20xx年英语四级作文辅导讲义
目 录
一、《大学英语四级考试大纲》解读…………………………………………………………………………… 1
二、四级写作题材及体裁……………………………………………………………………………………… 2
三、评分原则和标准…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
四、写作得分技巧……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
五、看图作文…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
六、真题作文解析……………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
一、《大学英语四级考试大纲》解读。
《大学英语四级考试大纲》中规定写作选用考生熟悉的题材，并要求考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲，情景，图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。要求思想表达准确、语义连贯、无严重语法错误。作文时间为30分钟。
返回目录
1
二、四级写作题材及体裁。
A．写作题材
一般以校园类题材为主，其次是社会生活，再次是环境健康和娱乐休闲。
B．写作体裁
写作体裁一般分为三种：议论文、说明文和应用文。但最近几年的四级写作体裁主要以说明文和议论文为主。 返回目录
2
三、评分原则和标准。
A．评分原则
1. CET是检查学生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。
2． CET作文题采用总体评分（Global Scoring）方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（Reward scores）。
3． 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要 3
考虑是否用英语清楚而准确地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
4． 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括0分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。
B．评分标准
1. 满分15分
2. 共分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分和14分
3. 评分标准：
4
2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分：基本切题。表达思想不清楚．连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
8分：基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多．其中有一些是严重错误。
11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分：切题。表达思想清楚．文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误．仅有个别小错。［注：白卷．作文与题目毫不相 5
关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给 0分］
6
返回目录
7
四、写作得分技巧：
卷面整洁，书写清楚；构思简单，少犯错误；中心突出，层次分明；重在变化，宁简勿滥；
8 返回目录
五、看图作文
1. 看图作文的特点。
a. 一幅漫画（生动、形象、幽默、讽刺）b. 两种人事（关系不同；观点对立） c. 一个道理（主题唯一；依从主流）
9 返回目录
2. 看图作文写作步骤
A. 描述漫画、揭示主题。（第一段）
方法：
Who
： 谁和谁？关系如何？
What
： 发生什么事？在干什么？在说什么？有些什么东西？When： 什么时候的事？
Where： 哪儿发生的？
10
Why: 为什么会有（1）中的人和事
How: 我们该如何看待（1）中的人和事
1）人称和时态：第三人称；一般现在时；现在进行时
2）直接引语和间接引语的转换；
3）There be句型的灵活动用。
B. 解析漫画、分折主题。（第二段）
方法：
11
现象与本质；原因和结果；内因和外因；正方与反方；
对（1）中出现的两种不同事物和观点进行解释说明：为什么会有这样的事情发生，他们反映了什么样的社会问题？
C. 总结问题、给出看法。（第三段）
在第二段对主题进行解释和说明后，第三段要写自已对该问题的看法。包括：
12
（1） 图画中所出现的不同事物和观点，自已倾向哪一种。
（2） 对图画中所反映的问题提出合理建议。
13 返回目录
3. 看图作文应试策略。
A． 建立意识：熟悉社会热点。漫画是新的，但反映的热点问题应该是熟悉的。
B． 做好准备：多阅读报纸杂志。从别人对问题的分析和评价中不断学习。
C． 多做练习：灵活运用各种句型。通过练习不断巩固对句型和短语的理解和运用。
D． 多看范文：掌握图片作文中，对主题的把握。 返回目录
14
4. 图片作文常用句型及模板。
A.
描述漫画
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon given above, we can observe that…
或As is vividly shown in the picture, we can see that…… 或As we can see from the picture,…
B. 描述漫画本质/内涵
Apparently, the picture reflects/reveals that ……
或The cartoon informs us of the phenomenon that……
C. 出现的问题或现象的原因
15
We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First, ____. Second, ____. Third, _____.
或What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follows. To start with, ④______. Secondly, ⑤______ . What’s more, ⑥ _______. Last but not least, ⑦________. Reasons for …… are in abundance.
或The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows. Firstly,____. Secondly, ____. Thirdly, _____.
或There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.
16
D. 提出措施/
建议
Therefore, immediate measures should be taken to …. To begin with,…….. What’s more,……. Last but not least,…… 或It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ... 或It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
或To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ... E. 收尾段
From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
或In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
17
或In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
或With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
或We might do more than identify the cause ;it is important to take actions to ...
或Taking all these into account, we ...
或Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
或Given all the above factors, it is safe to reach the conclusion 18
that …
或Taking into account all the above factors, it is reasonable to reach the conclusion that …
5. 图片/漫画作文模板：
19 返回目录
It seems to me that the cartoon / drawing is sending a message about ____________（图画内容），which reveals ____________（稍作评价）.
In my perspective of view, ____________（表明个人观点）。Apparently, ____________（将个人观点和图片内容相结合，得出观点。）For one thing, ____________（从社会角度论证）. For another thing, ____________（从个人角度说明）. For example, ____________（自己、朋友或他人，只要自己知道或听过的例子）.Last but not least, ____________（从反面角度谈论）. 20
As a result, the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _____________（建议或措施）.Only in this way can we ____________(展望结果).In conclusion / To my understanding, ____________（再次表明观点或态度）. We should ____________（进一步说明个人的观点）.
