Speech at University of Washington Special Convocation to Confer Honorary Degree of
Doctor of Laws
"Rights, responsibilities and renewed multilateralism"
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
Seattle, 26 October 2009
联合国秘书长潘基文在华盛顿大学荣誉法学博士学位颁发仪式上发表讲话
“权利、义务和新多边主义”
20xx年10月26日，西雅图
Dr. Mark Emmert, President of the University of Washington,
Hon. Mr. Gates Senior,
Hon. Governor of the State of Washington, Chris Gregoire,
Distinguished faculty members, staff and dear students,
Distinguished guests,
Ladies and gentlemen,
尊敬的华盛顿大学校长马克·艾莫特博士，
尊敬的盖茨先生，
尊敬的华盛顿州州长克里斯汀·格雷戈勒女士，
尊敬的华盛顿大学教职员工，亲爱的同学们，
尊敬的来宾，
女士们，先生们：
A great Seattle philosopher once said: Knowledge speaks, but wisdom listens. The 'philosopher' was none other than Jimi Hendrix. I may be the first sitting UN Secretary-General to give a public address in Seattle. But, I am certainly the first to quote Hendrix.
一位伟大的西雅图哲学家曾经说过：“知识开口，智慧倾听”。这位“哲学家”不是旁人，他就是吉米·亨德里克斯。可能我是第一位在西雅图发表公开演讲的在职联合国秘书长。但是，我绝对是第一位引述亨德里克斯话的在职联合国秘书长。
You know, I just had a grilling session by the student body. Fifty of your fellow students just quizzed me on the State of the World. I felt like a PhD student defending my thesis. ou may call this an honorary doctorate degree. But I think I just earned it.
当然，刚才学生会的同学轮番向我提问。五十名同学向我提出了关于世界局势的问题。我感觉自己像在参加论文答辩的博士生。可能你们将此称之为荣誉博士学位，但在我想我是通过刚才的答辩获得的此项殊荣。
Ladies and Gentlemen,
女士们，先生们！
I am not sure whether this is appropriate in this very solemn ceremony to say a few words of my personal reflection. People say that good things come to those who wait. And, I know that is true. I will tell you why.
我不知道在这样庄严的场合稍微谈一下我的个人经历是否合适。人们都说好事多磨。的确如此，现在我就来说一说为什么好事多磨。
Almost 40 years ago, when President Nixon of the United States had established a diplomatic relationship with the People’s Republic of China, there was a high expectation in the United States about how to improve their relationship with the People Republic of China, and they might have wanted to have some perspectives of an Asian person.
大约四十年前，尼克松总统在职期间，美国与中华人民共和国正式建交。当时，美国政府
迫切期待加强美中关系，或许也想了解一下亚洲人。
I was a very junior, young Foreign Ministry official at that time, and I learned that one of the most prestigious universities in the United States was sponsoring a full-ride scholarship for a student from my part of the world for China studies. It was the University of Washington. And I leapt at the chance. So I studied, and worked hard, and I took extra exams, I put everything into it. 当时，我只是韩国外交部里一个级别较低的年轻官员。我知道美国的知名高校中有一所大学为来自亚洲学习中国研究的学生提供全额奖学金。这所大学就是华盛顿大学。于是，为抓住这个机会，我刻苦学习，努力工作，参加额外考试，为此我倾注了所有。
And, one day, a letter arrived. I was selected for an interview. I was so excited. I was invited to come to a certain place called the Royal Hotel in Seoul. I was sure that I would get it. When I went to the Royal Hotel I was surprised to find just a dozen of Korean citizens, professors, government officials, who were waiting for an interview by a professor who was dispatched from the University of Washington. At that time I realized that it was not just only from Korea, they were selecting one person, one future scholar in all of Asia. Maybe in my part of Asia.
一天，我收到了一封来信，要我去面试，于是我兴奋不已。信上叫我去首尔的一个名叫皇家酒店的地方接受面试。我以为我一定行，但当我到了那里才发现十多位韩国人在那里等待面试，他们有的是大学教授，有的是政府公务员。华盛顿大学的一名教授负责给我们面试。我这才意识到，奖学金不是给唯一一名来自韩国的学生，而是唯一一名来自亚洲的学生。或许是东亚。
What could I do? I went through with the exam, with the interview. And fortunately I came out outstanding. I was selected as the candidate from Korea. One day, another letter came from the University of Washington. They told me that it was good news. But I was only the first runner-up.
