……下，不一定在正下方

There is a cat under the table.

Please write your name below the line.

4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面

in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。

There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)

in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。

There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.

我们的教室前边有一块黑板。

Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.

我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)

5）beside，behind

beside 表示在……旁边

behind 表示在……后面

2.表示时间的介词

1)in , on，at 在……时

in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。

如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one?s life , in one?s thirties等。

on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。

如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year?s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指，等。

如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。

注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.

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2)in, after 在……之后

“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；

“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；

“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

3)from, since 自从……

from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；

since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。since表示"自（某具体时间）以来"，常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。

since liberation（1980）自从解放（19xx年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood．

他们从小就是好朋友。 （1）since the war是指"自从战争结束以来"，若指"自从战争开始以来"，须说"since the beginning of the war"。

（2）不要将since与after混淆。

比较：He has worked here since 1965．（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从19xx年以来，他一直在这儿工作。

He began to work here after 1965．

（指一点时间，强调时间点）从19xx年以后，他开始在这儿工作。

4)after, behind 在……之后

after主要用于表示时间；

behind主要用于表示位置。

时间名词前介词用法口诀

年前周前要用in 具体日子要用on 遇到几号也用on 上午下午得是in 要说某日上下午 用on换in记清楚 午夜黄昏用at 黎明用它也不错 at用在时分前 说“差”可要用上to 说"过''要用past

3.表示运动方向的介词：

across, through 通过，穿过

across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维

through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。

4.表示“在……之间”的介词：

表示“在……之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词，如in front of ，behind ，on， in， near， under， up

between, among

between指在两个人或两个事物之间；

among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

5.表示其他意义的介词

1)on ,about 关于

on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；

about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。

2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具

by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；

with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；

in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；

3)except, besides 除了

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except 除……之外，不包括在内；

besides 除……之外，包括在内。

Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

其它常用介词

介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:

1）about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.

I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我买了一本有关的书。 There are about fifteen trees in the picture.大约有十五棵树在图片里。

2）above 在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.

The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。

I think the man is above sixty years old.我想那人有六十多岁了。

3）across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.

Can you swim across the river？你能游过河吗？

We live across the street.我们住在街的对面。

4）after 在...后面,依照.

He went home after school.他放学后就回家了。

Read after me, please.请跟我朗读。

5）against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背,

The car hit against the tree.汽车撞了树。

He is standing against the wall.他靠墙站着。

6）along 沿着,顺着.

They are walking along the river.他们沿着河行走。

7）among 在...当中.（三者或三者以上）

He is the tallest among them.他是他们当中个子最高的。

8）around 在...的周围,在...那一边.

They sat around the table talking the news.他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。

There is a drugstore around the corner.拐角处有一家药店。

9）as 作为.

He doesn't like people treat him as a child.他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。

10）at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(卖)...钱, 在...（强调地点）

He always gets up at six in the morning.他时常早上六点钟起床。

He shot at the bird but missed it.他向鸟射击，但是没射中。

The car goes at eighty miles an hour.汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。

11）before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)

He took a picture before the car.他在汽车前照了张照片。

He can't finish his work before supper.晚饭前他完不成工作。

12）behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如4）after 在...后面,依照， Are there any brooms behind the door.门后有扫帚吗？

All of us are behind him in mathematics.我们数学都不如他。

13）below 在...之下,低于,

There are four lights below the ceiling.天花板下面有四盏灯。

The murderer run away below the police's eyes.杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。

14）beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.

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He found the body beside the river.他在河边发现了尸体。

Beside yours， my computer is too slow.与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。

15）besides 除...之外, 还有...

We are all here besides Bowe.除鲍外，我们也都来了。

16）between 在...两者之间,

He sits between you and me.他坐在你我之间。

17）beyond 在...那边,

The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.你要找的商店在街的那边，你不会找不到的。

18）but 除去.

He has nothing but money.他除钱以外什么都没有。

19）by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段。

The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室由学生们打扫干净了。 Miss Lucy came to China by air.露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。

20）down 沿着...望下。

She walked down the street.她沿着街道走。

21）during 在...期间,在...时候。

During the holiday, we went to the south.我们假期去了南方。

22）except 除...之外。

He knows nothing except English.他除英语以外什么都不知道。

23）for 为..., 因为..., 至于... 。

He works for this company.他为这家公司工作。

She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。

24）from 从..., 来自..., 因为...。

Where are you from?你是哪里人？

He died from an accident.他死于一场事故。

25）in 在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。

He was born in 1992.他生于19xx年。

I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。 He spend less time in reading.他读书时间很少。

The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。

26）like 象...，如同...。

The twins are like their father.双胞胎像他们的父亲。

27）near 靠近....。

There are some flowers near the house.房子附近有一些花。

28）of ...的，属于...。

This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。

29）off 离开...，在...之外。

The young man got off the train quickly.那个年青人很快下了火车。

I live in a village a little way off the main road.我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。

30）on 在...之上。

My book is on the table.我的书在桌子上。

31）out of 从...出来，在...之外。

The dog run out of the house.狗从房子里跑出来。

32）outside ... 外边.