返回目录
六、真题作文解析
21
1. Directions: For this part, you’re allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
审题：漫画反映的是一个社会现象。在漫画中，老师把一本厚
22
厚的书交给学生，并对他说：“Just think of it as if you’re reading a long text-message.”结合题目中的写作指令(express your views on the importance of reading literature)，可以得出这幅漫画所反映的社会现象：随着新的电子媒体的出现，文学阅读日渐式微。漫画中的text-message象征着当代层出不穷的新媒体，这里并不需要对其做过于狭隘的理解。
返回目录
2. Directions: For this part, you’re allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start 23
your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
审题：本题的漫画中有一对父子。儿子说：
24 “Dad, I’m a bit
worried about disposing of nuclear waste.”爸爸说：“If you can empty the dustbin here, you can do anything.”这幅漫画传达的是一个人生道理：想做大事，要先从小事做起。一屋不扫，何以扫天下？如果考生没有从漫画中看出这层意思，也可以结合写作指令(express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big)看出这一点。
返回目录
3. Directions: For this part, you’re allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start 25
your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
审题：漫画中，一位老师正在教一群小学生乘法表，孩子们却
26
面露疑色，其中一个学生向老师表达了大家心中的疑虑：“No offense, but by the time we’re in the job market, won’t that stuff be outdated?”结合写作指令(express your views on the importance of learning basic skills)，考生不难看出这幅漫画意在强调学习基本技能的重要性。
返回目录
27
第二篇：20xx年专业英语四级写作辅导
20xx年专四写作辅导：背诵范文一
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-2-1 编辑：梓淇
Human life can not continue without science and technology. For many years, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the process to mankind.
The life we are living now is more civilized than that of our forefathers. The development of science and technology has brought about many changes in people's life. For example, the invention of television and space rocket has opened a new era for mankind. Through the use of TV people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away. Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of man's landing on the moon has now come true.
Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. We may say, our socialist construction is just like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base. Without the base, the skyscraper can't be built.
Therefore, we should try our best to contribute to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country.
Notes:
in turn: 转而;反过来
bring about: 导致;引起
owe to:把…归功于…
come true: 实现
socialist construction ：社会主义建设
contribute to: 为 … 作贡献
20xx年专四写作辅导：背诵范文二
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-2-1 编辑：梓淇
Directions：
Study the following graph carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) analyze the graph, and
2) give your comments on the trend.
In recent years there has been a dramatic rise in the cell phones, which are now essential to millions of people as a convenient form of communication. In 2004 the number reached 315,000,000, with an average annual increase at 57,500,000.
Some people can now no longer imagine life without their cell phones. The fact that they are so popular proves that they are useful and convenient. Cell phones enable people to easily and quickly communicate with one another; wherever you are, you can instantly reach somebody. Cell phones eliminate the trouble of not being able to meet someone in person, and therefore increase business's efficiency.
Mobile phones necessarily also harbor disadvantages. The radiation such phones emit is hazardous to one's health. Furthermore, if people become too reliant on the use of cell phones, our face to face skills may decline. Any new invention has its drawbacks, and such negative aspects cannot always diminish its popularity. Despite the negative effects of television, for example, the number of people who own televisions continues to grow at a tremendous rate. This is also the case with mobile phones. People won't stop eating just because of the risk of choking. In addition, the 1
swift development of science and technology will likely eliminate the hazards cell phones may cause. One can safely predict, therefore, that with the introduction of new techniques, mobile phones will have more applications and become even more appealing to customers.
20xx年专四写作辅导：背诵范文三
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-2-1 编辑：梓淇
Self-confidence
There are many factors that can contribute to a person?s success in life. Whether he is at school or at work, a person is more likely to succeed if he is hard-working, honest, intelligent, responsible, and so on. But of all the possible characteristics that can affect one?s success, I believe
self-confidence to be the most important for the following reasons.
The first reason is that when a person has self-confidence he believes in himself. He believes that he can and will succeed, and this gives him the courage to try new things. In order to be successful we must be willing to take some risks, so having self-confidence is very important. Another reason is that a confident person rarely gives up. When he fails he tries again and again until he wins. A final reason is that confident people are not afraid to show off their achievements. This is not to say that they should brag, but that they should gracefully and confidently accept the compliments of others. When their achievements are noticed more by others at school or work, they are more likely to succeed.
In short, I believe self-confidence to be the most important factor in success. It enables people to take risks, try again when they fail, and enjoy their accomplishments when they win. With these abilities, a confident person can succeed easily at school or work.
20xx年专四写作辅导：背诵范文四
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-2-1 编辑：梓淇
Traveling can be wonderful. It introduces us to new experiences, broadens our minds and helps us relax. However, not everyone likes to travel in the same way. Some people prefer to travel alone so that they can do what they like during their trip without having to worry about anyone else. Others like to have a companion to share the experience with. I am one of the latter, because I believe that traveling with someone has many advantages.
