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【考研经验】我的翻译硕士考研之心得
体会
20xx年全国研究生考试即将来临，作为一个参加过两次翻译硕士考研的过来人，心得体会是少不了的，在这里我想和大家唠唠关于翻译硕士考研的事情。谨以此文我的翻译硕士考研之心得体会献给大家。
大四我考过一回，结果死在最有信心的语言学上。接着工作，凭借我较好的口语和较强的学习能力，我找到了不错的工作，上手很快，进步很大，毕业的第一年年薪是11万。这对一个三本毕业的，没有工作经验的人来说，确实运气很好~而且这段工作的磨练对我最好的回报就是我的研究生复试成绩是全院第一名。
我知道我是一个有野心的人，第一年就有这样的收获让我对以后充满了期待，但我发现我一年之内所取得的提升几乎是别人五到十年的提升，我发现我的提高空间很小了，所以一年半之后，在亲朋好友和同事的不解和疑惑中，我毅然辞掉了工作，准备考研。
择校：
不得不说，这是考研过程里面最让人犹豫的。有两种人：1，有名校情结，有实力，又自信的人;2，实力较弱，志向不大，信心不足的人。此两种人在择校时不会犹豫，前者选北大，复旦之流的顶级名校;后者选偏远地区冷门学校。但是更多的是第三种人，有些实力，信心不是很足，但又不甘于上普通学校的人。我会建议这样类型的学校给大家，首先，学校要211，最好是985，其次学校在全国排名25名开外;再次，招的人数大于35人;最后，尽量避免直辖市和东部沿海省份的省会地区。
复习：
政治：这一门我觉得我还是有发言权的，我考了两次，第一次60，第二次66.这个成绩不能说好，但绝不拖后腿。两次均没报班，但最后都买了预测题，也背大题了。第二次客观题错了一半，只得了24分，几乎崩溃，没想到主观题拿了42分，我到现在还是不能相信这个成绩。我的经验是：红宝书要看透了!考研机构最后出的预测题可以做做，平时的专题训练意义不大，他们喜欢纠结于老毛的某句话出自于哪本著作，某个提议来源于哪次会议，或是某个选项自身正确但与题目无关，这类题目考试中几乎不出现;你如果平时都做了，正面效果是加强记忆，反面效果就是混淆你原本清楚的东西。
基础英语：
词汇：没啥好说的，背GRE吧，有好处没坏处。老俞的红宝书太多的话可以看陈琦的紫色的要你命3000，少了很多，但都是核心词。
语法：我不说了，高三就把所有语法学完了，薄弱的话看点专四的语法专项提高吧~
凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！ 以学员的前途为已任，为学员提
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阅读：每天一篇经济学家，帮助很大哦，回答主观题的时候，回原文定位，找到了文中原句以后尽量用自己的话说，看不懂得那就照抄吧!
作文：想及格，那么用模板。我的方法是仿写美文，所以我的作文从来没有模板的味道，而且我写的很慢，因为我要求每段话要有两到三句话是出彩的，我爱背各种句子，提醒大家，考前你背的再多也是没用的，背了一定要用到平时的练笔当中，这样考试才能运用自如，否则考试的时候你压根儿想不起之前背的句子~我写作的信条是：出彩，出彩，还是出彩! 翻译：
术语翻译：到百度文库里面找ChinaDaily总结的中国特色词汇，一百七八十页，自己先看一遍，过滤掉你认为肯定不考的，把剩下的好好看，量很大，所以各位自己把握好。
段落翻译：英译汉部分，我先翻译了新概念4，每天一篇;完了再看各校真题，全部翻译一遍，这个当当网可以购买。英译汉绝对要多练才有长进的。汉译英部分，我用的是张培基的散文，第一册都没有翻完，还剩了七八篇文章~老爷子翻译的很好，多练之后你会发现他的风格，他喜欢什么句型，用什么词，当你发现这些特点之后，你的水平也提高了。举一小例，大家可以看看他翻译的冰心的《我的父母之乡》正文第三段最后一句话(特别是灯节)。这个句子在翻译的时候老爷子将原语重新组合了一下，翻译效果极其震撼!
百科：
常识题没啥好说的，看看外国文学和中国文学，这是主要的，可以看看专八的人文知识，帮助还是有的。
大作文卷面一定要干净，字体美不美的无所谓，尽量少涂改，写足字数，开头结尾要漂亮，要出彩!
