船舶保持(美国)油污应急计划有效性与美国的QI
武汉航海职业技术学院 曹志平
内容摘要：按照美国《19xx年油污法》要求，靠泊美国港口和航行于美国水域的船舶，必须制定符合美国《19xx年油污法》以及联邦和相关地方其他法规的油污应急计划并保持有效。此文介绍美国《19xx年油污法》的主要要求、Qualified Individual的主要相关职责及其与美国海岸警卫队、委托船舶之间的关系，以及船舶如何取得QI帮助。
关键词：船舶 防止油污染 油污应急计划 美国《19xx年油污法》Qualified Individual
O 引言
随着国际社会日益重视防止油类污染海洋，国际海事组织及各缔约方都制定了防止油类污染海洋的法规。美国制定了《19xx年油污法》(以下简称OPA’90)，几乎取消了船方油污损害赔偿责任的限制，在美国水域发生油污事故的船舶暴露于数千万甚至上亿美元的巨大赔偿风险下，不得不谨小慎微?。
据()PA’90，靠泊或航行于美国水域的一切船舶，必须：
·制定符合0PA’90以及联邦和相关地方其他法规要求的船舶油污应急计划并保持有效；
·指定一家Qualified Individual(可译为合格代理人，缩写QI)，为船舶提供防止油污染服务。
1 船舶油污应急计划
1．1 IMO的船舶油污应急计划
船舶油污应急计划(Shjpboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan．缩写S()PEt，)，是《经19xx年议定书修订的19xx年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》附则I第4章26条规定的要求，19xx年4月4日生效。
该计划的主要目的，是当船舶发生或可能发生油污染事故时，为船长或船上负责人员采取必要措施提供指导，帮助处理意外的排油，控制或减少排放或减轻其危害。
该计划不仅适用于操作性溢油，还包括帮助船长应付船舶发生的事故性排放时所需的指导。
该计划应包括“船上油污应急计划编制导则”中所要求的所有数据和操作程序，其附录应包括所有与计划有关联的联系人的姓名、电话、电传号码等以及其它有关数据。 该第26条规定《船舶油污应急计划》：
（1)凡150总吨及以上的油船和400总吨以上的其它船舶，应备有经主管机关批准的船舶油污染应急计划。19xx年4月4日以前建造的船舶，在该(19xx年4月4日生效)日期的24个月以后适用本规定。
(2)这种计划应符合国际海事组织制定的总则，并使用船长和驾驶员的工作语言，至少应包括①根据国际海事组织制定的导则，作为本公约第8条和议定书1的要求：由船长或负责管理该船的其它人员报告油污事故的程序；②可能需联系的有关当局或个人的名单：③为减少或控制事故溢油，船上人员立即采取行动的详细说明；④抗污染过程中，为船上行动与当地国家和政府进行协调的程序和船上联系点。
2．2 美国OPA’90要求的船舶油污应急计划
美国C}PA’90要求的船舶油污应急计划，参照《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》制定，目的也是为指导船员在发生油类等有害物质排放事故时及时有效地采取措施．但更突出岸上应急活动的内容，更强调陆上应急援助行动．使船舶应急计划与国家／地区应急计划有机地
联系在一起，以便有效地防止损害环境。
美国()PA’90要求的船舶油污应急计划，强制内容包括下列6部分。
·总信息：船舶名称、呼号、IM0号码、主要特征等。
·序言：解释本计划的目的，指明船上怎样与岸上联系。
·报告要求：当船舶发生或潜在油污威胁时，必须报告美国海岸警卫队，报告内容有相应的表格。由于()PA，90强制要求船舶指定一家QI为船舶提供防油污染服务，涉及防止油污染事物，美国海岸警卫队通常是通过QI而不直接与当事船舶联系。
·船上减轻排放的程序：根据不同的事件，分别推荐不同的应急措施。
·岸上应急活动：包括沿岸各州、当地政府及有关方信息，此信息必须包含指导船长如何组织人员响应事件，附录部分也许还包含指定区域的详细信息。
·附录：必须包括每天24小时都能联系到的联系人、代理、负责接收及处理事件的沿岸州主管机关官员名单以及它们的电话、电传及传真号码。因为随时可能变化，这些信息要保持日常更新。
此外，()PA’90要求船舶每五年更新油污应急计划。
2 QI
QI，就是承办防止和清除油污染事物的船舶代理公司，业务包括：
·帮助委托船舶的船长了解和遵守美国的防止油污染的法律、规则；
演习：
·协调委托船舶与美国海岸警卫队之间的关系：
·代理委托船舶向美国海岸警卫队报告油污染或潜在威胁事件：
·一旦船舶发生或可能发生油污染事件，帮助委托船舶采取措施控制或减少排放减轻油污损害．还可以帮助委托船舶清理油污。
因此，对于靠泊美国港口和航行于美国海域的船舶，熟悉美国的QI非常重要。 3保持美国OPA’90要求的船舶油污应急计划有效性
3．1船舶责任
为了保持船上美国OPA’90要求的船舶油污应急计划有效，船舶必须按规定报告到达和离开、油污染或潜在威胁等，并进行要求的演习。
3．1．1 到达和离开报告
船舶到达和离开美国水域，必须报告美国海岸警卫队，否则会导致船舶被推迟进港或离开。
报告方式，通常使用到达或离开电子通知格式(EIN()1)／A)。
EN()I)／A不应包含要求QI帮助的任何信息。若需要帮助，QI有为提供帮助专用的E—MAIL地址。
船舶可选择分发一份．EN()I)／A给QI，以便于QI跟踪船舶在美国水域的进程。QI会将船舶的EN()【)／A保存在船舶的航次记录里备用。
Q1只需要EN()【)／A信息，不需要其它如船位报告、正午报告、装卸货报告、加油报告等信息。
3．1．2报告油污染或潜在威胁
靠泊美国港口和航行于美国海域的船舶，发生油污染或潜在威胁时，要及时报告美国海岸警卫队。若船舶没及时向有关部门报告，将会受到相应处罚。
必须通过QI向美国海岸警卫队报告油污染或潜在威胁。QI会帮助船舶判断是否需要向CSCG或有关机构报告，确保不违反美国相关法律。若需要报告，QI将尽快代船舶报告。 船舶发生油污或潜在威胁时，报告流程见图1。
需要报告的油污染或潜在威胁事件，可能包括：
·浸没和灌沉。
·船体，变形、裂缝等。
·碰撞，甚至包括与拖轮重的撞击；或很重的搁浅，甚至包括船底触碰船坞。 ·爆炸，着火。
·人员伤病。 。
·溢油，包括足以流到船外的任何数量的溢油。
·影响船舶安全(可能导致油污染)的过度倾斜。
·防油污染系统故障。
·机器和设备(操舵系统，副机，消防泵．救生艇．达，无线电，罗经，货物处理设备等)故障，等。
为能很好地帮助船舶，QI可能会问到的问题有：
·报告人基本信息——姓名，电话号码，传真号码，E—MAIL地址或其他的通信方式，等。
·船舶基本信息——船名，IM0号码，保赔协会成员(P&I(；lub membership)，等。 ·时间和空问——日期、时间、精确船位，等。
·情况概述——溢油的类和数量，船舶受损情况．人员伤亡情况，等。
·其它有关信息。
3．1_3 演习
靠泊美国港口和航行于美国海域的船舶，除按SOLAS公约的要求每月举行船上应急演习和训练．和按照MARPOL公约附则I的要求至少每年一次溢油演习，且船上必须保留演习记录(常记录在船舶日志)外，还必须按联邦和地方相关法规要求，举行临时演习(unannounced drill)，和三方桌面溢油演习，
(1)临时演习
阿拉斯加州、华盛顿州、俄勒冈州、加利福尼亚州等，美国海岸警卫队官员可能上船要求举行一次临时演习(unannounced d“11)。
演习的主要目的，是让船长知道如何联系OI。
非常重要的是，船长千万不要推迟演习时间。
船长必须立即电话通知QI，已有官员到船，要求船舶进行一次临时演习。这点非常重要，因为对于临时演习和常规的(QI通知的)演习，QI的应对程序不一样，若使QI误认为这是一次常规的(QI通知的)演习，可能导致这次演习失败，船舶可能遭受罚款。
船长
QI或替代Ql
美国海岸警卫队
响应中心
1—800—424—8802或
J一202—267—2675
无法联系QI
或替代0I
船东／经营者
港口代理
(若船在港内)