When I travel with a companion, I have someone with whom to share what I experience. We can talk over the day?s events and discoveries, and this will make them more interesting. In addition, it is often comforting to have a familiar person around when we are in a strange environment. When I am traveling in a foreign country, I may be unable to speak the language or may be confused by the local customs. With a travel companion, I will always have someone to talk and share my
feelings with. Finally, a travel companion can make the journey easier and safer. We can help each other to take the journey easier and safer. We can help each other to take care of our bags and get information, as well as keep each other company while waiting in long lines.
To sum up, I prefer to travel with a companion rather than travel alone. I believe it adds enjoyment and comfort to may trip. And when we return from our journey, my friends and I can share our wonderful memories.
2
20xx年专四写作辅导：背诵范文五
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-2-1 编辑：梓淇
Wealth has always been what some people long for. It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. Their efforts contribute to the welfare of society and at the same time to the accumulation of their wealth. This brings them happiness.
There is no doubt that wealth brings happiness especially in modern society, where various kinds of modern conversation, new fashions and entertainments make their appearance with each passing day. These can improve a person?s life he or she has money to buy them.
But wealth does always not go hand in hand with happiness. Wealth may encourage those weak-willed person to be addicted to some harmful habits such as drug taking or gambling and bring about their own ruin. Also a person may lose his reason and go astray if he is passionately devote to seeking wealth. Therefore, one can never count on wealth to achieve happiness.
专业英语四级优秀范文01：竞争
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-18 编辑：梓淇
A Few Remark on Competition
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about “A Few Remark on Competition”. You should write a passage with the words and phrases given and it should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write your composition on the Composition Sheet. Key Words and Expressions:
common phenomenon, play, study, constant, so forth, to some extent, motive force, cooperation, a basketball game, in most cases, equally, early something to extremes, pure and exclusive, failure, obtain one's goals
[优秀范文]
Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life. We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constant competition for job, customers, money, and so forth. We can say, to some extent,competition is one of the motive forces of the development of society.
And we often find competition and cooperation at the same time. Think of a basketball game, each team is competing with the other team. But each member of the team is cooperating with his or her teammates. In most cases, we can't do competition without cooperation. Thus they are equally important.
While we are advocating competition, we can't forget cooperation. Nothing is to be carried to extremes. Pure and exclusive competition leads to failures. Competition together with cooperation help us a great deal in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs, especially in modernizing our country.
3
专业英语四级考试中作文测试地应对措施
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-18 编辑：梓淇
在现行的英语专业四级考试(TEM一4)中，写作测试由两部分组成，即便条和作文。其中，作文是学生反映问题较为集中的部分。在平时的教学过程当中，总有很多同学询问如何才能够在短时间内提高专四作文水平。其实英语学习是一个长期积累的过程，并无太多捷径，短期的突击也无异于杯水车薪。但是，可以通过对于考试规律的掌握来调整临考状态，提高应考能力，从而获取最佳效果。以下，笔者就专四作文的应试策略谈几点看法。一、时间安排作文的写作时间为35分钟，合理的时间安排为10+20+5。前面的10分钟用来读题审题，构思并列提纲，这是考生常常忽视的一个至关重要的环节。正确的读题审题有利于理清行文思路，也避免了差之毫厘、失之千里的遗憾。构思列提纲就如同建筑师在盖房子之前绘制蓝图，完善、全面的提纲可使考生在这个框架内填充、扩展，而不至于跑题，避免了想到哪就写到哪的盲目性。接着的2O分钟用来按照提纲写作，最后5分钟用来检查润色。合理的时间安排是写出优秀作文必不可少的第一步。二、卷面设置对于作文这样的主观题而言，考生与阅卷老师在无形之中彼此互动、相互影响。一个考生可以做的，首先是通过卷面给阅卷老师留下好的第一印象。要想使自己的文章在大约一分钟的阅读时间内给老师以赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版应该不多于卷面的2／3，不少于1／3。换句话说，就是要留有余地，不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小，字间距保持均匀，字迹要工整。段落方面，格式要整齐划一，段首或一律顶格或一律空四个字母的位置。这些都有易于考生先发制人，取得先机。三、作文结构及内容 TEM一4作文的体裁以议论文为主，由四个部分组成：标题 (title)，介绍(introduction)，主体(body)和结尾(conclusion)。作文题目要求中一般包含标题，所以需要考试~大考生完成的就只有其余三个部分。