说了这么多，不知道会不会对大家有一些帮助，哪怕只有一点点的启发我觉得也是值得的。一篇短短的我的翻译硕士考研之心得体会还不足以写尽我对考研之路的感悟，愿你们能够享受你们的考研之路，也能有满满的收获。
凯程教育：
凯程考研成立于20xx年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；
凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；
信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；
使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；
激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；
敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；
服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。
如何选择考研辅导班：
在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。
凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！ 以学员的前途为已任，为学员提
供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。
凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构， 考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！
师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。
对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。
建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（20xx年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。
有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。
凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！ 以学员的前途为已任，为学员提
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第二篇：14年翻译硕士考研真题回顾
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14年翻译硕士考研真题回顾
Section I
Use of English
Directions:
Readthe following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice thattheir memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenlycan’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an oldacquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 ,we refer to these occurrences as “seniormoments。” 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focuscan potentially have a(n) 4 impact on our professional , social ,andpersonal 5 。
Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, areincreasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much thesame way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 .Thinking is essentially a 9 ofmaking connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections thatdrive intelligence is inherited. 11___, becausethese connections are made through effort and fluctuate __12_ mental effort。
Now,a new Web-based companyhas taken it a step __13__ and developed the first "brain trainingProgram"designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental__14__。
The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve yourmemory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress andprovides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Mostimportantly, it 18 modifies andenhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing-much likea(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increaseresistance and vary your muscle use。
1. [A] where [B]when [C] that [D] why
2.[A] improves [B] fades [C] recover [D] collapses
3.[A] unless [B] while [C] once [D] if
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4. [A] damaging [B] limited [C]uneven [D] obscure
5.[A] relationship [B]environment [C] welling [D]outlook
6. [A] figures [B] finds [C]points [D] turns
7.[A] responses [B] roundabout [C] workouts [D] associations
8.[A] genre [B] criterion [C] circumstances [D] functions
9.[A] channel [B] sequence [C] process [D] condition
10. [A] feature [B]excel [C] persist [D] believe
11. [A] however [B]moreover
[C]otherwise [D] therefore
12. [A] instead of [B]according [C] apart from [D] regardless
13. [A] further [B]back [C] aside [D] around
14. [A] framework [B]stability [C] flexibility [D] sharpness
15. [A] hurries [B]reminds [C] allows [D] forces
16. [A] hold [B] track [C]order [D] pace
17. [A] to [B]with [C] for [D] on
18. [A] constantly [B]habitually [C] irregularly [D] unusually
19. [A] put [B] carry [C]build [D] take
20. [A] idle [B]familiar [C] risky [D] effective
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions beloweach text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40points)
凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！ 以学员的前途为已任，为学员提
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Text 1
In order to"change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency."George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the"upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centrewith a CV, register for the online job search, and start looking for work willthey be eligible for benefit - and then they should report weekly rather thanfortnightly. What could be more reasonable?
More apparentreasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker'sallowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, notlooking to sign on." he claimed, "We're doing these things because weknow they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get intowork faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concernedchancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with"reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too littleeffort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. Whatmotivated him, we were to understand was his zeal for "fundamentalfairness" - protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuringthat only the most deserving claimants received their benefits。
Losing a jobis hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart,delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. Itis financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know thatsupport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; youare now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure inyour life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and paythe bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and theanswer is always: a job。
But in Osborneland,your first instinct is to fall into dependency-permanent dependency if you canget it –supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood .It is asthough 20 years of ever –tougher reforms of the job search and benefitadministration system never happened .The principle of British welfare is nolonger that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment andreceive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the veryphrase―jobseeker’s allowance‖ is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker”whohad no fundamental right to benefit he or she has earned through makingnational insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited“allowance”， conditional on actively seeking a job: no entitlement and noinsurance, at ￡71.70 a week ,one of the least generous inthe EU。
21.George Osborne’sscheme was intended to
[A] providethe unemployed with easier access to benefits。
[B] encouragejobseeker’ s active engagement in job seeking.
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[C] motivatethe unemployed to report voluntarily。
[D] guaranteejobseekers’ legitimate right to benefit。
22.The phase ―to sighon‖(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means
[A]to check onthe availability of jobs at the job centre。
[B]to acceptthe government’s restrictions on the government.
[C]to registerfor an allowance from the government.
[D]to attend agovernmental job-training program.
23.What prompted thechancellor to develop his scheme?
[A]A desire tosecure a better life for all.
[B]Aneagerness to protect the unemployed.
[C]An urge tobe generous to the claimants.
[D]A passionto ensure fairness for taxpayers.
24.According to Paragraph3,being unemployed makes one feel
[A]uneasy.
[B]enraged.
[C]insulted.
[D]guilty.