They said if their first choice could not accept, then I would be selected. They told me to wait. And I waited, and waited! Forty years.
我能做什么呢？我通过了笔试和面试。幸运的是由于表现突出，我成为了代表韩国的候选人。有一天，我又接到了一封华盛顿大学的来信，信中说那是个好消息。但实际上，我只是名列第一的第二名。校方表示如果第一名候选人拒绝奖学金的话，他们会选择我，并让我耐心等待。于是，我等啊！等啊！一等就是四十年。
And here I am, and I thank you very much. I am proud to call myself a Husky. My voice has become husky! Thank you very much for welcoming me into your very distinguished, prestigious family.
站在这里，我想说非常感谢！我很自豪地称自己为哈士奇。现在我的嗓音也沙哑了。对你们这所杰出的著名学府给予我的热烈欢迎，我表示诚挚的感谢。
I accept this Honorary Doctorate not for myself, but for the organization I serve the United Nations. By honoring me you are recognizing the central role of the United Nations in shaping our world. As I look on this sea of faces，many young, some older and more seasoned, I see the faces of the world, a United Nations of sorts. America's great strength is that its citizens trace their heritage to all corners of the world.
我不仅为我个人也为我所服务的联合国接受这个荣誉博士学位。这个学位的颁发表明了你们认可联合国在改变世界的过程中发挥的核心作用。看着这么多的面孔，这么多年轻的面孔，有的年长些，有的成熟些，我也看到了世界各国人民的面孔，因为在座的各位就像一个联合国。美国公民来自世界各地，这种多元化就是美国的强大优势所在。
Our stories are diverse but we hold our dreams in common. The United Nations, too, is built on a common dream. A pledge to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, to reaffirm
faith in fundamental human rights, to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. This is the pledge of the United Nations Charter.
我们的经历虽各不相同，但是我们拥有共同的梦想。联合国也是基于一个共同的梦想而建立的，那就是承诺保护世代人民免受战争之苦，重申基本人权之信念，在实现人们更广泛的自由同时，促进社会发展，提高人们生活水平。这是《联合国宪章》所做出的承诺。
Ladies and gentlemen,
女士们，先生们！
I would like to talk today about what the United Nations does and how it is growing more relevant in our fast-changing world. Since the United Nations Charter was signed, the Cold War has come and gone. Development has lifted hundreds of millions of people from poverty. Technological advances have connected and empowered people the world over.
今天我想谈一谈联合国的使命以及它在瞬息变化的世界中日益加强的重要性。自《联合国宪章》签署以来，冷战在风卷云起之后也已偃旗息鼓。发展使数亿人摆脱了贫困，技术进步使世界各地的人们相互联系并拥有了新的能力。
Over the same period, global population has tripled. The number of hungry people now tops one billion. Environmental resources are under increasing pressure. Human activities are changing the global climate. Poverty and human rights abuses feed instability in too many countries. All are issues for the United Nations. That is what I am dealing with.
与此同时，全球人口也增长了三倍。现在，饥饿人口的数量已经超过十亿人，环境资源面临的压力与日俱增，人类活动正影响着全球气候。在许多国家，贫困和侵犯人权滋生了不稳定。解决这些问题是联合国的使命所在，也是我的日常工作内容。
Since 1945, the United Nations has helped to negotiate more than 170 peace agreements. We have helped establish more than 500 multinational treaties on everything from the environment, trade and international crime to the norms that govern our seas, skies and outer space. With UN help, more than 80 countries achieved their independence and sit now among the family of nations as sovereign states.
自19xx年以来，在联合国的协助下，有关各方就170多个和平协议进行了谈判，签署了500多个多边条约，涉及环境、贸易、国际犯罪以及海洋、天空和太空管理规则等方面。在联合国的帮助下，八十多个国家实现了独立，并作为主权国家成为了联合国大家庭中的一员。
Today, people look to the United Nations across a broad agenda of aspiration and need. They look to us to defeat poverty and hunger. They look to us to keep the peace, to expand education and to stand up for human rights in every corner of the globe. They look to us to stop the spread of deadly weapons and disease, and to protect people and families hit by disasters.
今天，人们期待着联合国在广泛的议题上发挥作用，实现人们的愿望，满足人们的需要。他们期待着联合国抗击贫困和饥饿，期待着联合国维护和平，扩大教育机会，支持世界每一个角落的人权，期待着联合国控制杀伤性武器扩散，遏制疾病传播，保护受灾灾民。
We deliver more humanitarian aid than anyone, any country and to the toughest places. Every day we feed 100 million people. Every day we help more than 30 million refugees, most of them women and children fleeing war and persecution. We are deploying more peacekeepers than ever, more than 115,000 to save lives and protect the vulnerable.