溢油清除组织
美国海岸警卫
队现场协调员
联邦环保局或
其他机构
溢油管理队
(若需要)
船蓖f经蓉J＼
船旗国当局
船舶保赔
协会代表
其它保险代表
货主／租家
图l 油污染或潜在威胁船舶报告流程图
船舶保持(美国)油污应急计划有效性与美国的QI会遵照特殊程序帮助船舶完成临时演习，QI指挥中心会问一些问题并作相关的记录。
事后，演习情况最好用电话报告QI，也可使用E—mail或传真。
若船舶持有巴拿马运河的油污应急计划，则每年有两次临时演习，均需将演习情况报告巴拿马的QI。
(2)三方桌面溢油演习
0PA’90规定．持有美国0PA’90要求的船舶油污应急计划和加利福尼亚州船舶油污应急计划的船舶，每年至少一次三方桌面溢油演习(Spill Managemen!‘Feam一‘Fabletop Exercise：)，即船、岸、美国海岸警卫队之间的联合溢油演习，美国的QI也需参加。 演习步骤：
①船舶，用相应的报告表格，向QI报告假设的溢油情况：
②QI，联系美国海岸警卫队协调员，协商处理油污事宜：
③清污工作，一般由QI处理，做好记录。
3．2船东和船舶经营人责任
保持美国0PA’90要求的船舶油污应急计划有效性，虽然船舶必须按规定报告到达和离开以及进行演习，但主要责任人是船东或船舶经营人。
船东或船舶经营人，至少必须做到以下三点。
①每五年，提前6个月提交按照()PA’90要求更新的船舶油污应急计划。
②每年评审0PA’90要求的船舶油污应急计划。
油污应急计划变更
若有下列变化之一，必须在三方桌面溢油演习之后或提交油污应急计划周年之前30天，提交新的船舶油污应急计划申请美国海岸警卫队认可：
·船东或船舶经营人改变；
·船舶装油容积或布局改变：
·船舶结构导致整条船舶容积的改变。
若有下列项目改变之一，船舶经营人必须通知美国海岸警卫队以及油污应急计划其他持有者：
·船舶经营性质或经营区域改变；
·油系统改变：
·应急响应程序改变：
·改换QI；
·与委托的溢油清除组织的合约改变或委托的溢油清除组织的能力改变。
4船舶如何与QI公司联系
美国有许多QI公司，比较有名的例如0()PS公司、CSI公司等。
对于航行在美国海域或挂靠美国港口的船舶，船东会为船舶申请一家QI公司。
QI公司的不同部门处理不同事务，联系地址也不一样。为确保及时得到正确的同应，船长应当根据事件的不同性质，选择适当的方式，联系不同部门。
QI的联系信息可能变化，船长应特别注意跟踪，方法可能包括：
·新就任船舶，确认本船的QI，并试联系一次，请该OI发来相关联系信息；
·经常短期离开又返回美国的船舶，定期(例如每3一'／-~q)向服务本船的QI索取相关联系信息；
^．离开美国时间较长(例如超过3个月)返回美国的船舶，抵美国港口前向服务本船的QI索取相关联系信息。
下面以()OPS公司为例．介绍船舶如何根据自己具体情况联系QI公司。
(1)电话
船舶遇紧急事件。船长可在任何时问直接与指挥巾心电话联系，电话+19857810804。
(2)电子邮件
0’Brien 0il Pollution Set-vice。Inc公司的不同部门的电子邮件地址如下：
·noad@oopsusa．com。用于通知到达／离开：
·commandcenter@oopsusa．com，用于溢油或其他紧急信息：
·Ql—exercise@oopsusa．con，不需话音证实的演习通知：
·vI~@oopsusa．con．用于船舶油污应急计划，但巴拿马运河船舶油污应急计划(SOPEP)除外；
。pesopep@oopsusa．eom，用于巴拿马运河船舶油污应急计划(SOPEP)；
·coil-@oopsusa．com，用于支付能力证明；
·inquir3,@oopsusa．com．用于询问应该发往哪里。
5 结束语
美国联邦及各州的特殊法规及规则很多。靠泊美国港口或航行于美国海域船舶的船长．可能因不甚了解这些特殊的法规和规则而遭处罚。QI能够帮助船长解决这些问题。靠泊美国港口或航行于美国海域船舶，必须聘请一家合格的QI并且知道该QI的联系方式和报告程序．以保持美国油污应急计划有效性和确保不违反美国法规。
第二篇：国际船舶油污应急计划_(完整版) 39400字
国际船舶
安全管理体系 文件
船舶油污应急计划
SHIPBOARD OIL POLLUTION EMERGENCY PLAN
THIS SHIPBOARD OIL POLLUTION EMERGENCY PLAN WAS DEVELOPED
UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THE MARPOL 73/78 CONVENTIONS AND
THE GUIDELINES OF RESOLUTION MEPC.54(32).
船 舶 油 污 应 急 计 划
SHIPBOARD OIL POLLUTION EMERGENCY PLAN
船 名 NAME OF SHIP
国际海事组织编号 IMO NO
船 型 TYPE OF SHIP
船 旗 FLAG OF SHIP
船 籍 港 PORT OF REGISTRY
船 东 SHIP’S OWNER
船 舶 管 理 公 司 MANAGEMENT
修 改 记 录
Record of Revision
船 舶 概 况
SHIP’S PARTICULARS
船名： 呼号：
M/V: CALL SIGN : 船籍港： 船舶种类：
PORT OF REGISTRY KIND OF VESSEL: 船体材料： 建造日期：
WHEN BULLT: 造船地点： 造船厂名：
WHERE BUILT: NAME OF BUILDER: 型长 型 宽 型深
LENGTH: BREADTH DEPTH 总吨： 净吨
GROSS TONNAGE :
主机： 种类 数目 功率 马力
MAIN ENGINE KIND: BHP
船舶所有人名称：
船舶所有人地址：
船舶管理人：
OPERATOR: 地址：
ADD:
前 言
INTRODUCTION
1． 本计划根据《经19xx年议定书修订的19xx年国际防止船舶造成污染公约的19xx年
议定书》附则1第37条规定和环保会MEPC.54(32)号决议通过的编制导则以及MEPC.86(44)号决议通过的导则修正案的相关内容以及A.851(20)决议通过的《船舶报告制度及报告要求总则》并参照OMCS“船上油污应急计划编写指南”（1999）的要求编写。
This plan is written in accordance with the requirements of regulation 37 of Annex I the protocol of 1997 to amend the International Convention for the prevention of pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating thereto and MEPC. 54 (32) guide for editing shipboard oil pollution emergency plan and MEPC.86(44) amendment and A.851(20) for< ship reporting system and ship reporting requirements> and according to OMCS" guide for shipboard oil pollution emergency plan"(1999)
2． 本计划意在当船舶发生或可能发生污染事故采取有关措施时，为船长或船上负责人员
提供指导。
The purpose of the plan is to provide guidance to the master and officers on board the ship with respect to the steps to be taken when a pollution incident has occurred or is likely to occur.