25.To which of thefollowing would the author most probably agree?
[A]The Britishwelfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.
[B]Osborne’sreform will reduce the risk of unemployment.
[C]Thejobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.
[D]Unemployment benefits should not bemade conditional。
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供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。
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Text 2
All around theworld, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession--- with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places whereclients have more grounds for complaint than America。
During the decadebefore the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grewtwice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money.Tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduatesnever get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind ofnuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare。
There are manyreasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There isjust one path for a lawyer in most American states; a four-year undergraduatedegree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensivepreparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduatewith $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means thatthey have to work fearsomely hard。
Reforming thesystem would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have beenaround for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the professionhave been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people tostudy law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for thebar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enoughtest for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do need the extra training could cut their debt mountain bya third。
The otherreason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure ofthe business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of alaw firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure forchange from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulatorsinsist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from thepressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically。
In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improveservices to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employprofessional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency . After all,other countries, such as Australiaand Britain,have stared liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow。
26. A lot of students take up law as theirprofession due to
[A] the growing demand from clients
[B] the increasing pressure of inflation
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[C] the prospect of working in big firms
[D] the attraction of financial rewards
27. which of the following adds to the costs oflegal education in most American states?
[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies
[B] Receiving training by professionalassociations
[C] Admissions approval from the bar association
[D] Pursuing a bachelors degree in another major
28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal systemoriginates from
[A] the rigid bodies governing the profession
[B] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance
[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers。
[D] non-professionals’ sharpcriticism
29. The guild-like ownership structure isconsidered ―restrictive‖partly because
[A] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits。
[B] bans outsiders’ involvement in theprofession。
[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade。
[D] keeps lawyers form lidding law-firm shares。
30. In the text ,the author mainly discusses。
[A] the factors that help make a successfullawyer in America。
[B] a problem in America’s legal profession ardsolutions to it。
[C] the role undergraduate studies in America’slegal education。
[D] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes。
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Text 3
The US$3 million Fundamental Physics isindeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he acceptedthis year’s award in March. And it is fair from the only one of this type. As aNew Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awardsfor research have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like theFundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephones-number-sized bankaccounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in theirchosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention tothose who have succeeded in science。
What’s not tolike? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the NewsFeature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstartentrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The newawards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fundpeer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius。
The goals of the prize-givers seem asscattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people intoscience, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research。
As Nature
has pointed out before, there ere some legitimate concerns about how scienceprize-both new and old –are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in LifeSciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the lifescience include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborativenature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row overwho is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobel were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who haddecided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention,has given them legitimacy。
As much assome science may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First,most researchers would accept such a prize of they were offered one. Second, itis surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather goelsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism- that is theculture of research, after all-but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with asthey please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace。
31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as
[A] a symbolof the entrepreneurs’ wealth。
[B] a handsomereward for researchers。
[C] a possiblereplacement of the Nobel Prizes。
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[D] an exampleof bankers’investments。
32. The critics think that the new awards will mostbenefit
[A] theprofit-oriented scientists。
[B] the achievement-based system。
[C] the founders of the new awards
[D] peer-review-led research。
33. The discovery of theHiggs boson is a typical case which involves
[A] legitimate concerns over the new prizes。
[B] controversies over the recipients's status。
[C] the joint effort of modern researchers。
[D] the demonstration of research finding。
34. According to Paragraph 4, which of thefollowing is true of the Nobels?
[A] History has never cast doubt on them。
[B] their endurance has done justice to them。
[C] They are the most representative honor。
[D] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute。
35. The author believes that the new awards are
[A] unworthy of public attention。
[B] subject to undesirable changes 。
[C] harmful to the culture of research。
[D] acceptable despite the criticism。
Text 4
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The Hear of the Matter,”the just –released report by the American Academy of Arts and sciences(AAAS)， deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities andsocial sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.Regrettably，however，the report’s failure toaddress the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause moreharm than good。
In 2010，leading congressionalDemocrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identifyactions that could be taken by “federal，state and local government，universities，foundations， educators，individual benefactor and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanitiesand social scientific scholarship and education。” In response, the American Academyformed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Science .Among thecommission’s51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges,and business executives as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking,music and journalism。
The goals identified in the report aregenerally admirable .Because representative government presupposes an informedcitizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history andgovernment, particularly American history and American government; andencourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation andcompetition, the report calls for increased investment in research, thecrafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problemsand communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachersand the encouragement of scholars to bring greater study of foreign languages, internationalaffairs and the expansion of study abroad programs。
Unfortunately, despite 2.5 years in themaking, "The Heart of theMatter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature ofliberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commissionignores that for several decades America's colleges and universitieshave produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberaleducation and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiryonce at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities andsocial sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," orleft-liberal propaganda。
Today, professors routinely treat theprogressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as theproper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberalideas-such as free markets and self-reliance-as falling outside the boundariesof routine, and something legitimate, intellectual investigation。
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm forliberal education . Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring thedepth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate。
