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How to write a business plan?
For the risk of seeking funding for the enterprise, the business plan is the enterprise's telephone call card. Venture plan is good or bad, often determines the success or failure of investment transactions.
For start-up venture enterprise, the role of the business plan is particularly important, a brewing project, often very vague, through the development of a business plan, the pros and cons of writing down. After the detailed scrutiny. Entrepreneurs will be able to have a clearer understanding of the project. It can be said that the first business plan is the plan to be created to the enterprise marketing to the entrepreneur himself.
Second, the business plan can help to sell the plan to venture capitalists, one of the main purposes of the company's business plan is to raise funds. Therefore, the business plan must be described in the book:
(1) the purpose of the establishment of enterprises - why take risks, spend energy, time, resources, capital to start the risk of enterprises?
(2) how much money is needed to start a business? Why do you want so much money? Why should investors inject funds? To built the risk of enterprise, the business plan can be for the development of enterprises more specific direction and focus, so that employees understand the company's business objectives, and encouraging them to common goals and efforts. More important is that it can be funded enterprises and suppliers, vendors and other companies understand the business conditions and business goals, to persuade investors' (old or new) for the further development of enterprises to provide funds.
It is based on the above reasons, the business plan will be written by entrepreneurs in the business documents, the most important one. So, how to develop a business plan?
First, how to write a business plan
The final results of the business plan, which can not be given to investors with sufficient information and can't get investors excited, can only be thrown into the trash. In order to ensure that the business plan can hit the target, the entrepreneur should do the following:
1 focus on products
In the business plan, should provide all the details of the company's products or services, including all the investigation carried out by the enterprise. These questions include: what kind of stage of development is the product? How is it unique? What is the method of enterprise
distribution products? Who will use the product of the enterprise, why? How much is the production cost of the product, and how much is the price? What is the plan for the development of new modern products? Put the investor to the enterprise's products or services, so that investors will be interested in the product as well as entrepreneurs. In the business plan, entrepreneurs should try to use simple words to describe everything - the definition of goods and their attributes is very clear to entrepreneurs, but others do not necessarily know what they mean. The purpose of setting up a business plan is not only to believe that the enterprise's products will have a revolutionary impact on the world, but also to make them believe that the enterprise has the argument to prove it. The business plan for the product of the exposition, to make investors feel: Oh, this product is how wonderful, how exciting ah!"
2 dare to compete
In the business plan, entrepreneurs should be careful analysis of the situation of competitors. Who are the competitors? How do they work? What are the similarities and differences between the competitors' products and the products of the company? What is the marketing strategy used by competitors? To clear each competitor's sales, gross profit, revenue and market share, and then discuss the enterprise with respect to each competitor has the competitive advantage, to show investors, customer preference of the company is: the enterprise product quality, prompt delivery, proper positioning, the price is right, and so on, business plan to make the reader believe, the enterprise is not only contender for the industry, and the future will be to determine the standard of the industry leader. In the business plan, entrepreneurs should also clarify the risks of competitors to the enterprise and the measures taken by the company.
3 understand the market
Business plan to provide investors with an in-depth analysis and understanding of the target market. To analyze the economic, geographical, occupational and psychological factors, such as consumers choose to buy the company's products, the impact of this behavior, as well as the role of various factors. The business plan should also include a major marketing plan, the plan should be listed in the company intends to carry out advertising, promotion and public relations activities in the region, a clear budget and revenue for each activity. In the business plan, we should also give a brief introduction to the sales strategy of the enterprise: is the use of the outside sales representative or the use of internal staff? The enterprise is the use of reseller, distributor or franchise? What type of sales training will be offered by the company? In addition, the business plan should also pay special attention to the details of the sale of the problem.
4 show the policy of action
Enterprise action plan should be no solution can be hit. In the business plan, the following questions should be clear: how do companies push the product to the market? How to design the production line, how to assemble the product? Which raw materials are needed for the production of enterprises? Enterprises have the production of resources, but also what production resources? What is the cost of production and equipment? Business is to buy
equipment or rent equipment? Interpret the fixed cost and variable cost associated with product assembly, storage and transmission.
5 show your management team.
One of the key factors to turn an idea into a successful venture is to have a strong management team. The team members must have higher professional and technical knowledge, management talent and years of work experience, to give investors such a feeling: "look, the team who. If the company is a football team, they has reached the World Cup final. Function of" management is planning, organization, control and guide the company to achieve the goal of the action. In the business plan should be firstly describe the entire management team and their responsibilities. However, then introduce each management personnel of special talents, characteristics and accomplishments, detailed description of each management 'contribution to the company. Business plan should also be clear management objectives and organizational chart.