3． 本计划包括“指南”所要求的所有资料和操作程序。附录包括所有与计划有关联的联系人
的姓名、电传号码等，以及其他有关资料。
The plan contains all information and operational instructions required by the Guidelines, The appendices contain names , telephones, telex numbers, etc, of all contacts referred in the plan, as well as other reference material.
4． 本计划业经主管机关批准，除下例情况下，未经主管机关许可，不得对其任何部分作
改变和修订。
This plan had been approved by the Administration and , except as provided below,
no alteration or revision shall be made to any part of it without the prior approval of the Administration
5． 修改第5节和附录不必经主管机关批准。附录中的船舶所有人、营运人和经营人，必
须为最新情况。
Changes to Section 5 and the appendices will not be required to be approved by the Administration ,The appendices should be maintained up to date by the owners, operators and managers.
章 节 目 录
INDEX OF SECTION
章节 标题
SECTION TITLE
1
2
2．1
2．2
2．3
3
3．1
3．2
4
5
序言 Preamble 报告要求 Reporting requirement 何时报告 When to report 所需资料 Information required 向谁联系 Who to contact 控制排放的措施 Steps to control discharge 操作性溢油 Operational spills 由海损所致溢油 Spills resulting form casualties 国家和地方协作 National and local co-ordination 补充资料（非强制性） Additional information (non-mandatory)
附件
APPENDICES
A 流程图
Summary flowchart
B 溢油应急设备和器材清单
C
D
E
E-1
E-2
List of oil spill response equipment and materials 防止油污训练记录 Record of oil pollution prevention drills 有关图纸资料 Record plans and drawings 联系人名单 List of persons to be contacted 沿海国联系人一览表 List of coastal State contacts 船舶重要联系人一览表 List of ship interest contacts
第一章
SECTION 1
第一章
SECTION 序 言 PREAMBLE 1
序言 PREAMBLE
1．本计划适用于帮助船员处理意外的排油，其主要目的是采取必要的措施，以控制或减少排放减轻其危害。该计划不仅适用于操作性溢油，还包括帮助船长应付船舶发生的事故性排放时所需的指导。
The plan is available to assist personnel in dealing with an unexpected discharge of oil Its primary purpose is to set in motion the necessary actions to stop or minimize the discharge and to mitigate its effects, The plan must go beyond providing for operational spills It must include guidance to assist the master in meeting the demands of a catastrophic discharge should the ship become involved in one.
1．1 本计划附录B中附有一个以国际海事组织制订的指南为基准，把船上人员对油污作出应急反应的行动加以概括的简明流程图，预想的各项措施是为帮助船上人员采取行动，以制止或最大限度地控制油类排放和减轻油污染影响。这些措施可分为两类——报告与行动。其指导船长在事故中，应用简明流程图和检查表，实施所必需的各种措施和决定，以增强反应能力，减少差错和失误。
A summarizing flowchart at Appendix B of the plan is an outline of the course of action that shipboard personnel should follow in responding to an pollution emergency based on the Guidelines developed by the Organization The steps are designed to assist ship personnel in actions to stop or minimize the discharge of oil and mitigate its effects, There steps fall into two main categories –reporting and action Use of summarizing flowcharts or checklists to guide the master through the various actions and decisions required during an incident response is highly encouraged These can reduce error and oversight during emergency situations.
1．2 有关船舶、货物等资料文件，列于本计划附录D中，应避免随处乱放。这样，船上人中就不会因为寻找计划中需用的资料而分散精力，
Inclusion of information on the ship , cargo etc , should be avoided as this is generally available everywhere ,it should be kept to Appendix D of the plan where it will not dilute the ability of ship’s personnel to locate operative parts of the plan.
1．3 本计划是船长和船上其他高级船员在船上使用的一个文件，因此须用船长和高级船
员的工作语言来编写，如果船长和高级船员的更换随之产生他们工作语言上的变化，那么必须用新的语言重新编写本计划。
The plan is a document used on board by master and officers of the ship, It must therefore be available in the working language of the master and officers. A change in the master and officers which brings about an attendant change in their working language would require the issue of the plan in the new language.
1．4 本计划应定期进行评估、检查和修改，使计划更确切、实用、易于操作，并使岸上和船上的船舶管理人员都能理解。
The plan must be evaluated , reviewed , it should be updated regularly ; and realistic , practical , and easy to use and should be understood by ship management personnel both on board and ashore.
第 二 章
SECTION 2
报 告 要 求
第二章 REPORTING REQUIREMENT 报告要求
SECTION 2 ： REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
2 本章为船长或负责管理本船的其他人员，按照73/78防污公约第8条及议定书1
的要求，以国际海事组织制订的指南为基准，在报告油污事故时所应遵循的等程序。
The section is a procedure to be followed by the master or other persons having charge of the ship to report an oil pollution incident , as required in Article 8 and protocol I of MARPOL 73/78 based on guidelines developed by IMO.
2．1 何时报告
when to report
2．1．1 根据73/78防污公约第8条及议定书1的规定，当船舶发生实际的排放或可能发生的排放时，应毫不迟延地通过当时可利用的最快的电信通信渠道，并尽可能最优先地报告最近的沿海国。该规定的意图，在于确保任何事故所引起的污染或对海洋环境的污染损害，及其援助和救助措施，被及时通知沿海国，以便沿海国采取相应的行动。
Article 8 and protocol 1 of MARPOL 73/78 provides that the nearest coastal state be notified of actual or probable discharges The intent of this requirement is to ensure that coastal States are informed without delay ,of any incident giving rise to pollution or threat of pollution of the marine environment , as well as of assistance and salvage measures , so that appropriate action may be taken.
2．1．2 实际的排放
Actual discharge
涉及下述情况时，便应向最近的沿海国做出报告。
A report to the nearest coastal State is required whenever there is ;
1 由于船舶或其设备受损，或为保障船舶安全和海上救助人命所致排油；或
A discharge of oil resulting form damage to the ship or its equipment , or for
the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life at sea or
2 船舶运行时，油类的排放超出73/78防污公约所允许的浓度。
A discharge during the operation of the ship of oil in excess of the quantity or
instantaneous rate permitted under MARPOL 73/78
2．1．3 可能发生的排放；
probable discharge
当因船舶或其设备损坏而有引起排放的可能时，亦应向最近的沿海国做出报
告。在判断是否存在这种可能和是否需做出报告时，应考虑下列因素；
If there is a probable discharge resulting form damage to the ship or its
equipment , a report to the nearest coastal State is required , In judging
whether there is such a probability and whether the report should be made,
the following factors as a minimum should be taken into account.