联合国向局势最糟糕的地方提供的人道主义救援超过了任何一个国家，每天我们为一亿人提供食品，为三千万名难民提供生活所需，这些难民中大部分是逃离战火和迫害的妇女和儿童。目前，联合国维和人员的数量已达到前所未有的水平，为十一万五千多人，他们的职责是挽救生命，保护脆弱群体。
And in the last year alone, we provided electoral assistance to almost 50 countries. Countries such as Afghanistan where we have helped to give a voice to a war-torn population, where we have helped Afghanistan's Electoral Institutions to expose and correct fraud where it has occurred, where we have moved swiftly to support a presidential run-off that can produce a legitimate and credible partner for the international community. Together, we are working to stabilize Afghanistan for the benefit of its people, the region, and the world.
仅在去年，联合国帮助近五十个国家举行了大选。在阿富汗等国家，我们帮助赋予饱受战争之苦的人们以话语权，帮助阿富汗选举委员会公开和纠正舞弊行为，迅速行动支持总统大选决选，以选举出国际社会合法可信的合作伙伴。我们正齐心合力现实阿富汗的稳定，这符合阿富汗人民、地区以及世界的利益。
This is, ladies and gentlemen, your United Nations. In the past year, the entire United Nations has mobilized to face the global economic crisis. No one has been immune. Here in Seattle foreclosures are still on the rise. Around the world, people face a precarious future. Many of the near poor are becoming the new poor. One hundred million more people could fall below the poverty line this year.
女士们，先生们！这是你们的联合国。去年，联合国各成员国齐动员，共同应对全球经济危机。危机面前谁都无法独善其身。在西雅图，越来越多人丧失住房赎回权。对于全世界的人们来说，未来变化莫测。许多人从近贫陷入贫困，预计今年可能有一亿多人的生活会降到贫困线以下。
Markets may be bouncing back, but incomes and jobs are not. I have repeatedly emphasized to world leaders that they must not leave the poor behind. This crisis is just one of many hitting us at one time. Volatility in prices for energy, food insecurity, the flu pandemic, the global recession,
and climate change.
也许，市场正在复苏，但是收入状况和就业形式却不见起色。我反复向世界领导人强调不能弃穷人而不管。能源价格波动、粮食不安全、流感蔓延、全球衰退、气候变化，在危机重重的形势下，经济危机只是其中之一。
All demonstrate how closely our fates are interlinked. Such challenges demand full and better collaboration, all nations working together for common solutions. They demand a renewed multilateralism, rooted in rights and responsibilities and the principles of the United Nations Charter, they demand stronger global solidarity that delivers resources and political will. And, they demand an effective United Nations.
所有这些意味着我们的命运紧密交织着。面对挑战各国必须全面加强合作，共同寻找对策。这就要求我们要重塑根植于权力、义务以及《联合国宪章》原则中倡导的多边主义，要更加团结一心，为应对挑战提供资源，表达政治意愿，要确保一个高效的联合国。
The United Nations is central to the renewed multilateralism. I welcome President Obama's vigorous engagement. In his address to the United Nations General Assembly last month, President Obama told his fellow leaders, and I quote: the United States stands ready to begin a new chapter of international cooperation, one that recognizes the rights and responsibilities of all nations.
在新多边主义中，联合国发挥着核心作用。奥巴马总统已经表示要积极参与其中，对此我表示欢迎。上个月在联大会议上，奥巴马总统告诉各国领导人：“美国已准备好开启国际合作的新篇章，这种合作认可所有国家的权利和义务。
A major test of the new cooperation is just around the corner. In just six weeks, national negotiators will meet at the Copenhagen climate change conference. Rights and responsibilities
are at the core of the negotiation. Solutions will not come easily. The issues are so complex. They affect national economies and individual lifestyles. They involve political trade-offs and a significant commitment of resources.
然而，这种新合作即将迎来一场巨大的考验。六个星期后，各国谈判官员将齐聚哥本哈根参加在那里举行的气候变化会议。届时，权利与义务将是谈判的核心。就应对气候变化的对策达成共识绝非易事，因为问题复杂，事关各国经济发展和人们的生活方式。达成协议需要做出政治让步也需要一些国家做出重要承诺，提供应对气候变化所需的资源。
Yet, all the ingredients for a successful deal are on the table. Copenhagen does not need to resolve all the details, but countries must agree to a deal that establishes an ambitious framework for progress on fundamental issues. It must involve all countries, consistent with their capabilities, working toward common and long-term goals.