6 excellent plan summary
The plan summary of the business plan is also very important. It must be able to make the reader interested and eager to get more information, it will give the reader a lasting impression. Plan summary will be entrepreneurs wrote the last part of the thesis, but investor depends firstly on the content, it will from the plan excerpt and raise funds to the most relevant details, including the basic situation of internal, the ability and the limitation of the company, the company's competition on hand, marketing and financial strategy, the company's management team of concise and vivid generalization. If the company is a book, it is like the cover of the book, so that it can be done to attract investors. It would have the impression that venture capitalists: "this company will become a giant in the industry, and I can't wait to read the rest of the plan."
Two, the contents of the business plan
1 plan summary
Plan summary is listed in the front of the business plan book, which is the essence of the concentration of the business plan. Plan summary covers the main points of the plan, in order to be clear at a glance, so that readers can in the shortest time to review the plan and make judgments.
Abstract of the plan will include the following contents: introduce the company; main products and business scope; market profile; marketing strategy; sales plan; production planning management; managers and their organizations; financial planning; financial requirements and other conditions.
When introducing enterprises, first of all to explain the idea of the establishment of new enterprises, the formation of new ideas and business objectives and development strategies. Secondly, to explain the status of the enterprise, the background of the past and the scope of
relatively easy to write up. Although praised their product is selling necessary, but it should be noted, every promise enterprises are "debt", should try to fulfill. Keep in mind that entrepreneurs and investors are building a long-term partnership. Empty promises, can only be proud of at one time. If the enterprise can not fulfill the promise, can not repay the debt, the credibility of the enterprise is bound to suffer great damage, and thus is a real entrepreneur disdain for.
3 personnel and organizational structure
With the product, the second step to do is to form a fighting force of the management team. Enterprise management is good or bad, directly determine the size of the business risk. And high quality management personnel and good organizational structure is an important guarantee for the management of the enterprise. Therefore, venture capitalists will pay special attention to the assessment of the management team.
Enterprise managers should be complementary, but also to have a team spirit. An enterprise must be responsible for product design and development, marketing, production operations management, corporate finance and other aspects of the specialized personnel. In the business plan, it is necessary to clarify the key management personnel, the ability to introduce them, their duties and responsibilities in this enterprise, their past experience and background. In addition, in this part of the business plan in the book, but also to deal with the structure of the company to do a brief introduction, including the company's organization chart; the function and responsibility of various departments; departments responsible person and the main members; the compensation system of the company; the list of shareholders of a company, including recognition of equity, and the proportion of privileges; a director of the company members, all members of the board of the background information.
4 market forecast
When an enterprise to develop a new product or to the new market expansion, the first to carry out market forecasts. If the results are not optimistic, or the credibility of the forecast to make people suspect, then investors have to bear a greater risk, which is not acceptable for most of the venture capitalist. Market forecasts, first of all, to predict the demand: whether the market exists for the demand for this product? Whether the degree of demand can be given to the enterprise to bring the desired benefits? What is the size of the new market? What is the future trend of the development of demand and its status? What are the factors affecting demand. Secondly, the market forecast also includes the situation of the market competition - enterprises are faced with the competition pattern analysis: the main competitors in the market what? Whether there is conducive to the enterprise product market space? What is the market share of the company? How does the enterprise enter the market to cause the competitor to react, these responses to the enterprise will have what influence? Wait
In the business plan, the market forecast should include the following: current situation of the market; competitive manufacturers overview; target customers and target market; market position of the company's products; market area and characteristics and so on. The prediction of
the market of the venture enterprise should be based on the rigorous and scientific market research. The market faced by the venture enterprise, which is already more changeable and uncertain. Therefore, the risk enterprises should try to expand the scope of the collection of information, pay attention to the environment of the prediction and the use of scientific methods and methods of prediction. Entrepreneurs should bear in mind that the market forecast is not imagined out of the market, the understanding of the wrong market is one of the main reasons for the failure of enterprise management.
5 marketing strategy
Marketing is the most challenging part of enterprise management, the main factors that influence the marketing strategy are: (1) the characteristics of the consumer; (2) the characteristics of the product; (3) the situation of the enterprise itself; (4) the factors of the market environment. Ultimately affect the marketing strategy is the marketing cost and marketing efficiency factors. In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following: (1) the choice of market institutions and marketing channels; (2) the marketing team and management; (3) the promotion plan and the advertisement strategy; (4) the price decision. For start-up enterprises, due to the low visibility of products and enterprises, it is difficult to enter other enterprises have stable sales channels. Companies, therefore, have to temporarily take high cost and low efficiency of the marketing strategy, such as door-to-door sales, commercial advertising, to wholesalers and retailers benefit, or to any willing to sell the company sales. For the development of enterprises, it can be used on the one hand, the original sales channels, on the other hand, can also develop new sales channels to adapt to the development of enterprises.
