Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS Lesson Ten
Part One: Brief Introduction to Report Writing
图表作文写作技巧指引
一、 图表类型
二、 要点分析
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS
A. 表格图
1横向比较: 介绍横向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势
2纵向比较:介绍纵向各个数据的区别，变化和趋势
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说明：考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。
B. 曲线图
1极点说明: 对图表当中最高的，最低的点要单独进行说明
2趋势说明: 对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升，下降，波动，持平
3交点说明:
说明：关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势，学会general classification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据！
C. 饼状图
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Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS 2 3
D. 柱状图
1.比较: similarity
2.对比: difference)
3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征
E. 流程图
1．
2． 准备工作
3．
4．
5． 简单总结（可有可无）
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS 说明：注意流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系；表达每一流程的主体内容，阐明这种关系；揭示其内在联系或规律；最后，给予简要归纳和总结。
F. 实物/器具工作过程
1．
2．
3．
4． 简单总结
G. 综合图
1不求甚解，不拘泥于细节
2分门别类，分段落详细介绍各个图表
3不画蛇添足，主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系
Part Four: Some Key Points
1.时态
如无明确具体时间，用一般现在时；如标明了过去的时间或将来的时间，则用相应的过去时和将来时描述。有时可能需要使
用多种时态描述，视具体情况而定。
2. 客观性
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS 不应该存在任何自己的主观想象成分，即使是结尾段也不应随意写，应该是根据图表的实际内容作出符合逻辑的总结归纳。
3. 准确性
图里面出现的数字或任何信息不能抄错，如果看不清楚一个数值是否落在了一个点上，可以适当估算一个值。
4. 专注重点
图表题需要对特殊的信息作出分析介绍，例如图表题中的起点、拐点、终点、交点与变化趋势一定需要描述，其余非特征的
数据根据时间情况而定。切勿面面俱到，否则时间会超出规定范围。
5.审题很重要
在20分钟内完成150字文章不容易，首先需要把题目看清楚。不论哪类图表题，看不清楚某个数值时，允许使用“大约”这
类词，如about/around/just over/just under/approximately/roughly, etc
6.确定写几段
一般来说可以根据图表的数量确定写几个段落。例如如果给出一个图表，主题段落可以采用一段式，如果这一个图表中有两
条线，那可以采用两段主体段写作方式。视具体情况而定。在开始写的时候确认好要写几段，每段分别写什么内容，这样在写的时候不会乱。
7. 雅思小作文分类
??
? Table Line graph/graph 线图（直线表格 &
?
? Bar chart /chart
Pie chart Process diagram
柱状图（条形图）曲线）
饼状图流程图
注意：写作文的时候，在第一段中可以把题目给出的名称替换成其他名称，如
Part Two: How to Write a Report of ‘Maps’
? 学习目标:
充分掌握在地图题写作里面需要运用的思路和表达方式
bar chart可以说成chart。
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS 学习难点：
地图题中关于方位的表达，以及如何进行段落之间的衔接
学习效果：
基本上掌握一些正确的表达形式和单词
1. 方位的表达
? A位于B的范围内 ，如A位于B的东部地区
Shanghai is in the east of China
? A在B以东，即A位于B以东
Japan is to the east of China
? A在B以东，并且接壤
Tianjin is on the east of Hebei
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS ? A在B 西北部的120 千米处
A lies 120 km to the northwest of B
? Mountains are parallel to the rivers.（与……平行）
?
? The truck is to the right of the gas station.（在……的右边）
?
? The church is surrounded by trees.（被……包围）
?
? A policeman is at the crossing/intersection/.（在……十字路口）
?
? The bank is in the top left-hand corner of the residential zone.（在……的左上角）
?
? The playground is roughly in the middle of the residential zone.（大概在……的中间）
? The supermarket is directly opposite to the bus stop.（在……的正对面）
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS ? The barber’s is in close proximity to/ near by/ by the side of the hospital.（在……附近）
?
? Houses are at the bottom of the residential zone.（在……底部）
?
? The supermarket is halfway between the bank and the barber’s.（在……半途中）
?
? The motorcyclist is outside the residential zone.（在……外面）
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? The shop is along the roadside.（在路边）
Example(1): 选址型
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS
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Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS P1
? The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon
P2
? The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12
kms to the north-west.
? This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking.
? This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car.
? As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number
of shoppers would also be able to travel by train
? generally speaking, the price of rent is relatively lower in countryside, so it will save some expending to some extent
P3
? In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents.
? Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central
area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.
P4
? Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS
site (S1) would probably offer more advantages.
? base on the factor of economy, the decision of choosing S1 is reasonable for boss
Example(2)——发展型
? Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century.
The map below shows the development of the village.
? Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the village.
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS P1
? The map shows the changes and development of Chorleywood village in Great Britain over a period of 126 years from 1868
to 1994.
P2
? Chronologically, during the first 15 years from 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood was merely a very small village with one main
road to its west.
? From 1883 to 1922, we see that the village expanded to south, almost tripled the original scale.
? Besides, a railway line was built across the new area from west to east and there emerged the Chorleywood Station.
? During 1922-1970, Chorleywood extended both eastward and westward and almost doubled the previous size.
P3
? Then during 1970-1994, the village accelerated its pace of development eastward.
? A north-south motorway built in 1970 as the axis, with the almost paralleled to east-west main road and railway as two
dividing lines, cutting this new area into five parts.
? This new expansion was almost twice the scale of the old village.
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS ? The Chorleywood Park and a golf course separated the old and new area.
P4
? Thus, we see the fast expansion history of this small village across a span of over 100 years.
Vocabularies(2)
原有事物尺寸上变大/变小：
The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/reduced by half
原有事物没了：
The farms completely disappeared/were removed.
原有事物被改为：
? A is transformed/reconstructed/
converted/changed/turned over to/ into B
Advanced Writing 4th Term Sailing IELTS ? A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B