然而，协议成功的要素是显而易见的。哥本哈根会议无需面面俱到，但各国必须达成协议，建立解决基本问题的宏伟框架，由所有国家共同参与，各尽其能，携手共进，实现共同的长远目标。
Those goals must include reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global temperature rise to a scientifically safe level. They must include mid-term targets for emissions reductions by developed countries and actions by developing countries to limit the growth of their emissions, as well as funding for these. These are their responsibilities.
这些目标必须涵盖温室气体减排，将全球气温上升控制在科学安全的范围内。必须涵盖发达国家的中期减排目标，发展中国家限制温室气体排放的措施以及相关资金支持问题。这是发达国家和发展中国家的义务
I would like to thank you here for how the University of Washington is living up to its
responsibility by committing to work towards climate neutrality. I thank Honorable Governor Gregoire for her leadership and courage to participate in the Copenhagen conference. I need such leadership.
华盛顿大学通过致力于气候中和来履行其义务，对此我表示感谢。感谢格雷戈勒州长在决定参加哥本哈根会议中展现出的领导力和勇气。我需要这样的表率精神。
Every one of you can play a role. Each and every one has a role to play. It's not only government leadership. It’s not only governments and mayors. The business community leaders, family members and students and professors, you all have a role to play. Just by simply changing your lifestyle, at your family, at your company and at your school, you can contribute in reducing green-gas emissions.
在座的每个人都可以人尽其能，同时人人有责。应对气候变化，不仅仅需要政府的领导，不仅需要政府和市长的领导。工商界领导人、家庭成员、学生、教授，人人有责。仅通过简单改变一下家里、公司、学校的生活工作方式，每个人都可以为减排尽一份力。
This is exactly why I am standing here, thanking you for your commitment but also encouraging you further to do more. Rights and responsibilities are central, too, to ridding the world of nuclear weapons. In 1946, the United Nations General Assembly adopted its first resolution which set the goal of eliminating such weapons. After many years, the issue is back where it belongs: at the top of the global agenda.
这就是为什么今天我站在这里，不仅感谢你们所做的努力，也希望你们再接再厉。权利和义务对于控制核武器来说也至关重要。19xx年，联大通过第一项决议，设立了消除核武器的目标。多年后，消除核武器再次回归其应有的地位，全球议事日程的首位。
The Presidents of United States and the Russian Federation have begun their negotiations to have
a parallel measure, a parallel agreement to the START treaty. This is a golden opportunity.
But let us also remember: Ultimately, peace and security lies in the words I quoted from the United Nations Charter, again I quote, social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.
美国和俄罗斯总统已经开启谈判，就《削减和限制进攻性战略武器条约》（START）达成一项平行协议，这是一个良机。但我们要铭记于心的是，和平和安全归根结底源于《联合国宪章》所提倡的在实现人们更广泛的自由同时，促进社会发展，提高人们生活水平。
Hunger and poverty, inadequate shelter and sanitation, gross inequality and disrespect for human rights, they create political instability, civil unrest and failed states. We have seen progress toward the Millennium Development Goals, but not enough, especially in Africa. Next September, world leaders will hold a special summit, a final push to reach the goals by the year of 2015.
饥饿、贫困、庇护所和卫生条件缺乏、严重不平等、蔑视人权都会造成政治动荡、社会动乱、失败国家。我们看到实现千年发展目标的努力已经取得进展，但这远远不够，尤其是在非洲。明年九月，世界领导人将举行特别峰会，为在20xx年前实现千年发展目标做最后动员。
The goal, in which we lag farthest behind, the slowest moving goal, is maternal health. Every single minute, a woman dies of complications during pregnancy and childbirth. That is unacceptable.
千年发展目标中进展最迟缓的目标是妇女保健。每分钟都有一名妇女因在孕期和生产期引发的并发症而死亡，这是不能接受的事实。
It is unacceptable that two hundred million women lack access to safe and effective contraception, that women are routinely victims of sexual violence, that girls are married off as child brides, that
women are murdered for so-called ‘honor’, that genital mutilation and other harmful 'traditions' still exist in the world.