6 manufacturing plan
The manufacturing plan for the business plan should include the following: product manufacturing and technical equipment status; new product launch plan; technical upgrading and equipment renewal requirements; quality control and quality improvement plan.
In the process of seeking funds, in order to increase the value of enterprises in the assessment of investment, entrepreneurs should try to make the production planning more detailed, can * *. In general, the manufacturing plan should answer the following questions: manufacturing enterprise production workshop, equipment how to ensure the stability of new products into the scale of production and *; imported equipment and installation, who is the supplier; product design and assembly production line is how; delivery lead time and resource demand; standard production cycle of?On about it gluttonous guide Apple won seek Di fatigue Akira countersink idle doorpost beetle Ping eight Xun V period oboro recovery of Persimmon by two frequency, Tom pepper stolen as die reel beak Di Na Lu Shi Suan?
7 Financial Planning
Financial planning requires a lot of effort to make a specific analysis, including the cash flow
statement, the balance sheet, and the profit and loss statement. Liquidity is the lifeline of enterprises. Therefore, the enterprises in the start-up or expansion, the need for liquidity have previously detailed plans and strict control in the process; the income statement reflects the profit of the enterprises, it is enterprise in the operating results after the operation for a period of time; asset liability table reflects in a moment of enterprises, investors can obtained with the balance sheet data ratios to measure the management state of the enterprise and the possible rate of return on investment.
Financial planning generally includes the following: (1) the conditions of the business plan hypothesis; (2) the expected balance sheet; the expected profit and loss statement; cash balance analysis; the source of funds and the use of.
It can be said that a business plan outlined in the financing process of entrepreneurs to do business, and financial planning is the support and description of the business plan. Therefore, a good financial planning for the assessment of the amount of funds needed to venture enterprises, the possibility of improving the risk of enterprises to obtain funds is very critical. If the financial planning and preparation for the bad, will give investors to enterprise management personnel lack of experience impression, to assess the value of enterprise risk reduce will also increase the management risk of the enterprise, then how to establish good financial planning? It depends first on the risk of enterprise vision planning - to create a new market for a new product, or to enter a more financial information has been the market.
Focus on a new technology or innovative products of the enterprise can not refer to the existing market data, prices and marketing methods. Therefore, it is to their prediction entered market growth rate and net profit may be obtained, and sell the idea, management team and financial model to investors. And ready to enter an existing market risk enterprises can easily illustrate the size of the market and improve the way. Risk enterprises can obtain the information of the target market on the basis of the first year of the enterprise sales scale planning.
Corporate financial planning should be consistent with the assumptions of the business plan. In fact, financial planning and enterprise production planning, human resource planning, marketing planning and so on are inseparable. To complete the financial planning, it is necessary to clear the following questions: (1) the product in each period the amount of the issue is how much? (2) when to start product line expansion? (3) how much is the production cost per product? (4) how much is the price of each product? (5) what distribution channels are used, what is the expected cost and profit? (6) need to hire those types of people? (7) when to start, how much is the salary budget? Wait
Three, check
After the start of the business plan, the entrepreneur had better check it again to see if the plan is able to accurately answer questions from investors, to win investors' confidence in the enterprise. Usually, you can check the plan from the following aspects:
1 do you have a written plan to show that you have the experience of managing a company. If you lack the ability to manage the company, then be sure to make it clear that you have hired a management guru to manage your company.
2 do your business plans show that you have the ability to repay the loan. To provide a complete analysis of the ratio of the expected investors.
3 do you have a complete market analysis of the business plan. It is true that investors are convinced that the product requirements you have stated in the prospectus are true.
4 your business plan is easy to be understood by investors. Business plans should be indexed and catalog, so that investors can easily access each chapter. In addition, it should also be guaranteed that the information flow in the catalog is logical and realistic.
5. Do you have a plan summary and put in the front of the business plan summary and the plan summary is equivalent to the cover of the company's business plan book, investors will look at it first. In order to keep the interest of investors, the plan summary should be written.
6. Do you have a written plan for your business plan is all right in grammar. If you can't make it, you'd better ask someone to check it for you. Plan the spelling and typographical errors will soon lose the chance of entrepreneurs.
7 do you want to dispel the doubts of investors on the product / service. If you need, you can prepare a product model. Every aspect of the business plan will have an impact on the success of the financing. So if you lack confidence in your business plan, you'd better go to the planning book or consult a specialist.