2014 Human development report 2014 "to promote the continuous progress of
human: reduce the vulnerability,enhancing resilience" discusses two complementary concepts, to safeguard their human development progress is essential.
Since the United Nations Development Programme, the first of the global "human development report" was published in 1990, most of the countries in the human development level significant progress. This report shows,very optimistic about the overall development trend of the world, the future will also be on the
upgrade. However,disaster and crisis caused by nature and human factors are
devouring our life and become a stumbling block toinfluence human life and development of the.
These setbacks are not can hardly be avoided. Although each country in front of the risk will be vulnerable side,but some countries have to grasp the nettle, effectively avoid and resist the risk, and can quickly recover from theshock.
As a global oriented readers of publications, the report aims to explore one of the mysteries, and for the first timefrom the perspective of human development
of vulnerability and resilience. Many current on human vulnerabilitystudies have focused on specific risk to people in specific areas of the bear. While the 2014 human
development report is to adopt a more comprehensive and different research
methods. The report first consider the risk factorsin the process of human
development, then discusses how to strengthen the resilience to resist the risk ofchanging.
In today's world is more closely linked to the case, this research method is particularly important. Globalization hasbrought us many benefits, but it also caused the attention with new, sometimes because of local events and soontriggered a global response. To get people to reduce vulnerability and create a better future, means to strengthen the social and national internal coping ability. The report came out to lay a solid foundation. The 2014 human development report, adhering to the "people-
oriented" concept, which complement each otherand human development mode. The report particularly concern between countries and within countries, the existence of disparity, and those due to personal experience or suffering from social
inequalities and people than other people more vulnerable as a
"structural vulnerability" crowd. This vulnerability formation lasted long, and is closely related to gender, race, kinship and geographical location and other factors, and once formed, will continue for a long time. Many vulnerable groups will face
constraints complex in dealing with failures often. For example,the economic
constraints of minority ethnic group or disabled women in life will face multiple
barriers, andsuperimposed on each other among these barriers will make the already in one disaster after anotherdisadvantage situation.
The 2014 human development report will use the "life cycle method" to explore how to change its vulnerability in life. Unlike the static model, the analysis method
of thought, humanity will face different risks in different stages ofchildren, teenagers and the old life, need to take different coping styles. Some crucial step in life: for
example,after the baby was born 1000 days before, graduates from the campus into the workplace, and leave the workplace reaching retirement. In the face of these key life stage will be especially difficult to overcome setbacks,and may have a profound impact.
The report is based on deep analysis on the existing basis, to provide some valuable suggestions to help the global community, eliminate the vulnerability, enhance
the resistance ability to resist human development, facingthe future shock. The report calls for people from all walks of life to pay attention to basic social services, with particular attention to the health and education sectors; to provide a strong social security (including the implementation of unemployment insurance
and pensions); performing full employment commitment, and recognizing
that employment creation value is much higher than the obtained income. In addition, the report alsoexamines the fair and effective system and social cohesion of the importance of the construction of social aspects of the ability to resist and reduce
potential conflict with.
The report points out, in efforts to reduce vulnerability inherent, more
effective policy cannot eradicate the emergence of the crisis and
possible damage. Therefore, to cultivate the ability of critical social disasterpreparedness and recovery after a disaster, because the society to better respond to the crisis that the only way to walk out of the crisis, and smooth the haze. From a global perspective, in view of multinational cross-border riskin urgent need of international collective action, the report called on to perform global commitment to improve
international governance. These suggestions are very necessary and timely. As a
member of the United Nations isready to hold talks in 2015 after the global development agenda and to establish a sustainable development goal,so the
evidence and perspective of human development are of great value to the collection and analysis of thereport. For example, the elimination of poverty will become the core
objectives of the new agenda, however, as the report said, if the people due to structural factors and the vulnerability of the protracted and face the risk of falling back into
poverty, then the process of human development is in danger. Therefore, the elimination of poverty not only to "the poverty index dropped to zero", will always remain.
If you want to achieve the United Nations Development Programme vision --
namely, poverty eradication while significantly reducing social
inequalities and exclusion in helping countries, and promote sustainable human development, which requires people to understand the concept of vulnerability and resilience. Only until thevulnerability and the problems have been solved, and
all people to have equal opportunity to share the fruits ofhuman progress, the
development of human beings would be equitable and sustainable.
The report aims to help decision makers and relevant authorities through the
development of reducing vulnerabilityand enhance the resilience of the policy, keep the achievements in the development of. I suggest that all the human desire for
the realization of sustainable development, especially those who are eager to help the world's most vulnerable people to spare some time to read the report, and benefit from it.