1 船舶，机器或设备故障，失灵或损坏的性质；
The nature of the damage , failure or breakdown of the ship machinery or
equipment
2 船位和就近的陆地或其它航行危险物；
ship location and proximity to land or other navigational hazards;
3 天气、潮汐、海流和海况；和
weather tide current and sea state ; and
4 通航密度
traffic density
2．1．3．1 对于需要报告的涉及可能引起排放的各种事故，下准确的定义是不切实
际的，通常情况下，当涉及下述情况时，船长便应作出报告；
It is impracticable to lay down precise definitions of all types of situations
involving probable discharge which would warrant as obligation to
report As a general guideline the master should make a report in cases
of .
1 影响船舶安全的故障、失灵或受损；例如；船舶碰撞、搁浅、火灾、爆炸、
结构受损、进水、货物移动；和
damage failure or breakdown which affects the safety of ships examples of
such situations are collision , grounding fire explosion , structural failure ,
2
2．2
2．2．1
2．2．2 表 flooding , cargo shifting ; and 造成航行安全性下降的机器或设备的故障和受损；例如；舵机、推进器、发 电系统、关键的船载导航设备的故障和失灵事故。 Failure or breakdown of machinery or equipment which results in impairment of the safety of navigation ; examples of such incident are failure or breakdown of steering gear propulsion electrical generating system essential ship borne navigational aids 所需资料 Information required 报告格式应尽可能符合国际海事组织A。648（16）决议通过的《船舶报告制度及报告要求总则（包括涉及危险货物，有害物质和/或海洋污染物事故报告指南）》的要求。在本计划表1中列有向沿海国最初报告的格式样本。 The format is consistent with the General principles for ship reporting systems and ship reporting Requirement, including Guideline for Reporting Incidents Involving Dangerous Goods, Harmful substances and /or Marine pollutants , adopted as resolution A.648(16)by IMO, and should be followed so far as possible , An example initial report form sent to the government of the coastal State should be included in Table I of the plan. 在最初报告被传递之后，应尽量在补充的报告中提供有关人命安全、船舶和海洋环境保护等资料，以使沿海国了解事件的发展情况。补充的报告或随后的进一步报告，也应尽可能使用同样的格式。 After transmission of the information in an initial report , as much as possible of the information essential for the safeguarding of life and the protection of the ship and the marine environmet should be reported in a supplementary report to the coastal State , in order to keep them informed of the situation as the incident develops .Supplementary or follow-up reports should as far as possible use the same format. 1
TABLE 1
2．3 向谁联系
Who to contact
2．3．1 发生污染事故的船舶，必需与沿海国或港口联系人以及船舶重要联系人进行通
讯联系。
The ship involved in a pollution incident will have to communicate with both coastal State or port contacts and ship interests contacts.
2．3．2 沿海国联系人，
coastal State contacts
1 为增强反应能力和最大限度地减少事故的污染损害，应毫不迟延地通知相应的沿
海国。
In order to expedite response and minimize damage from a pollution it is essential that appropriate coastal States be notified without delay.
2 本计划附录E-1中列有负责受理和处理报告的主管机关的官员或代理人的名单。
This plan includes as Appendix E-1 list of agencies or, officials of administrations responsible for receiving and processing reports.
3 如与主管机关直接联系会导致不必要的迟延时，船长应以尽可能快的方法与最近
的海岸电台，指定的船舶报告站或海上搜救协作中心联系。
Where the responsible authority can not be contacted by direct means without delay , the master should contact the nearest coast radio station , designated ship movement reporting station or Rescue Co-ordination Center(RCC) by the quickest available means.
2．3．3 港口相关联系人
port contacts appropriate
1 对于在港船舶来说，通知当地代理人将能得到快速反应。
For ships in port, notification of local agencies will speed response
2 本计划附录E-2中列有船舶定期抵达港的代理人的名单。
List of agencies on regularly visited ports should be included as an Appendix E-2
to the plan
2．3．4 船舶重要联系人
ship interest contacts
1 本计划附录E-3中列有事故后所需通知的与船舶有重要利害关系的所有方面的名
单（船公司、保险公司和救助单位）。
This plan includes as Appendix E-3 list of all parties with an interest in the ship to
be advised in the event of an incident (ship’s owner , insurers , and salvage
interests).
2 所有送达给沿海国和/或港口当局的详细报告和电文副本，均应报送船公司。
All further report and copies of messages sent to coastal States and /or port
authorities should be sent to the company.
2．3．5 应考虑到联系人的更换，有关电话，电传，传真号码的变动，这些栏目必须经
常地更新。
These details must be routinely updated to take account of personnel changes
and changes in telephone, telex, and fax numbers.
第三章
SECTION 3
控制排放的措施
STEPS TO CONTROL DISCHARGE
第三章 控制排放的措施
SECTION 3: STEPS TO CONTROL DISCHARGE
3 本章为确保符合73/78防污公约附则1第26条规定而编制的有关控制排放的措施,指导船长如何在各种情况下迅速采取措施,以减少和控制船上的排油.
The section is compiled with the steps of control discharge in order to ensure in accordance with regulation 26 of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78, provide guidance to captain how to control and mitigate oil discharge form their ships in various situation.
3.0 船舶人员几乎始终处于迅速采取措施以减轻和控制船上排油的最佳位置.
ship’s personnel will always be in the best position to take quickly action to mitigate or control the discharge of oil from their ship
1 无论什么时候,一旦船舶发生溢油事故,船上值班人员一经发现,应立即报告船长或船
上其他负责人.
Whenever an oil spill occurs on board , ship’s crew on duty should report to the captain or responsible officer as soon as possible
2 船上或船上其他负责人接到报告后,应立即发出溢油报警信号(·- - ·),组织全船人员
实施应急反应.
The captain or responsible officer should send out spillage alarming signal immediately (·—·—),and organize all crew put into emergency response
3 船上实施溢油事故应急反应的组织结构形式如下;
shipboard organization structure form of implement emergency response of oil spill as follows.
4 所有船员都应熟知其在发生溢油事故时的职责分工。船员在实施溢油事故应急反应中
的职责，按公司制定的“溢油反应部署表”（见表2）执行。
All crew should be familiar with their own division of labor when oil spill occurs . The responsibility of crew implementing spillage emergency response carry out in accordance with ―Emergency list for shipboard oil spillage‖(see Table 2)which is made by the company.
表2 溢油应变部署表
溢油报警信号：·— —· 船员集合地点：主甲板
Table 2
Emergency list for shipboard oil spillage
3.1 操作性溢油：本节列有船舶对操作性溢油采取特殊应急措施的资料。包括控制管系泄漏，燃油舱满溢和船壳破裂引起的溢油减至最低限度的程序。
Operational oil spill ; This section contains the information of special emergency measures which the crew can be used for dealing with operational oil spill Including the procedures for controlling and mitigating the spillage which is caused by pipeline leakages , bunker tank overflows and hull leakages to lowest limited .
3．1．1 管系泄漏：船舶在加装燃油作业期间，因管系泄漏而发生溢油，应立即采取以下措施；
pipeline leakages ; during bunkering fuel oil, when oil overflows happened by pipeline leakages , measures should be implemented immediately.
