翻译心得

通过一学期对笔译的学习，我对笔译的基本原则有了初步的了解。对笔译工作者也有了新的认识，它并不像人们平日所想的那般简单。好的笔译工作者，不但要有夯实的英语功底，还有通顺自然的语言表达能力，以及丰厚的知识底蕴。这篇期末的文章终于翻译完了，通过这篇文章的翻译我发现了自己的诸多问题。总的来说，我觉得自己似乎并不太适合学笔译，首先作为理科生的我有一个致命的弱点就是语言表达能力和组织能力太差。同样一句话自己译出来的和别人的相比总觉得不如。其次，自己的理解能力也十分欠缺。每次老师讲作业时才恍然大悟：原来这句话是这个意思。这就是这学期我所发现的自己存在的问题。在以后的学习中我一定会付出更多的努力来提高自己的能力。

对这篇文章的翻译，我觉得是对我平日所学的一个极好的考察。老师在课堂所讲的内容以及连淑能《英汉对比研究》中的理论都对我翻译这篇文章起了很大的帮助。下面就个别句子我谈谈自己的理解和处理。

英文原文中开篇有这样一段话：In the avalanche of moody, broody online clips heralding the release of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1, there’s a segment more overtly melancholy than the rest.先说有许多阴郁的网上电影片断，后面现在分词做后置定语：“预告着《哈利波特与死亡圣器》的公演??”。这样翻出来的句子表达不通顺，生硬死板。所以我把后置定语整个提到了句子的开头，翻译成“在《哈利波特与死亡圣器》那大量充斥着阴郁压抑气氛的网上预告片段中??”。这样句子便显得更加通顺自然。

英文原稿中也出现了许多较长的句子，如若一层层的翻译出来，就会显得十分冗长啰嗦，不够精炼，而中文讲究小句，散句，讲究意思凝练，所以可以将一个长句打散成短句来逐层翻译，比如：What is it that keeps global audiences coming back to these big-budget movies even when they feel like increasingly rote ritual reenactments of much better books?这个疑问句中还套有一个定语从句when???因此翻译出来容易繁琐，所以可以打散处理：“人们会发现好多好的书籍都会被原封不动地搬上银幕，但究竟又是什么使得人们花大价钱重新进入电影院观看这些他们所熟悉的故事？”

在这篇文章的翻译中，偶尔会碰到句型重复的用法，比如这一句：which without Harry as a charismatic resistance leader would succumb to the fascist, racial-purity-obsessed madness of Lord Voldemort.这一句中，fascist, racial-purity-obsessed madness 这一对伏地魔性格描写界定的定语翻译出来会很长，并列的成分过多，显得头重脚轻，所以可以采用重复的形式，即“如果没有哈利这个具有超能力的抵御领袖，魔法界将无法抵御伏地魔的专横残暴，无法抵御他痴迷于“种族纯度”的疯狂之举。”用两个“无法抵御”可以将原本较长的句子，较多的并列形容词变得更为凝练，并形成汉语中

的排比句式，显得更有语势。

笔译的学习仍然道路崎岖，需要我付出百倍的努力才能到达彼岸。我愿不畏一切艰难险阻，勇敢向前。有朝一日，才能真正成为一名合格的笔译员。感谢老师的辛勤耕耘。

第二篇：翻译总结

翻译总结

一、定语从句

   1、前置法：当限定性定语从句较为简短时，把此从句翻译成“……的”的定语词组，放在修饰词之前。

2003 61 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.

而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

2006 50They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。

   2、单独成句：当限定性定语从句很长或者是非限定性定语从句时，从句可以单独成句，此时可以重复先行词或翻译成“他们”。

2006 47 His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。

2003 64Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”

泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。

注：1）下划线的定语部分修饰的是整个的belief,art……and habits,因为这些名词是并列的。2）标点符号的形式可以保留。

2004 61 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。

注：which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰的是前边整个句子，翻译成“这个想法”“这一观点”等等。

二、插入语的翻译

翻译原则：前置，修饰谁就放在谁前边。

2003 65Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.