(一)介绍(introduction) 介绍部分是一篇文章的“地图”，用来提纲挈领。其中第一句的作用是用来说明整段文章的总义和介绍文章的主题，之后的一至两句则是用来表达考生的个人意见(论点)，最后一句通常用来带领进入主体部分。文章好的开头会引人如胜，激发阅卷老师的阅读兴趣。一般说来，这一段落不宜太长，要写得简明扼要，主要可以采用以下三种方法：
1．引用法。文章开头引用名人名言、谚语或有代表性的看法见解来引出文章要展开讨论的一种观点，并明确自己的立场。 [Sample]On Making Friends As a proverb goes，a life without a friend is a life without the sun．It is true that everybody needs friends。so I find it quite necessary to make friends．
2．现象法。对于某种社会现象、倾向或社会问题进行剖析的文章通常在文章的开始首先引出这种现象或问题，然后进行评论并提出考生自己的观点。 [Sample]On Children?s Education Chinese famlies are traditionally known for valuing the edu— cation of their
children． M ost parents are trying to offer their children the best educatin，regarding it as their most important duty． It seems to me that there are three reasons for this，all of which are concerned with demands of modern life．． 3．对立法。文章开头首先引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后提出考生自己的看法，或偏向的那个看法。此方法多用于有争议性的主题。 }Sample{I Prefer to Live in a Big City Different people have different ideas about where to live． Some people like to live in big cities． Others prefer country life． I think both of the lives have their advantages and disadvanta— ges． If l am to make a choice，1 will not hesitate to choose the former．
(二)主体(body) 主体部分段首通常有一个主题句(topic sentence)，用来表示该段的中心思想。下面是几个常用主题句句型：
1．It is be— lieved that? has the following advantages．
2． ? is important in several ways．
3． I side with this view for two reasons．
4
4． ? benefits us in many ways．接下来的文章应包含二到三个要点，用以支持主题句。考生可以通过例证、引证、对比、因果论证及反证等方法逐步论述各个要点。阅卷老师在看文章时也许会通过某些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构严谨，条理清晰，因此要在每一个要点前加入表示顺序的词汇，如：to begin with，first and fore— most；then，furthermore，besides；finally，last but not least． 1 Sample l The Importance of Extensive Reading? ? Extensive reading benefits us in many ways． Firs of all，by reading extens ely。we can broaden our knowledge． For in— stance，newspapers and magazines can keep us informed of cur— rent
events．So it is easy for us to know what is going on in the world today．Secondly，extensive reading helps us improve our reading comprehension effectively．The more we read，the better we
understand and the faster our reading speed will be．W hat is more，extensive reading is the best way to enlarge our vocabula— ry．Due to frequent contact with unfamiliar words， we find it easy to guess the meaning of them even without referring to the dictionary．W e can often find context clues for new words．
(三)结尾(conclusion) 结尾部分的开始通常会用一个特别结论句式，如：in gener— al，to sum up，to conclude，all in all等等。在200词的文章中，这一部分不宜篇幅过长，最好用一两句话来总结全文，使其前后呼应。除非只是一个次要观点，否则不要在这段内提出任何新见解，但如果题目要求的话，考生也可以在结论上提出相应的建议、推荐、介绍和解决方法。
四、检查一篇成功的作文少不了反复推敲、一再修改。然而，由于考试时间和条件等诸多因素的限制，考生要警惕检查作文时的三大“通病”，即，数字数、孤芳自赏、和做结构与内容上大的修改。必须明确，考试作文的润色和修改只需要达到以下几个目的：拼写正确；用词准确，尤其是名词、动词、形容词、冠词和介词；语法正确，特别是人称、时态、和单复数的三“一致”；正确使用过度性词汇，从而使句子之间以及段落之间都具有逻辑性和条理性。在应试准备中，策略固然重要，还需要扎实的语言基础和写作的专门知识。提醒广大考生，在平时的学习中还应多读、多练、多总结，这样才有利于写作水平的日益提高。
专业英语四级写作该如何高分
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-18 编辑：梓淇
(一)写作题的性质
写作是人们表达思想的一种重要手段，我们称之为comprehensive test的综合测试，体现的是学生综合运用语言的能力。因为它不仅考核考生对词汇的掌握、对语法的应用 ，同时也考查了学生的表达能力、思维的逻辑性和条理性。我们知道，学习英语需掌握四种技能：听、说、读、写。听和读是语言的input(输入)过程，因而对于听力和阅读的测试是考查学习者的被动英文技能；说和写是语言的output(输出)过程，对于口语和写作的测试则是考查学习者的主动英文技能。学习者的被动英文水平往往高于主动英文水平，因此听力理解材料的难度往往大于口语的内容，阅读理解材料的难度往往要大于写作。由此可见，在经过两年基础专业课的学习后，学习者应该将重点放在把被动英文水平转化成主动英文水平上 。一旦我们的大脑有了大量的语言输出之后，就能达到出口成章、下笔有神的境界。
(二)英语专业四级写作要求
(1)能根据各种不同的听读材料笔头回答问题，复述内容写摘要、写提纲和记笔记。
(2)能根据题目列出写作提纲，在一小时内写出200～250词的短文。
以上均要求做到内容完整、条理清楚，语法基本正确，语言通顺恰当。
(3)能写一般的书信、通知、便条、请帖，填写简单的表格，格式正确，语言得体。 写作课培养学生初步写作能力，包括提纲、文章摘要、短文以及最简单的常用应用文。
(三)考试大纲对英语专业写作的要求和规定
5
(1)测试目的：按照英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲的要求，检查学生在基础阶 段末期的英语写作能力。
(2)题型：主观试题，分为Section A和Section B两个部分。
Section A: Composition写作文
Section B: Note-writing写便条
(3)测试要求：
a)作文。要求根据所给的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲) 写一篇150词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为35分钟。
b)便条。要求根据提示写大约50～60词的便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为10分钟。
(四)英语专业四级写作的评分标准
(1)文章内容切题、丰富，文章通顺，表达清楚。
(2)行文流畅。
(3)组织严密，逻辑性强。
(4)句型多样化，句法结构正确。
(5)用词得体、恰当、丰富。
(6)语法正确。
(7)拼写及标点正确，书写整洁。(五)高分密招
很多学习者翻开作文书籍，就如同想打开一本武功秘籍，只希望看到5个字母trick(技巧) 。技巧固然十分重要，但在应试准备中，常常需要70%的基础和30%的技巧。这里要提醒 大家的是，不可高估技巧的作用，犹如在武打片中，要想得到某某宝典和剑法，是需要付出惨痛的代价的。
在考场中，常常感到无话可说，该怎么办?