1 立即停止有关操作，关闭管系上的所有阀门。
Stop bunkering operations concerned immediately , and close all manifold valves. 2 发生溢油报警信号，实施最初的溢油应急反应程序。
Send out the spillage alarming signal , and initiate emergency response procedures. 3 将事故情况通知供油船（设施）。
Inform supplying boat (facilities) about the incident
进一步的措施是：
Further measures
4 查明泄漏原因，进行清除溢油和甲板上积油的工作；
Ascertain the reason of leakage , and initiate oil spill removal and verify
containment ;
5 将破裂管系中的油驳入空油舱或其它燃油舱；
Drain affected section of pipeline into an empty tank or another fuel tank.
6 清理中收集的残油应妥为保管，以待日后处理；
Ensure that any residues collected by the clear up operation are stored carefully
prior to disposal
7 如果溢油量较大，仅由本船船员组织反应难以获得理想效果，应通过代理联系当地
的清洁队伍予以协助。
If the amount of oil spilled is larger , it is difficult to achieve good results only response by ship’s personnel , should coordinate shore side clean-up team by means of agent.
一份拟采取措施的检查表，见表3
A check list that action to be taken identified in Table 3.
溢油妥善处理后，必须得到当地主管当局的允许，方能继续进行正常作业。
After dealing with the cause of the spill it may be necessary to obtain permission from
local authorities to continue normal operations.
表 3 管 系 泄 漏
TABLE 3: PLPELLNE LEAKAGE
3．1．2 舱柜满溢：船舶在加装燃油作业期间，因舱柜满溢而发生溢油，应立即采取以下措施：
Tank overflowing :: During bunkering fuel oil, overflows happened by tank overflowing measures should be implemented immediately .
1 立即停止有关操作，关闭管系上的所有阀门：
Stop bunkering operations concerned immediately , and close all manifold valves:
2 发出溢油报警信号，实施最初的溢油应急反应程序；
Send out the spillage alarming signal , and initiate emergency response
procedures.
3 将事故情况通知供油船（设施）。
Inform supplying boat(facilities) about the incident .
进一步的措施是：
Further measures
4 将满溢舱内的燃油驳入空油舱或其它燃油舱。
Drain affected section of overflowing tank into an empty tank or another fuel tank 5 进行清除溢油和甲板上积油的工作。
Initiate oil spill removal and verify containment .
6 清理中收集的残油应妥为保管，以待日后处理；
Ensure that any residues collected by the clean up operation are stored carefully
prior to disposal.
7 如果溢油量较大，仅由本船船员组织反应难以获得理想效果，应通过代理联系当
地的清洁队伍予以协助。
If the amount of oil spilled is larger , it is difficult to achieve good results only
responses by ship’s personnel, should coordinate shore side clean-up team by
means of agent.
一份拟采取措施的检查表，见表4。
A check list that action to be taken identified in Table 4
溢油妥善处置后，必须得到当地主管当局的允许，方能继续进行正常作业
After dealing with the cause of the spill it may be necessary to obtain permission from local authorities to continue normal operations.
表4 舱 柜 满 溢
TABLE 4: TANK OVERFLOWING
3．1．3 船体泄漏：在加装燃油作业期间，如发现在邻近于船舶的水面上有油，并且查不出任何溢油的迹象，则应怀疑是船体泄漏，应立即采取以下措施：
Hull leakage : if oil is noticed on the water near the vessel during bunkering fuel oil and cannot be accounted for, the possibility of hull leakage should be suspected , Measures should be implemented immediately.
1 立即停止有关操作，关闭管系上的所有阀门：
Stop bunkering operations concerned immediately , and close all manifold valves:
2 发出溢油报警信号，实施最初的溢油应急反应程序；
Send out the spillage alarming signal , and initiate emergency response
procedures.
3 将事故情况通知供油船（设施）。
Inform supplying boat(facilities) about the incident .
4 查明泄漏原因的同时，进行溢油的清除工作。
Ascertain cause of casualty , and initiate oil spill removal and verify containment . 5 如破漏点在水线以下，应请潜水员做进一步的调查。
If the leakage is located below the waterline , call in drivers for further
investigation.
6 查出破漏原因后，将该油舱中的油驳入空油舱或其它燃油舱。
Drain affected section of leaking tank into an empty tank or another fuel tank .
7 如可能的话，可考虑通过泵将海水泵入受损油舱的破口处，以形成一个水垫，防
止更多的油流失。
Consider possibility of pumping water into the leaking tank to create a water
cushion to prevent further oil loss ;
8 如果溢油量较大，仅由本船船员组织反应难以获得理想效果，应通过代理联系当
地的清洁队伍予以协助。
If the amount of oil spilled is larger , it is difficult to achieve good results only
responses by ship’s personnel, should coordinate shore side clean-up team by
means of agent.
溢油妥善处置后，必须得到当地主管当局的允许，方能继续进行正常作业。一份拟采取措施的检查表，见表5。
After dealing with the cause of the pill it may be necessary to obtain permission from local authorities to continue normal operations. A check list that action to be taken identified in Table 5
表 5 船 体 泄 漏 TABLE 5: HULL LEAKAGE
3.2 由海损所致溢油
Spills resulting from casualties
3．2．1 本节列有船上为控制下列海事：搁浅、火灾/爆炸、碰撞、船壳破损、严重横倾导致的溢油减至最低限度所采取的特殊措施的资料。
This section contains the information of special measures which the crew can be used for controlling and mitigating the spillage which is caused by grounding , fire/explosion , collision hull failure, excessive list to lowest limited.
3．2．1．1 搁浅：如果船舶发生搁浅，应采取以下措施：
Grounding : If the ship runs aground ,
1 发出应急警报，实施应急反应程序。
Sound the emergency alarm and initiate emergency response procedures.
2 校测船舶的搁浅位置，测量四周水深，确定搁浅部位，了解搁浅水域底质当
地的气象和潮流潮汐情况：
Ascertain vessel’s position , take sounding around the vessel , determine the
place where was grounded , collect the seabed material and local weather
forecast and drift and tide information .
3 测量所有燃油舱，淡水舱及与船壳邻近的其它舱室中的液位变化情况。
Survey the change situation of liquid level in all fuel tanks , fresh water tanks
and other compartments adjacent to the hull .
4 如发现船底破损进水，应查清破口部位和破损程度，并考虑到船体应力和稳
性的影响，决定是否采取排水堵漏，减载过驳或将破损油舱中的油驳入其它
舱室等措施，以避免进一步溢油。
If found water entering from damaged bottom , the position and extent of
damage should be ascertain , and taking into account the effects of hull stress
and stability , and decide weather or not to do any action to avoid further
spillage , such as discharging water , lighting load, transferring cargo or
transfer of oil from damaged to intact tanks , etc:
5 如果溢油量较大，仅由本船船员组织反应难以获得理想效果，应通过代理联
系当地清洁队伍予以协助。
If the amount of oil spilled is larger , it is difficult to achieve good results only
responses by ship’s personnel , should coordinate shore side clean-up team by
means of agent.
6 如果船舶尝试自行脱浅，应评估由些所造成的额外损坏情况是否大于停留在
原地直至获得援救。
If the vessel attempt to refloat it by its own means , the risk of additional
damage should be assessed to be greater than by remaining aground until
assistance has been obtained,.