因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

注：宾语过长时要宾语后置，这句话的正确语序是makes immense amounts of concrete research and understanding possible。

2006 46 I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.

我将他定义为一个个体。他把对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考的行为作为自己人生首要责任和快乐。

注：1）him为句外指代，应找出来翻译出来。Him指代intellectual知识分子。

2）此句为宾语后置，正确语序为who has elected the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems as his primary duty and pleasure in life。

三、被动句

   1、主宾颠倒：如果主语宾语的被动关系非常明显，可以主变宾，宾变主。

1997 73 It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.

这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端, 它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅, 要么完全冷漠无情。

   2、直接翻译成主动句：主宾的被动关系不明显时

2000 73 Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.

大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

注：while的不同翻译1）while+doing 翻译成“当……时”2）while不加doing时，①while先加从句，再主句，表示让步，翻译成“尽管，虽然”②先主句，再while加从句表示因果，转折，翻译成“因此，然而”。此句中翻译成因此。

And的不同翻译：1）连接两个名词时翻译成“和”2）连接两个句子或者动词时，翻译成“而且”。

2000 74 in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.

在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程---伴随着随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革---持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

注：翻译是破折号保留，一般不要改变句子的结构。

3、用汉语的被动结构来翻译：“受到”“得到”“加以”“为……所”“得以”

四、as的用法

  1、作为介词：意为“当做”，后边加名词

  2、作为连词：意为“像……一样”“当……得时候”“因为”，后边加句子。

  3、作为副词：意为“同……一样”，as……as……

      As well as 和，也，又        as for=as to=about关于

      Not so much A as B与其说是A，不如说是B

1999 71 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

五、比较结构

  1、rather than 而不是（肯前否后）

1997 75 When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

这种反应并不错, 这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用, 这种本能应得到鼓励, 而不应遭到嘲弄。

注：注意被动部分的翻译。

   2、more than:加数词，表示“多于……以上”；加名词或动词，表示“不仅仅、不只是”；加形容词、副词、分词，表示“及其、非常”，eg.my teacher is more than strict with me.

   3、no more……than……=not……any more than和……一样都不……

Eg. A home without love is no more a home than a man without soul is a man.(后半句实为否定含义)

   A whale is not a fish any more than LiMing is a girl.(后半句实为否定)

   4、no more than最多  no less than至少

   5、less A than B主要是A，其次是B

1999 72Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.

人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。

注：翻译不通时可以加点东西，例如historical methods翻译成历史研究方法。要看出本句的结构less through……and more from……

  6、anything but根本不，绝不    nothing but 只不过是，仅仅

     Eg. The hotel is anything but cheap.不便宜。

        Nothing but a miracle can save her life.只有奇迹能救活她。

     all but 几乎=almost

     eg. The party was all but over when we arrived there.

     But for 要不是

     Eg. But for her help, I would not have succeeded.

六、倒装结构

1、only+状语/状语从句，主句倒装

2、具有否定意思的词放句首

3、so/such……that强调so/such与that之间的东西

2005 46Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。

注：never/not so……as是as……as……的否定

七、形式主语

1、固定搭配：

1）it must be said without feat of exaggeration that毫不夸张的说

2005 50In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”

在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。”

2）it is adj for sb to do sth

2007 49In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.

事实上，很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

2、it+be+adj+that翻译成：adj的是，that从句。或者that 从句，这是adj 的。

2000 72Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

八、状语结构

2003 62Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavorsin the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

注：下划线部分修饰的是humans and their endeavors整体；注意状语从句that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.的翻译。Seek to 致力于

九、代词的翻译

  1、句内指代

2001 71There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标 (违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。

  2、句外指代

2002 64（前文freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.）They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

自由和尊严 (它们) 是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

  3、模糊指代：this,that,which(非限定性定语从句中)，it翻译成“这一点”“这个观点”“这种情况”等等。