的确，在考场中有些考生由于紧张，常常会出现大脑一片空白，在10分钟之内动不了笔。对于这种在考场中思维短路的现象，有两种对策。
对策一：逆向思维法。考生在拿到一个作文话题、但不知该如何动笔时，可以去联想有关该 话题的具体事件，从具体事件中提炼出观点，再将观点反弹回去，即topic具体事件观点。例如看到The Advantage and Disadvantage of TV这个文章题目时，如果不知如何下笔，可以去联想一些具体的电视节目。一提到电视节目，就会自然而然地想到《新闻联播》。《新闻联播》有哪些好处呢?当然是开拓视野，了解世界。同时，还会联想到一些暴力片和色情片，它们对儿童的身心健康发展不利。
对策二：正说反说法。考生在写作中感到观点空洞茫然，不易理论清楚，甚至不知从何谈起时，可以从正、反两个方面对议题进行“摆事实，讲道理”，即“如果这样，就会怎么样； 如果不这样，又会怎么样”。
在写作中，遇到不会表达的词语该怎么办?
对于母语是中文的学习者，其中文词汇量往往大于英文词汇量，在英文写作中遇到不能表 达的词语是最正常不过的事情了。但有的考生在遇到不会拼写的单词时，往往绞尽脑汁，冥思苦想，结果造成思维短路，得不偿失。其实，对于这种情况，也有两种对策。 对策一：用其近义词代替。
如在写Student Use of Computer这篇作文时，很多同学以“在 最近10年里，学生使用电脑的小时数一直在增加”这句话来开头。“10年”可以用decade表 示，“增加”可以用ascend表示。但是不知道这两个词或对于它们的拼写没有把握时，可用 其近义词表示，如“10年”直接用ten years就可以，“增加”还可用increase, go up, ri se, grow, jump, climb等。在这个时候，考生必须遵守“宁为瓦全，不可玉碎”的原则。 这就要求在平时注意多收集一些同义词。如在每一篇作文中都会用到的一个单词“认为”， 英文中有很多单词来表达此义，如think, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, h old, suggest, view…as, regard…as, consider…(as)。又如另一个单词“目 6
前，最近” ，可用nowadays, these years, recently, lately, currently, at present。此外， 同义词的收集与运用有助于考生在写作中用词多样化。
对策二：当考生在写作中，既找不到该词 的近义词，又不能用解释性的语言进行阐述时，考生可以考虑用其上义词或下义词来代替。
上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明；下义词是事物的具体表现形式。如Owing a Car这 篇文章谈到拥有汽车的弊端，其中有一点是汽车会排放出一氧化碳(carbon oxide)和二氧化 碳(carbon dioxide),对空气造成污染。当然，如果不知道如何拼写，更不知该如何去 释义一氧化碳和二氧化碳时，可以用它们的上义词poisonous gases来表示，因为不 论是一氧化碳还是二氧化碳都是有毒气体。又如Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus(大学生该如何走出校园了解世界)，提纲的第二点要求是大学生了解社会的途径( 大众媒体、社会服务等)。“大众媒体”为mass media，“社会服务”为social service。 如果考生不会表达，但是在提纲里又明确规定不能不写时，可以用其下义词来代替。大众媒 体的具体表现形式是TV，radio,
newspaper, internet；社会服务的具体表现形式则为par t\|time job, tutoring等。因而，考生在写作中遇到不会表达的单词时，应该沉着冷静 ，考虑用其近义词、上义词或下义词来代替。
专业英语四级写作必背经典句型一览
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-18 编辑：梓淇
1.There is no sport I enjoy more than swimming.