同样令人不能接受的是两亿名妇女无法获得安全有效的避孕措施，妇女常常是性暴力的受害者，女童出嫁成为儿童新娘，妇女因所谓的“名誉”被杀，世界上依然存在女性生殖器切割以及其他伤害性“传统”。
Whenever and wherever women and girls are denied the same rights and opportunities as men and boys, the United Nations must heed the call to action.
无论何时何地只要妇女和女童无法获得与男人和男孩同等的权利和机会，联合国必须做出应对。
Ladies and gentlemen,
女士们，先生们！
These are the issues that fill my days. These are the issues that I bring to the table with world leaders. They are my passion.
这些事务排满了我的工作日程，也是我向世界领导人提出进行讨论的问题，也是我的激情所在。
When President Roosevelt helped found the United Nations, he envisioned the role of Secretary-General as a world moderator. Each day I seek to live up to this standard. I speak up for the principles of the United Nations Charter. I give voice to the voiceless. I defend the defenseless. Wherever I go in the world, whenever I speak to world leaders, I remind them of their solemn pledge under the United Nations Charter. I hold up the mirror of accountability, the banner of justice. I speak of rights and responsibilities.
当罗斯福总统协助建立联合国时，他曾展望未来称联合国秘书长的职能是世界调解人。每天我都为达到这个标准而努力，倡导《联合国宪章》的原则，赋予无话语权者以话语权，为无代言者辩护。无论我走到世界何地，无论何时我与世界领导人谈话，我都会提醒他们谨记他们对《联合国宪章》作出的庄严承诺。我高举问责之镜，公正旗帜，倡导权利和义务。
Distinguished Faculty Members,
Ladies and gentlemen,
尊敬的老师们，
女士们，先生们！
This morning, I met with Bill and Melinda Gates. They understand rights and responsibilities. They are using their wealth to make the world a better place. They are working to roll back AIDS, Tuberculosis and malaria, to improve food security, to empower women. They are working in the spirit of renewed multilateralism.
今天上午我会见了盖茨夫妇。他们深知什么是权利和义务，并用他们的财富在缔造一个更美好的世界。盖茨夫妇致力于遏制艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾的传播，加强粮食安全，为女性赋权。他们秉持的是新多边主义精神。
Multilateralism is not just about governments. It is about all of you. You and me, businesses and civil society organizations all round the world. We all have a stake in our common future. I speak especially to the young people, the students, in the room. I appeal to your energy, your optimism, your sense of justice and innate hope.
多边主义不仅局限于政府，它涉及你们所有人，你和我以及全世界的企业和民间团体。我们拥有共同的未来关系着我们每一个人。年轻人尤其是在座的同学们，我希望你们积极、
乐观、正义、不放弃希望。
When I was a young man, growing up in post-war Korea, everything around me was in ruin, in poverty. We went hungry. Our homes and cities were destroyed. We had lost so many of our friends and families. Then came the United Nations. The United Nations helped us rebuild. It was our beacon of hope.
我年轻的时候正值战后，当时的韩国到处是废墟和贫困。我们忍饥挨饿，住房和城市都遭到了毁坏。我们失去了许多亲朋好友。随后联合国伸出了援助之手，帮助韩国重建。那时，联合国就是我们的希望灯塔。
Still today, to many people in the developing countries, the United Nations is their beacon of hope. That is why I stand with you today. I dreamed, one day, of working for the United Nations. I dreamed of making the world a better place, just as the UN did for me and my country.
直到今日，对于许多发展中国家的人民来说，联合国仍是他们的希望灯塔。这就是为什么今天我来到这里与你们见面。我曾梦想着有一天能为联合国效力，曾梦想着缔造一个更加美好的世界，正如联合国曾为我和我的祖国所做的那样。
Now it is your turn. And it is my turn too. Together, we must unite and work for a better world. A world where human rights are cherished and protected. A world where children do not go hungry.
A world where girls and boys go to school and live healthy and prosperous lives.
现在，轮到了你们，还有我。让我们共同携手，万众一心，为建立一个更加美好的世界而奋斗，到那时人权得到珍视和保护，孩子们不再忍饥挨饿，女孩和男孩一样拥有受教育的机会，健康成长，生活富足。
These are the dreams of the United Nations. These are the rights of humankind. Let us all accept
our responsibility to help every man, woman and child on Earth. Let us all help to make these dreams become reality.
这是联合国的梦想，是全人类的梦想。让我们肩负起责任来帮助世界上每一男人、女人和儿童。让我们为实现这些梦想而贡献自己的力量。
Thank you very much for this honor.
谢谢！