一份拟采取措施的检查表，见表6。
A check list that action to be taken identified in Table 6.
表 6 搁 浅 TABLE 6 GROUNDING
3.2.1.2 火灾/爆炸：如果船上发生火灾或爆炸，应采取以下措施：
Fire/explosion : If an explosion or a fire occurs on board , measures should be
implemented immediately;
1 发出应急警报，实施应急反应程序；
Sound the emergency alarm and initiate emergency response procedures.
2 按本船“消防应急部署表”中规定的人员职责，组织船员动用各种消防来火器材
施救，力争控制住火势。
Responsible for organizing the crew to rescue using various of the fire
extinguishers , according to personnel responsibility provided by ―Emergency list
for shipboard extinguishing fire on board , content for getting the fire under
control.
3 迅速探明着火部位，查明火情，了解起火原因及火场周围有无易燃物品或爆炸物
品；
Ascertain the position of fire immediately , verify the situation of fire, find out the
reason of ignition and if there are combustible or explosive materials in the
vicinity of the fire;
4 调整船舶的航向，使着火部位处于下风位置（即：火在前部，顺风而行；火在后
部，迎风而行；火在中部，横风而行）；尽量减低航速和摇摆，避免急剧转向。
Altering course so that the position of fire is downwind of the ship(i.e. the fire at the
forward of ship , sailing with the wind the fire at the afterward of ship , sailing against the wind ; the fire at the middle part of ship, sailing with side wind),decreasing sailing – speed and roll as possible , avoiding change direction rapidly;
5 切断通入失火舱的油管和电路，关闭水密门窗和不必要的进风口，向失火舱室施
放二氧化碳气体，防止火势蔓延；
Shut down oil pipeline and electric line which lead to the fire side close watertight
doors and ventilators which is not necessary , discharging CO2 gas against fire , so as to prevent fire from spreading
6 如采用水消防系统连续长时间地向舱内冲水，最后会导致船身倾斜和倾复的危险，
比时要考虑将船驶至就近安全地点抢滩后继续施救；
If the fire area were flushed repeatedly with water extinguishing system for long
time lead to dangerous of vessel inclined and overturned finally , should consider
to run the vessel aground upon a proper area to go on rescue.
7 如发现本船有油外溢，应迅速查明溢油源，采取转驳措施，设法将破损燃油舱中
的燃油驳入其它完好舱室，并迅速采取控制排放的措施。
If the oil spillage were found spreading from the vessel , it should be find out
source of oil spill quickly , try to transfer of fuel oil from damaged to intact tanks ,
and take actions for controlling discharge immediately.
8 如果溢油量较大，仅由本船船员组织反应难以获得理想效果，应通过代理联系当
地清洁队伍予以协助。
If the amount of oil spilled is larger , it is difficult ,to achieve good results only
responses by ship’s personnel , should coordinate shore side clean-up team by
means of agent.
一份拟采取措施的检查表，见表7。
A check list that action to be taken identified in Table 7.
表 7 火 灾 / 爆 炸 TABLE 7 FIRE/EXPLOSION
3.2.1.3 碰撞； 如果船舶发生碰撞，应采取以下措施：
Collision : If a collision occurs measures should be implemented immediately. 1 发出应急警报，实施应急反应程序：
Sound the emergency alarm and initiate emergency response procedures
2 探明本船和他船的受损情况在未查明破口对船体稳性和强度影响前，应采取措施使
尚未脱离的两船碰撞部位，保持不分离；
Ascertain the damage situation of ships(measures should be taken for making colliding positions of two vessels to keep fixed. Before taking into account of the effects of hull stress and stability.)
3 测定碰撞位置附近的燃油舱，淡水舱，压载水舱，双层底及污水井中的油位和水深
变化情况，确定船体破损情况；
Survey the change situation of oil level and water deep in the fuel tanks , freshwater tanks , ballasting tanks , double bottom and bilge well which adjacent to the colliding place , ascertain the damage situation hull;
4 如发现船体破损进水，应立即查清破口部位和破损程度，评估对船舶的整体结构（应
力和稳性损失）的影响，可能的话，应采取排水，堵漏，补焊等抢救措施；
If find water entering from hull damaged , the position and extent of damage should be ascertained immediately , and taking into account the effects of hull structure(loss of stress and stability ),if possible , the measures such as discharging , leak sealing , patching weld ect should be taken.
5 如发现本船有油外溢，应迅速查明溢油源，采取转驳措施，设法将破损燃油舱中的
燃油驳入其它完好舱室，并迅速采取控制排放的措施。
If the oil spillage were found spreading from the vessel , it should be find out source
of oil spill quickly , try to transfer of fuel oil from damaged to intact tanks , and take actions for controlling discharge immediately.
6 如果溢油量较大，仅由本船船员组织反应难以获得理想效果，应通过代理联系当地
清洁队伍予以协助。
If the amount of oil spilled is larger , it is difficult ,to achieve good results only
responses by ship’s personnel , should coordinate shore side clean-up team by means of agent.
一份拟采取措施的检查表，见8。
A check list that action to be taken identified in Table 8.
表 8 碰撞
TABLE 8 COLLISION
3.2.1.4 船壳破损： 如果船舶遭受严重的船壳结构损坏，应采取以下措施：
Hull failure : If the vessel suffers severe structural hull failure , measures should be
implemented immediately.
1 发出应急警报，实施应急反应程序。
Sound the emergency alarm and initiate emergency response procedures.
2 应迅速查明船壳的破损情况，测定破口位置附近的燃油舱，淡水舱，压载水舱，双
层底及污水井中的油位和水深变化情况，观察船舶周围海面是否有油花产生；
Ascertain the damage situation of ship’s hull immediately , survey the charge situation of oil level and water deep in the fuel tanks , fresh water tanks , ballasting tanks , double bottom and bilge well which adjacent to the damaged open watch whether there is oil trace on the surface of water around the vessel .
3 查清船壳的破口部位和破损程度，计算大量进水所产生的自由液面对稳性的影响；
如条件许可，应迅速采取排水，堵漏，补焊等抢救措施，尽最大的努力保持船舶的浮力。
Ascertain the position of damaged open and extent hull damage , calculate the effects of stability which produced by a large quantity of inlet water ; if the condition permitted , should take measures of discharging , leak sealing , weld patching ,ect , for keeping vessel’s buoyancy as best as one can.
4 评估船舶的破舱稳性和受损的纵向强度，根据船舶的稳性情况，通过适当调整船舶
的压载，保持船舶的正浮和静水平衡。
Assess the damage stability and damaged longitudinal strength of the vessel , according the stability situation of the vessel , through adjusting ballast appropriately , keep the buoyancy and hydrostatic balance of the vessel.
5 如发现本船有油外溢，应迅速查明溢油源，采取转驳措施，设法将破损燃油舱中的
燃油驳入其它完好舱室，并迅速采取控制排放的措施。
If the oil spillage were found spreading from the vessel , it should be find out source of oil spill quickly , try transfer of fuel oil from damaged to intact tanks , and take actions for controlling discharge immediately.