2. Nothing is more important than perseverance in achieving success.
3. I don?t imagine anything we cannot do so long as we persist.
4. There is no denying that our economy is developing by leaps and bounds.
5. It is universally acknowledged that what he has done was a mistake.
6. It is conceivable (可想而知的) / obvious (明显的) / apparent / that there will be a new economic crisis throughout the world, but we hope it won?t happen.".
7. It goes without saying （不言而喻）that we have to work hard if we want to learn a foreign language well.
8. Science to the human mind is what air or water is to the body
科学之于人类思想正如水或空气之于身体
9. Crisis is to us what illness is to our body.
10. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人生没有朋友，犹如人生没有太阳
11. General Lee is everything General Grant is not.
12. Great changes have taken place since our country entered WTO.
13. On no account can we lie.
14. Under no circumstances should we reveal our secret.
15. There is no one but longs to communicate with others
16. So precious is time that we can?t afford to waste it.
17. It is high time we did something to change the situation.
18. The situation will worsen unless some steps are taken to stop it.
19. The reasons why I am the most partial to blue are threefold.
20. We should spare no effort to make a success of our career.
21. It pays to take part in social works in order to know the outside world better.
22. Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.
23. We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
24. Taking exercise is closely related to health.
7
25. The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 26. …change the course of history… …turn over a new leaf… …shape the destiny of a nation… …shape the world… …break a new ground… 27. Smoking has a great influence on our health. 28. Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 29. We shall do our utmost to change and reverse the current situation. 30. Time is more than money.
专业英语四级作文的12种便条类型范文
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-18 编辑：梓淇
1.邀请便条：
①发出邀请
a April 20, 2008
Dear Fiona,
I am going to hold a dinner party with several other friends of ours. The party will be held in Room 6 of Lijing Hotel at 5:00 p.m. today, I sincerely hope you can attend and we will have a very happy time together. Please let me know whether you can make it.
Yours,
Amelia
发出邀请b
April 20, 2008
Dear Fiona,
Here is a piece of good news for you. The * will give a performance in the * tomorrow evening. I am sure that you will be happy to watch it .The performance will begin at seven o?clock sharp. I will wait for you at the theater entrance. Please let me know whether you can make it at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Amelia
发出邀请c
April 20, 2008
Dear Professor Zhou,
I am Amelia from class 052; I need you to give me some suggestion on my project. If it doesn?t trouble you too much, shall we have a meet at your office tomorrow? Time is up to you. Respectful yours,
Amelia
发出邀请d（通知）
April 20, 2008
Dear girls and boys in Class 0403,
This Saturday evening, from 7 p.m. to 9 p. m., at Singeing dining hall, there will be a ball held by Class 0301. We warmly invite you to take part in it. There you can enjoy yourselves with dance, music and various games. And we?ll have a chance of communication, which will enhance the 8
friendship between us. Come and enjoy ourselves together.
Yours,
Mike
Monitor of Class 0301
②接受邀请
April 20, 2008
Dear Amelia,
It?s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to come. I will go to the place right after I finish my work at about 5 p.m. this evening. (如果是办在家里：I shall be very happy to call at your house right after I finish my work at 6:30 this evening.) Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours,
Fiona
③拒绝邀请
April 20, 2008
Dear Amelia，
It?s so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to but I have a meeting to attend this evening, please give my best regards to them all and I hope my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience, have fun.
Yours,
Amelia
2．请假条
April 20, 2008
Dear Ms. Jiang,
I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Class （I?m terribly sorry to apply for ten days? leave from the Aug. 23rd to Sep. 3rd）due to a bad cold and high fever. I will show you the certificate from the doctor to support my application. I will go back to school as soon as I recover.（I promise I will do my best to catch the missed lessons on after I come back.）Wish for your allowance.
Yours respectfully,
Amelia
3．请求便条
a．讲清事情的因由（为什么请求）
b．请求行为
c．请求实现方式
d．致谢
套句：
请求帮助： Would you do me a favor? Would you be so kind as to…?/ Could I trouble you to send this book for me?/ I wonder if you would tell me…?/ If it is not too troublesome, could you…?/ I hope this request will not trouble you too much.
请求允许：Please give me a few more days./May I have a look at your dictionary? / Would you mind if I opened the window? / I wonder if I could open the door. / Would it be possible to have a talk with you?
请求做事(要求与暗示)：Let?s go to the bookstore this afternoon./ I want to have a look at your book. / I wish you could…/ I would like ask you to clean the room./ You are making a big mess./ I feel a bit hungry now. What time is it now?
范文：
9
April 20，2008
Dear Professor Hu,
I am very happy to have the chance to listen to your lecture on “American Literature”. But it is a pity that I was late that day due to an accident on my way to the lecture and failed to get the handout. Your lecture is really instructive for my English study, so I wonder if you could kindly e-mail the handout to the address: zhang123@ .Heartfelt thanks.