36. According to Paragraph1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?
[A] Critical
[B] Appreciative
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[C] Contemptuous
[D]Tolerant
37. Influential figures in the congress requiredthat the AAAS report on how to
[A] define the government’s role in education
[B] safeguard individuals’ rights to education
[C] retain people’s interest in liberal education
[D] keep a leading position in liberal education
38. According to paragraph 3,the report suggests
[A] an exclusive study of American history。
[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects。
[C] the application of emerging technologies。
[D] funding for the study of foreign languages。
39. the author implies in paragraph 5 thatprofessors are
[A] supportive of free markets
[B] conservative about public policy。
[C] biased against classical liberal ideas。
[D] cautious about intellectual investigation。
40. which of the following would be the besttitle for the text?
[A] Ways to Grasp ―The Heart of the matter‖
[B] Illiberal Education and ―The Heart of theMatter‖
[C] The AAAS’s contribution to Liberal Education
[D] Progressive Policy vs Liberal Education
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Part B
Directions:
Thefollowing paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you arerequired to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing fromthe list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E havebeen correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Some archaeological siteshave always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece,the pyramids of Giza in Egypt and the megaliths of Stonehenge insouthern England.But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have beenlocated by means of careful searching, while many others have been discoveredby accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterflyhunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztecartifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s。
[B] In another case, Americanarchaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematicallymapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexiconear what is now Mexico City.At its peak around AD 600,this city was one of the largest human settlements inthe world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornateceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where commonpeople lived。
[C]How do archaeologists knowwhere to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on thesurface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavationson) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield usefulinformation. Surveys and test samples have also become important forunderstanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites
[D]Surveys can cover a singlelarge settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers workingaround the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, havelocated hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerialphotographs and by making surveys on foot. The revaluing settlement maps showhow the distribution and density of the rural population around the citychanged dramatically between AD500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.
[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily onsystematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools andtechniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar andphotographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft . allowarchaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, suchas ancient buildings or fields。
[F]Most archaeologicalsites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look forthem. Such searches can take years. British archaeologists Howard Carter knewthat the 凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！ 以学员的前途为已任，为学员提
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tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from informationfound in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922.In the late 1800s British archaeologists Sir Arthur Evans combed antiquedealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tinyengraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’ interpretations of these engravings eventually him tofind the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knossos)， on the island of Crete,in 1900.
[G]Ground surveys allowarchaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Mostground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such issmall fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging totest for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologistsalso may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly usecomputers to map site and the landscapes around sites. Two-andthree-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustratinghow sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research。
41→A→42→E→43→44→44→45
Section III Translation
Directions:
Read the following textcarefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Music means different thingsto different people and sometimes even different things to the same person atdifferent moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, ormathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do withthe soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means ofexpression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is preciselythis permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means thatis the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try todescribe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, andnot grasp music itself。
Beethoven’s importance inmusic has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of hiscompositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmonyand structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs ofcontinuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the lastpiano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weightof convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and acourageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding,let alone the performance, of his works。
This courageous attitude infact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. Hiscompositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use ofdynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intensecrescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him。
Beethoven was a deeplypolitical man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in dailypolitics, but concerned with questions of moral behaviour and the 凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！ 以学员的前途为已任，为学员提
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largerquestions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especiallysignificant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with therights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thoughtand of personal expression。
Beethoven’s music tends tomove from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. Forhim, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders thatplague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that maylead to the Greek ideal of catharsis. It is not by chance that the FuneralMarch is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so thatsuffering does not have the last word. (50) One could paraphrase much of thework of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage tofight it renders life worth living。
Section IV Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter of about100words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improvestudents physical condition 。
You should include thedetails on the you think necessary。
You should write neatly onthe ANSWER SHEET。
Do not sign your own name atthe end of the letter .Use “Li Ming”instead。
Do not write the address (10points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write anessay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should
1) describethe drawing briefly
2) explainits intended meaning, and
3) give yourcomments
You shouldwrite neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
关于凯程：
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凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯
凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里
信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿
使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构
激情：永不言弃，乐观向上
敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业
平衡：找到工作、生活、家庭的平衡点
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