中文: 20xx年人类发展报告《促进人类持续进步:降低脆弱性,增强抗逆力》探讨了两个相辅相成的概念,它们对保障人类发展进步至关重要。
自联合国开发计划署的第一本全球《人类发展报告》于19xx年问世以来,大多数国家的人类发展水平进步显著。今年的报告显示,全球总体发展趋势十分乐观,未来还将蒸蒸日上。然而,大自然和人为因素造成的灾害与危机正在吞噬着我们的生命并成为影响人类生活与发展的绊脚石。
这些挫折并非在所难免。虽然每个国家在风险面前都会有脆弱的一面,但有些国家却能迎难而上,有效规避和抵御风险,并能迅速从冲击中恢复元气。
作为一本面向全球读者的出版物,该报告旨在探寻其中的奥秘,并且第一次从人类发展的角度探讨脆弱性和抗逆力。当前许多关于人类脆弱性的研究都侧重于人们在特定领域所承受的特定风险。而20xx年人类发展报告则采用一种更加全面且截然不同的研究方法。该报告首先考虑人类发展进程中的风险因素,然后探讨如何加强抗逆力来抵御不断变化的风险。
对于联系日益紧密的当今世界而言,这种研究方法尤为重要。全球化虽然为我们带来了许多裨益,但它也引起新的关注,有时甚至因局部事件而很快引发全球反应。要让人民减低脆弱性而创造更好的未来,就意味着要加强社会及国家的内在应对能力。该报告的问世为此奠定了坚实的基础。
20xx年人类发展报告秉承以人为本的理念,这与人类发展模式相辅相成。该报告尤为关注国家之间以及国家内部存在的悬殊差距,并将那些因个人经历或遭受社会不平等待遇
而比其他人更加脆弱的人们列为“结构性脆弱”人群。这种脆弱性的形成历时漫长,与性别、种族、血缘和地理位置等因素息息相关,且一旦形成会持续很长时间。许多弱势人群在应对挫折时常常会面临纷繁复杂的制约。例如,经济拮据的少数民族人群或身患残疾的女性在生活中会面临多重障碍,而这些障碍之间的相互叠加会使本已处于劣势的状况雪上加霜。
20xx年人类发展报告将采用“生命周期方法”探讨如何在人生中改变其脆弱性。与静态模式不同,这种分析方法认为,人类在儿童、青少年及老年等人生不同阶段会面临不同的风险,需要采取不同的应对方式。人生的某些阶段至关重要:例如,婴儿出生后的前1000天、毕业生从校园步入职场、以及离开职场迈入退休阶段。在这些人生关键阶段面临的挫折将尤其难以克服,并可能产生深远影响。
该报告基于对现有依据的深入分析,提供了若干宝贵建议,旨在帮助全球社会消除脆弱性,增强抗逆能力,以抵御未来人类发展面临的冲击。该报告呼吁各界人士重视基本的社会服务,尤其要重视医疗与教育行业;提供强有力的社会保障(包括落实失业保险和养老金);履行充分就业的承诺,并认识到就业创造的价值要远远高于其获得的收入。此外,该报告还审视了公平有效的制度以及社会凝聚力对构建社会层面的抵御能力和减少潜在冲突爆发所具有的重要性。
报告指出,在努力减小固有的脆弱性方面,再有效的政策也无法彻底根除危机的出现及其可能造成的破坏。因此,培养社会的灾难防备和灾后恢复能力至关重要,因为只有这样才能使社会更好地应对危机,并顺利走出危机的阴霾。从全球层面而言,鉴于跨国跨境风险急切需要国际集体行动,因此该报告呼吁履行全球承诺,改善国际治理。这些建议十分必要和及时。由于联合国成员国正准备举行20xx年以后全球发展议程谈判和制定一套可持续发展目标,因此该报告收集和分析的证据及人类发展视角都极具价值。例如,消除贫困将成为本次新议程的核心目标,然而,正如该报告所述,如果人们因结构性因素和旷日持久的脆弱性而面临重新陷入贫困的风险,那么人类发展的进程也将岌岌可危。因此,消除贫困不仅要“将贫困指数降至零”,还要一直保持下去。
如果要实现联合国开发计划署的愿景——即在帮助各国消除贫困的同时显著减少社会中的不平等和排斥现象,并促进人类可持续发展,这就需要人们深入理解脆弱性和抗逆力的概念。只有并且直到脆弱性问题得到了有效的解决,而且所有人能有平等的机会分享人类进步的成果,人类的发展才将是公平和可持续的。
该报告旨在帮助决策者和相关当局通过制定降低脆弱性和增强抗逆力的政策,保住发展取得的成果。我建议所有渴望人类实现可持续发展、特别是那些渴望帮助世界上最脆弱群体的人们能够抽出时间阅读该报告,并从中获益。