Respectfully yours,
Amelia
4．抱怨投诉便条(关键词complain, dissatisfaction)
a．抱怨投诉行为
b．投诉内容具体描述
c．要求弥补纠正赔偿
d．抱怨投诉者对弥补纠正赔偿等的敦促或威胁
套句：
行为描述I?m writing to bring your attention to the problems I have had with …
Here?s the problem…
解决方式的要求：It would be very kind( considerate) of you to…address this problem soon. / take steps to rectify this situation soon. / turn it down a little? /
敦促或威胁: Frankly, I really can?t put up with the situation any more. You must rectify the situation, or I will take it to the court. / If you can?t give me a satisfactory answer, I will complain it to the Consumer Association.
范文：
April 20，2008
Dear Sir or Madam,
I went to your store to buy a Radio watch last Sunday. When I mentioned the high price, the No. 5 saleswoman replied in a sarcastic tone, “You can go ahead and buy a cheap fake from other stores”. She didn?t know how to treat a prospective buyer! I hope you can improve your service and give me a face-to-face apology. My telephone number is 010-12345567.
Sincerely yours,
Amelia
5.道歉便条
a道歉的行为与内容，
b具体理由，
c弥补方法，
d进一步致歉。
套句：
道歉行为： I?m writing to show my apology for…/ I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…/I?m sorry to say that I?ve not finished reading it through, and have to keep it until next Sunday. / Excuse me for my delaying in turning in my assignment.
道歉理由：I had a minor accident./ I had a minor operation.
弥补纠正及其承诺：I am sure I can make up the loss by…/ I promise it will never happen again. / It would be very kind(considerate) of you to give me another chance to…( to give me another two days
进一步致歉： Many apologies. / Do please forgive me.
范文：
April 20，2008
Dear Fiona,
10
I am writing to you to apologize for the abrupt way I departed just after the exams finished. It was terribly rude of me to have left without saying good-bye to you. The fact is that I was so
excited when I learned I had passed the exams with high marks that I couldn?t wait to get home and tell my parents. I am sure you will understand my feelings. Please accept my sincere apology, and with you a really happy holiday.
Yours truthfully,
Amelia
April 20，2008
Dear Fiona,
I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday. I know that you must have been disappointed. I also feel worried and anxious in my heart. The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare an urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p. m. I am terribly sorry. However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday. Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Amelia
Dear Fiona,
I imagine that you must be enjoying your birthday party today. I write this letter to offer my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for many returns of the day. It is a great pity that I cannot be with you. But remember I am thinking of you all the time. I hope that all your years to come will be twice as happy and as merry as those past
英语专四写作辅导：怎样使句子多样化
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-18 编辑：梓淇
一篇好文章的条件很多。除了内容丰富和组织紧密之外，词汇的运用和句子的处理，也起着决定性作用。句子可长可短，同一件事，可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句，文章必定很单调乏 味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句，读起来也很费力。
最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列 句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词 短语，以及节缩成分。总之，作者可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但 是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：
(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句(1)+2)
(2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句)
(3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句(1)-(2) )
(4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语)
(5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句)
(6) The young pilot was on his first overseas training.
(7) He felt very uneasy.
(a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.
(b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.
11
(c) The young pilot's first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.
(d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.
(e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.
(f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
(h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.
(i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.
(j) When the young pilot was on his/first overseas trainging, he felt very uneasy.
(k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.
(l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy.
在上述12个句子中，(a)-(g)是简单句；(h)是并列句；(i)-(l)是复杂句。简单句除(b)和(g)之外， 其他五样，用的人并不多。人们最喜欢采用复杂句，尤其是(j)和(k)这两款；接着便是并列句(h)。如果 大多数人的句子只限于(b),(g), (h), (j)和(k)这五种，而其他的则弃如敝屣，不是很可惜吗？
增强英语语句表现力的有效方法
一、避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。
1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如：
Weak: The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab.
Revision:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. (转换为前置定语)
Or: The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. (转换为并列结构作后置定语)
2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如：
1) Weak: The team members are good players.
Revision: The team members play well.
2) Weak: One worker?s plan is the elimination of tardiness.
Revision: One worker?s plan eliminates tardiness.
3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例 如：
1) Weak: There is no opportunity for promotion.
Revision: No opportunity for promotion exists.
2) Weak: Here are the books you ordered.
Revision: The books you ordered have arrived.
二、多用语意具体的动词，保持句意简洁明了。
例如：
1、Poor: My supervisor went past my desk.
Better: My supervisor sauntered (=walked slowly) past my desk.
2、Poor: She is a careful shopper.
Better: She compares prices and quality.
三、尽量运用主动语态。
例如：
1、Weak: The organization has been supported by charity.
Better: Charity has supported the organization.
2、 Weak: The biscuits were stacked on a plate.
Better: Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate.
四、防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。
例如：
1、Wordy: My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.
Improved: My little sister prefers chocolate milk.
12
2、Wordy: We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations. Improved: We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.
3、 Redundant: We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
Improved: We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
4、 Redundant: My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores. Improved: My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores.
五、杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。
例如：
1、Weak: They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.
Improved: They will not agree to any of his proposals.