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They are waiting outside the gate.他们在门外等着。

33）over 在...之上，遍于...之上，越过...。

There is a light over the desk.桌子上方有盏灯。

He is over sixty years old.他有六十多岁。

34）past 越过...，过...，超越...。

The students walked past the post office.学生们走过了邮局。

It is ten past two.现在是两点十分。

35）round 围着...，绕过...，在...周围。

We sat round the table.我们围着桌子坐下。

The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

36）since 自... 以后，自...以来。

He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。

37）through 经过...，穿过...。（立体层面）

They went through the forest.他们穿过了森林。

38）throughout 遍及...，在各处。

The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.警察搜山寻找犯人。

39）till 直到...，在...以前。

He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.他直到十一点钟才回来。

We'll be home till six.六点以前我们都会在家。

40）to 到...，向...，趋于。

How long is it from here to the station？从这儿到车站有多远？

41）under 在...之下，低于。

There are some footballs under the bed.床底下有几颗足球。

These students are under seventeen years old.这些学生们不到十七岁。

42）until 直到，在...以前，

Please wait for us until we come back.请等着我们回来。

It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.直到上周我才交了数学论文。

43）up 在...上面，在...上。

He went up the stairs.他上了楼梯。

44）upon 在...之上，迫近...。

It's not polite to look down upon him.蔑视他是不礼貌的。

45）within 在...之内。

You must finish the work within two weeks.你必须两周内完成这项工作。

46）without 没有，不，在...之外。

We can't do it better without your help.没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。

We couldn't live without air and water.没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。

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（A）

In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.

To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream(梦幻) World Cups ”in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗帜)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.

Are you a football fan(迷)？The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.

1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______.

A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football player D. a big playground

2. The next World Cup will be held in_______.

A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 2004

3. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________.

A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers

4. In “Dream World Cup”,the children drew the flags of some countries______. </P< p>

A. to show their love for their owe country

B. to tell the people their stories

C. to show their good wishes for the football teams

D. to show their new ideas about football

5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.

A. they are interested in football B. they are football fans

C. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C

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（B）

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artis .So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of hia garden .That was the first photo.

The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre?s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.

In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.

Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of gread people .The picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)

Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feelings,like other kinds of art.

6. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte of ____________

A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window

7. The Daguerrotype was____________. </P< p>

A. Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer

8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to__________.

A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive camera

C. stop in most cities D. take many films and something else with him.

9. Mathew Brady______________.

A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual pictures

C. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people

10. This passage tells us_____________.

A. how photography was developed B. how to show your ideas and feelings in pictures

C. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras

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（C）

Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van(住房汽车)

A small car can hold(容纳)four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded(拥挤). A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.

Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bus a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱)when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents? home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.

Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.

11. From the passage, a van is also called ____________.

A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck

12. Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they__________.

A. sold their old house B. moved to their grandparents? house

C. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car

13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with__________.

A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in vans

14. Americans usually use motor homer____________.

A. to travel with all the family members of holiday

B. to do some shopping with all the family members

C. to visit their grandparents at weekends

D. to drive their children to school every day

15. Motor homes have become popular because___________.

A. they can take people to another city when people are free

B. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays

C. some people think motor homes are cheap

D. big families can put more things in motor homes

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（D）

Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captain's（船长）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea. The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it

stopped in June 1967.It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young island. A new island is like a new world.

16. Surtsey is ______.

A. an island not far from Iceland B. a new volcano

C. a fishing boat D. a place in Iceland

17. Scientists flew there ______.

A. to watch the birth of the island B. to save the fishing boat

C. to learn about the island D. to build a house

18. When did scientist fly there to watch?

A. Before the volcano broke out. B. As soon as the volcano broke out.

C. About four days after the volcano broke out. D. After the volcano stopped rushing up.

19. Put the following sentences in correct order.

a. The captain found the boat was moving. b. A new island appeared in the sea. c. Fire, smoke and rocks were seen rushing up. d. A fishing boat was near Iceland. e. The island grew quickly.

A. d-a-c-b-e B. a-b-c-d-e C .a-b-e-c-d D. b-e-d-a-c

20. The best title of this article is ________.

A. A new island B. The birth of an island

C. A new world D. Scientists discovered Surtsey

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(E)

On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a balloon（气球）.They started early in London. The headman was Augusta Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitland. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.

Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope（绳子）,and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight（重量）.It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.

After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men's basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.

At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometers from London!

21. Three men flew in balloon ________.

A. for nearly 1,800 kilometers B. to another city

C. to visit Poland D. more than a century ago

22. The metal box was used for ________.

A. carrying the bags of sand? ? B. keeping drinking-water

C. carrying ropes of the basket D. changing weight

23. When the balloon went up higher, ________.

A. the temperature of the balloon began to fall B. They saw the sun go down

C. They made a hole in the basket with their knives

D. They could see a black hole on the ground

24. The balloon landed ________.

A. in London B. on the sea C. on a lake D. in a foreign country

25. Which of the following is NOT true?________

A. The three men started their journey before the sun rose.

B. The balloon began to go up when they threw bags of sand out of the basket.

C. When they pulled the box into the basket, the balloon began to climb up.

D. The three men had to land because they felt cold.

1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6． C 7．B 8．D 9．B 10． A 11．B 12．D 13． C

14．A 15． B 16.A 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.B 10

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