6 如果溢油量较大，仅由本船船员组织反应难以获得理想效果，应通过代理联系当地
清洁队伍予以协助。
If the amount of oil spilled is larger , it is difficult to achieve good results only responses by ship’s personnel , should coordinate shore side clean-up team by means of agent;
7 如船舶有沉没危险不得已弃船时，应按“船舶应急部署表”中的要求做好各项工作。
If it has no choice but to give up the vessel due to the dangerous of sink, it should be done every works according to ―Muster station‖.
一份拟采取措施的检查表， 见表9。
A check list that action to be taken identified in Table 9.
表 9 船壳破损
TABLE 9 HULL FAILURE
3.2.1.5 严重横倾：如果船舶意外地发生严重横损，可能是由于船壳破损，两舱同时的舱壁破损，不正确的货物装卸，驳油压载作业及机舱进水自由液面影响等，应立即采取以下措施；
Excessive list : If excessive list occurs rapidly and unexpectedly it may be due to failure of the hull plating , failure of an internal bulkhead between compartments , incorrect loading or unloading of cargo , shift of cargo , ballasting operations and flooding of the engine room , free surface influence , ect , measures should be implemented immediately.
1 停止有关作业；
Stop operations concerned.
2 发出应急警报，集合全体船员；
Sound the emergency alarm and initiate emergency response procedures.
3 如在航行中，则应调整航向航速，使船舶顶风航行，尽量减少横摇角度；
If on sailing , should adjust course and speed , make the sailing against wind , and
do the best to decrease angle of horizontal shake;
4 关闭一切水密门，窗和甲板开口，防止上浪时水加剧横倾；
Close all watertight doors, windows and deck opens, prevent aggravating list by
flooding and wave.
5 机舱应尽力保证主副机，舵机等设备，处于绝对安全和良好的技术状态；
Do the best to ensure the main engine, auxiliary engine , steering gear , ect . in
good condition.
6 尽速查明引起船舶严重横倾的原因（船壳破损进水，舱内货物移动，船体一侧座
底等），针对查出的原因，采取适当的纠偏措施扶正船舶；
Ascertain the reason of excessive list as quickly as possible (i.e.: flooding from
failure of the hull plating , shift of cargo in tanks , grounding at one side of ship’s
bottom , etc),take corrective action to rectify the situation;
7
采用压水扶正船身的方法，应考虑到自由液面对稳性的影响，不能几个舱同时压；
可选择高眩侧双层底舱，先压前后两端的小舱，后压中部大舱；高舷侧双层底舱压满后如船身仍未扶正，可打出低舷侧双层底舱中的压载水（一般不宜将低舷侧双层底舱中的水直接移入高舷侧双层底，特别是在船体稳性欠佳时）。
If the measures were taken for rectifying the vessel by ballasting water, it should be consider the impact of free surface on stability , can not ballast water into several tanks at the same time ; may select the double bottom tank at higher side of the vessel , ballast water first into small tanks at two ends of the vessel , then ballast water into large tank at the middle of the vessel ; if the vessel can not be rectified when the double bottom tanks of higher side have been filling of water it can discharge ballast water from double bottom tanks of lower side of the vessel (generally, it can not transfer water directly , from double bottom tanks of lower side to ones of higher side , specially when the stability of vessel is not in good condition)
8 如发现本船有油外溢，应迅速查明溢油源，采取有关控制排放措施；
If the oil spillage were found spreading from the vessel , it should be find out source of oil spill quickly , try to transfer of fuel oil from damaged to intact tanks , and take actions for controlling discharge immediately.
9 如果溢油量较大，仅由本船船员组织反应难以获得理想效果，应通过代理联系当
地清洁队伍予以协助；
If the amount of oil spilled is larger , it is difficult to achieve good results only responses by ship’s personnel , should coordinate shore side clean-up team by means of agent;
一份拟采取措施的检查表，见表10。
A check list that action to be taken identified in Table 10.
表 10 严重横倾 TABLE 10 Excessive list
3.2.2 除了上述检查表和人员职责布置外，本节还向船长提供有关优先措施、稳心、应力影响及减载等方面指导。
In addition to the checklists and personnel duty assignments mentioned above , this section also provide the master with guidance concerning priority actions , stability and , stress considerations, and lightening .
3．2．2．1 优先措施：
Priority action;
1 对于事故的反应，船长优先考虑的是保证船舶和人员的安全，并采取措施，以
防止事故升级。在发生溢油的海损事故中，应即刻考虑防止火灾和爆炸的针对
性措施，例如改变航向，使船舶位于浮油的上风，关闭不必要的进风口等。如
果船舶因搁浅而不能操纵，应消除所有可能的火源，并采取措施防止易燃气体
进入居住舱室和机舱处所。当船舶可以操作时，船长应协同相应的岸上机构设
法把船舶移泊至较合适的位置，以便于能够进行应急修理或减载作业，或有利
于减小对任何特别敏感的海岸区域构成威胁（这种操作可能要受沿海国管辖）。
In responding to a casualty , the master’s priority will be to ensure the safety of
personnel and the ship and to take action to prevent escalation of the incident, in
casualties involving spills , immediate consideration should be given to measures
aimed at preventing fire and explosion, such as altering course so that the ship is
upwind of the slick , shutting down non-essential air intakes , ect , If the ship is
aground , and cannot therefore maneuver , all possible sources of ignition should
be eliminated and action taken to prevent flammable vapors entering
accommodation and engine –room spaces , when it is possible to maneuver , the
master , in conjunction with the appropriate shore authorities ,may consider
moving his ship to a more suitable location in order , for example, to facility
emergency repair work or lightning operations , or to reduce the threat posed to
any particularly sensitive shoreline area , such maneuvering may be subject to
coastal State jurisdiction.
2
船舶在考虑采取补救措施前，必须得到该船遭受损坏进行直观检查。油舱膨胀
3
3.2.2.2 余位探测孔栓塞和观测口不得任意开启，对此必须予以重视，尤其在船舶搁浅时，由此会使浮力受到损失。 Prior to considering remedial action , the master will need to obtain detailed information on the damage sustained by his ship ,visual inspection should be carried out and all cargo tanks , bunker tanks , and other compartments sounded , Due regard should be paid to the indiscriminate opening of allege plugs or sighting ports, especially when the ship is aground , as loss of buoyancy could result. 经评估船舶遭受损坏的状况，船长将能决定采取何种措施，以防止或减少进一步的溢油。当船底受损时，船舶将很快达到静水平衡，尤其是当损坏严重时，在这种情况下，可用于采取防范措施的时间往往是有限的。当油舱部位的有效舱壁受损时，燃油将直接迅速地泄放，直至达到静水平衡，随着油下部不断将油置换的进水速度的下降，油的泄放速度也逐渐趋向缓和溢油逐步得到控制。当损坏的程度和范围有限时，比如仅有一个或两个油舱受损。可以考虑船内的转驳，将破损舱内的燃油驳至完好的燃油舱。 Having assessed the damage sustained by the ship, the master will be in a position to decide what action should be taken to prevent or minimize further spillage , when bottom damage is sustained ,hydrostatic balance will be achieved fairly rapidly , especially if the damage is the sever , in which case she time available for preventive action will often be limited , when significant side is sustained in the way of oil tanks , cargo or bunkers will be released fairly rapidly until hydrostatic balance is achieved and the rate of release will then reduce and be governed by the rate at which oil is displaced by water flowing in under the oil ,when the damage is fairly limited and restricted ,for example , to one or two compartments. Consideration may be given to transferring oil internally from damaged to intake tanks. 稳性和应力影响：在对海损事故作出反应，采取措施以减缓溢油或使船舶脱浅时，应特别谨慎地考虑船体的稳性和应力。只有在充分考虑到船舶整体应力和稳性后，才能进行船内的转驳。如果船舶遭受极其严重的损坏，船内的转驳对
应力影响也许是无法估算的。为了评估破舱稳性和受损的纵向强度，必须与公司船技部门联系，以便到这些资料。
Stability and stress considerations :Great care in casualty response must be
taken to consider stability and stress when taking actions to mitigate the spillage of oil or to free the ship if ground , Internal transfers should be undertaken oily with a full appreciation of the likely impact on the ship’s overall stress and stability When the damage sustained is extensive , the impact of internal transfers on stress and stability may be impossible for the ship to assess .Contact may have be made with the technical department of the company in order that information can be provided so that damage stability and damaged longitudinal strength assessments may be made.