2、Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall. Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall.
专业英语四级应用文常用的句型
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-18 编辑：梓淇
一、邀请信
1、I?d like ...to come to dinner
非常希望...共进晚餐
2、request the pleasure of
恭请...
3、The favor of a reply is requested
敬赐复函
4、May I have the honor of your company at dinner?
敬备菲酌，恭请光临
5、Thank you for inviting us to dinner
谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐
6、I hope you?re not too busy to come.
我期望您会在百忙中光临
7、The reception will be held in ...,on ...
招待会定于...在...举行
8、We sincerely/faithfully hope you can attend….
我们期待您的光临
9、We are looking forward to ...
我们期待着....
10、We have decided to have a party in honor of the occasion
为此我们决定举办一次晚会
11、Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience
是否参加，请早日告之
二、感谢信
1、Thank you very much for ....
十分感谢...
2、Many thanks for your ...
非常感谢您...
13
3、 Please accept my sincere appreciation for ...
请接受我对...真挚的感谢
4、 I am truly grateful to you for ...
为了...，我真心感激您
5、It was good (thoughtful) of you ...
承蒙好意(关心)...
6、You were so kind to send ...
承蒙好意送来...
7、Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
再次感谢您的盛情款待，并期待不久见到您
8、I find an ordinary "thank-you" entirely inadequate to tell you how much...
我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地...
9、I sincerely appreciate ...
我衷心地感谢...
10、I wish to express my profound appreciation for ...
我对..深表谢意
11、Many thanks for you generous cooperation
谢谢贵方的真诚合作
常用句子：
1.I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.如您方便，请早日来电，我将不胜感激。
2.Delighted! Will call at 2 p.m. tomorrow.来条收悉，定于明天下午两点拜访。
3.Encl.: Doctors Certificate of Advice. 附;医生证明 I shall be very happy to call at your house at 6:30 this evening. Until then,...我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。Enclosure
4.Upon receiving this note, please come to my office.见条后，请立即来我办公室。
5.Mr. Li stands in urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的帮助。
6.I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事，需要200元。
7.Your note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一张入场券均已收到，不胜感激。
8.I?m very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and I?m sure to come to see your concert.承蒙邀请观看你们的音乐会，我一定按时到场。
9.Please accept this little gift as a small token of my esteem for you.奉上这小小的礼物，以表达我对您的崇高敬意。Token=symbol
10.I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.望我的缺席不会给你带来太大的不便。
11.Please favor me with an early reply.敬请早复
12.Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.希望能及早处理此事。
13.Please give an extension of leave for three days.请准予续假三天为盼。
14
20xx年专四写作范文：HonestyIsGold
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-14 编辑：梓淇
Honesty Is Gold
Honesty means speakingthe truth and being fair and upright in act. He who lies and cheats is dishonest.: Those who gain fortunes not by hard labour but by other means is dishonest.
Honesty is a good virtue. If you are honest all the time,you'll be trusted and respected by others.
A liar is always looked down upon and regarded as a black sheep by the people around. Once you lie, people will never believe you even if you speak the truth.
However, in the tide of commodity economy today, it seems that more and more people believe in money at the sacrifice of honesty. To them, among such things as health, beauty, m6ney, intelligence, honesty, reputation and talent, honesty is the only thing that can be east away. They don't understand or pretend not to understand that honesty is the biggest fortune humans own, and that it is the prerequisite for doing everything well. I think these people areto be pitied.
In short, honesty is gold. Honest, your reputation will become great;dishonest, your name will be spoiled and your personality degraded. Therefore, we should never make such an excuse as "A little dishonesty is only a trifle thing. We should eradicate immediately the seed of dishonesty once it is sowed in our minds.
20xx年专四写作范文：UniversityLife
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-14 编辑：梓淇
University Life
1. The value of university life.
2. University life can be rich and colorful.
3. Students prepare for their future.
[优秀范文]
Time spent at a university is a most worthwhile period in a young person's life. This is a time when a student begins to form his or her ideas about life in general. Attending classes and studying in the library keep a student busy and provide him or her with access to valuable information, adding to his or her knowledge base.
Campus life can also be rich and colorful. Most universities offer a variety of extracurricular activities such as sports events, contests, and other social gatherings, enabling the students to experience relief fi'om study and homework. Students often form lifelong friendships through the varied experiences of university life.
During the time a student spends at university, he not only develops his intellectual ahilites,he also develops social skills as well as knowledge and wisdom necessary for choosing a future career. By learning how to balance intense study and recreation, a student will be well prepared for the challenges of future responsibilities.
15
20xx年专四写作范文：应试教育
专四专八(TEM)考试网 更新：2012-1-14 编辑：梓淇
We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person?s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.They may be a good means of testing
memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell nothing about a person?s true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success or failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn?t matter that you weren?t feeling very well, or that your mother dies. Little things like that don?t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ?drop-outs?: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memories. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedom. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge?s decision on you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner?s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person?s true abilities. It is cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: ?I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.?
16