一份拟采取措施的检查表。见表11。
A check list that action to be taken identified in Table 11.
表 11 稳性和应力的估算 TABLE 11 EXCESSIVE LIST
3.2.2.3 减载：当船舶结构受到极其严重的损坏时，可能将全部或部分货物转驳至别一艘船上，这类作业需与沿海国主管机关联系。
Lightening :should the ship sustain extensive structural damage , it may be necessary to transfer all or part of the another ship ,These operations should be notified to the authority of the coastal State.
3．2．2．4 为便于对上述3。2。1节所述的情况作出反应，本计划将有关图纸资料（例如：船舶的总体布置平面图，机舱平面布置图等）列于附件之中（见附录A）。有关现时的货物，燃油及压载（包括数量，舱容等明细表）的资料，可从大副，轮机长处获得。 In order to have convenient response to the situations referred to in par,3.2.1 above –mentioned , certain drawings and ship-specific details such as , a layout of a general arrangement plan ,a tank plan , etc , is appended Appendix A. The current cargo , bunker and ballast information (including quantity and capacity of tanks .etc.)can available from place of Chief officer and Chief engineer.
第 四 章
SECTION 4
国家和地方协作
NATIONAL AND LOCAL CO-ORDINATION
第四章 国家和地方协作
SECTION 4: NATIONAL AND LOCAL CO-ORDINATION
4 本章节是抗御污染中，为使船上与国家及地方当局同行所需取得联系的程序和要点。
This section is procedures and point of contact on the ship for co-coordinating shipboard activities with national and local authorities in combating the pollution.
4．1 船舶与沿海国或其他有关部门快速，有效的协作，对于减少污染事故的危害影响是至关重要的。
Quick ,efficient co-ordination between the ship and coastal Stare or other involved parties become vital mitigating the effects of a pollution incident .
4．2 船舶发生污染事故之后，必须向沿海国或有关的港口报告。
If the ship is involved in a pollution incident reports must be made both to coastal State or port contacts.
4．3 由于各国及地方当局的性质和职责的不同，在国家之间甚至港口之间都有较大的不同，对于排放作出的反应的责任也有所不同。一些沿海国有负责的机构及时做出反应，随后向船东收费；而别一些沿海国将最初反应的责任落在船东的身上。在后者的情况下，船长，应运用本计划第三节提供的指导组织反应。
The identities and roles of various national and local authorities involved vary widely from State to state and even from port to port .Approaches to responsibility for discharge response also vary Some coastal States have agencies that take charge of response immediately and subsequently bill owner for the cost In other coastal States responsibility for initiating is placed on the ship owner In the case of the latter the master should use guidelines with Section3 of the plan to organize this response.
4．4 船舶在实施控制措施前，应与沿海国取得联系，以便获得其核准。
The ship should contact the coastal State for authorization prior to undertaking
mitigating actions.
第 五 章
SECTION 5
补 充 资 料
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
第五节 补充资料
SECTION 5 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
5 本章节有关资料，虽然不是73/78防污公约附则1第26条规定所要求的，但可能是船舶停靠港的港口当局所要求的，或是为了帮助船长处置应急状况而提供的。
The information of this section , although not required by regulation 26of MARPOL 73/78,Annex 1. may be required by local authorities in port visited by the vessel or it may be included to provide additional to the ship’s master when responding to an emergency situation.
5．1 应急设备。
Response equipment
1 本船设备油污清除器材情况，见本计划附录B“溢油应争设备和器材清单。”
Appendix B of the plan ―List of oil spill response equipment and Materials’ shows the materials.
2 在海上抗污染应急中，未经相应的沿海国批准，不得擅自使用化学消渍剂，当需使用围控和回收设备时，这项核准也是必需的。
No chemical agent should be used for response to pollution on the sea without authorization of the appropriate costal State and such authorization should also be required , when required for use of containment or recovery equipment .
5．2 保存记录
Record –keeping
1 由于任何事故其最后都涉及到责任，赔偿和补偿问题，因此船上对于所发生的污染事
故应作好完整的记录。
As with any other incident that will eventually involve liability ,compensation and reimbursement issues , he pollution incident on board should be recorded complete.
2 除了应记录船上已采取的所有措施外，还应记录同外部机构，船东和其他部门的通讯
联系，以及来往的决定和信息的简要等。
After from detailing all actions taken on board , records might include communications with outside authorities , owners, and other parties , as well as a brief summary of decisions and information passed and received.
3 船长应将有关油污事故情况记录在船上保留三年。
The master should keep the record of the oil removal operation in an oil pollution incident for three years.
4 对于溢油和船上所加装的燃油的油样，也应及时采集并妥为保存。
The samples of spilled oil and carried on board should be collected without delay and kept appropriate as well as .
5．3 计划的检查
Plan review
本计划应定期进行检查，以保证列于计划中的具体资料是现时的，应采用信息反馈系统，以便尽快获得变化的资料，并将这些资料纳入本计划，该反馈系统应包括以下两种方法：
The plan should be reviewed regular to ensure that the specific information contained therein is current ,A feedback system should be employed which will allow quick obtainment of changing information and incorporation of it into the plan , this feedback system should incorporate the following two means;
5-1
1 定期检查：至少每年对计划检查一次，以收集有关地方法律和规章，联系人姓名和
号码等方面的变化；
Periodic review :the plan should be reviewed at least yearly to capture changes in local or policy , contact names and numbers, etc.
2 事后检查：在事故应急使用本计划后，应对本计划的有效性予以评估，并做出相应
的修改。
Event review :after any use of the plan in response to an incident , its effectiveness should be evaluated and modifications made accordingly.
5．4 培训和演练
Training and drill.
1 如果使用计划的人员不熟悉计划，那么计划就没有多大的价值，定期演练，将保证
计划起到预期的作用。
The plan will be of little value if it is not made familiar to the personnel who will use it ,Regular exercises will ensure that the plan functions as expected.
2 这种演练可同船上的其它演练结合起来合并进行，并作好相应的记录（见本计划附
录C）。
Such exercises may be held in conjunction with other shipboard exercises and appropriately logged (see Appendix C of the plan ).
3 本船船员每半年必须进行一次培训或演练。
Ship-related persons should be involved in the training and drill at least once in half year.
5．5 对船长涉及向新闻媒介发布信息的指导，参见公司的有关公关政策。
Guidance for the master in dealing with the distribution of information to the news media may see public affairs of the company.
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