雅思口语分话题词汇汇总

时间:2024.4.20

1. Types of Music 音乐类型

General 总体类型

? children’s music (including nursery rhymes) 儿童音乐(包括儿歌) ? Latin Dance music (e.g., Flamenco, Tango) 拉丁舞音乐(如弗拉门科民歌,探 戈)

? electronic (Digital) music 电子(数字)音乐

? ethnic and national music (including traditional Chinese music, Chinese opera, folk songs) 民族音乐(包括传统中国音乐,中国戏曲,民歌) ? film music 电影音乐

? religious music 宗教音乐

Classical European Music 欧洲古典乐

? baroque music 巴洛克音乐

? chamber music 室内乐

? orchestral music (such as composed by Mozart, Beethoven, etc.) 管弦乐(如 莫扎特、贝多芬等创作的作品)

? opera 歌剧

? ballet music 芭蕾音乐

Modern Popular Music 流行音乐

? bluegrass 蓝草音乐

? blues 布鲁斯音乐

? country and western music 西部乡村乐

? disco music (techno, trance…) 迪斯科音乐(高科技舞曲,迷幻舞曲) ? hip-hop 嘻哈;美国街头说唱

? jazz (e.g., big band, ragtime) 爵士乐(如爵士乐团,雷格泰姆旋律) ? pop songs 流行歌曲

? rap music 说唱音乐

? reggae 雷鬼乐

? rhythm and blues 节奏布鲁斯

? rock ‘n roll (including rockabilly, heavy metal) 摇滚乐(包括乡村摇滚乐,重 金属摇滚乐)

2. Types of Movies 电影类型

action and adventure 动作冒险

? animated cartoons 动画片

? comedy 喜剧

? drama 戏剧

? horror 恐怖片

? martial arts 武术

? musicals 音乐片,歌舞片

? romance 爱情片

? romantic comedy 浪漫喜剧

? science fiction 科幻

? silent movies 无声电影

? (suspense) thrillers (悬疑)惊悚片

? teen movies 青少年电影

? war movies 战争电影

? westerns 西部片

? documentary films 纪录片

3. Types of TV Shows 电视节目类型

? cartoons 卡通

? children’s shows 儿童节目

? documentary programs 纪录片节目

? drama (e.g., police dramas) 戏剧(如警匪片)

? game shows 娱乐节目

? made-for-TV movies (including mini-series) 电视电影(包括中篇剧集) ? musical video shows (e.g., MTV) 音乐视频节目 (如音乐电视)

? reality TV 真实电视,真人秀

? situational comedies (sitcoms) 情景喜剧

? comedy shows 喜剧影片

? soap operas 肥皂剧

? sports Programs (e.g., live broadcasts of sports events) 体育节目(如运动项 目实况转播)

? Talk Shows 谈话节目

? The News 新闻

? news programs (stress on first word) 新闻节目(第一个单词重读) ? current affairs and news analysis (including interviews) 时事新闻分析(包括采 访)

? variety shows (e.g., The Chinese New Year family entertainment program) 综 艺节目(如新年家庭娱乐节目)

? pop music videos 流行音乐录像片

? advertisements (Make sure you can understand the British pronunciation of this word when you hear it) 广告(请确保在听到该单词的英式发音时能明白)

4. Types of Advertising 广告类型

? TV and radio advertisements (= TV and radio commercials) 电视广播广告 ? newspaper and magazine ads (including the classified ads) 报纸杂志广告(包 括分类广告)

? billboards (next to main roads, railway lines, on subway station walls etc.) 户 外看板,广告牌(主要道路,铁路,地铁站墙壁上的广告等)

? cell-phone text messages 手机短信

? flyers and handouts (e.g., on the street, put into letterboxes etc.) 宣传单和小 册子(如在街上发的,或投递到信箱中的等)

? Internet advertisements (e.g., pop-up ads) 网络广告(如进入某网站时,会自 动出现的广告)

? posters (e.g. wall posters, bus stop posters) 海报(如墙上贴的海报,公交车站 的海报)

Visible Logos 可见商标

? on professional athletes’ clothing 在职业运动员的服装上

? on signs in front of shops etc. 在商店前的招牌上

? on T-shirts, hats, jackets and other clothing 在T 恤,帽子,夹克衫和其他服装 上

? on handbags and other accessories 在手提包和其他配件上

? on Formula 1 cars 在F1 赛车上

? on racing yachts 在赛艇上

? on hot-air balloons 在热气球上

Advertisements in Other Prominent Places 其他显著位子的广告

? on the side of buses and trains 在汽车和火车的侧面

? cinema advertising 电影院广告

? sports stadium advertising 体育馆广告

5. Things to Read 读物

For News 新闻

? newspapers 报纸

? news magazines 新闻杂志

? company and organization newsletters 公司和机构的新闻刊物、时事通讯 Magazines 杂志

? fashion magazines 时尚杂志

? movie magazines 电影杂志

? computer magazines 计算机杂志

? news magazines 新闻杂志

? sports magazines 体育杂志

? hobbyist magazines 业余爱好者杂志

? technical and professional journals 专业技术杂志

? art magazines 艺术杂志

? home decoration magazines 家居装潢杂志

? women’s magazines 女性杂志

Literature 文学

? autobiographies 自传

? biographies 传记

? novels (historical novels, thrillers, mystery stories, romance novels, detective stories, science fiction) 小说(历史小说,惊悚小说,怪诞小说,爱情小说,侦 探小说,科幻小说)

? poetry 诗歌

? plays 戏剧

? short stories 短篇小说

? essays 随笔

? literary criticism 文艺评论,文学批评

Education 教育

? textbooks 教科书

? reference books 参考书

? encyclopedias 百科全书

? ‘how-to’ books 指导书

? 'self-help' books 自助手册

Entertainment 娱乐

? comic books 漫画书

? puzzle books 益智图书

Personal Correspondence 私人信函

? letters 书信

? emails 电子邮件

? postcards 明信片

? faxes 传真

? cell-phone text messages 手机短信

? online chatting 网聊

The Internet 网络

The Internet now includes most of the examples above 现今网络包括了以上提到的大多数内容

6. Types of Clothing 服装类型

Casual Wear 便装

? a pair of jeans 牛仔裤

? a pair of slacks 宽松裤

? a T-shirt T 恤

? a sweater 运动衫,毛线衫

? a pair of shorts 短裤

? a cardigan 开襟羊毛衫

Formal Wear 正装

? a business suit 西装

? a vest 背心,马甲

? a tie 领带

? a bow tie 领结

? a wedding gown 结婚礼服

? a ballroom gown 宴会礼服

? a tuxedo 无尾礼服

? an overcoat 外套大衣

? a fur coat 裘皮大衣

Both Formal and Casual Wear 正式休闲皆可 ? a pair of trousers (Br.) = a pair of pants (U.S.) 长裤 ? a shirt 衬衫

? a skirt 裙子

? a dress 服装,连衣裙

? a blouse 女式衬衫

? a coat 外套

? a jacket 短上衣,夹克衫

Sportswear 运动装

? a tracksuit 运动服

? clothes for football, basketball etc. 足球,篮球服装 ? ski clothes (a ski vest, a pair of ski pants, a ski jacket) 滑雪服(滑雪背心,滑 雪裤,滑雪上衣)

? a pair of swimming costumes = a swimsuit 游泳衣 ? golf clothes 高尔夫服装

? sports fishing clothes 钓鱼服装 Work clothes 工作服

? a pair of protective overalls 防护性工作服 ? a doctor's gown 医生的长袍

? a lab coat 实验工作服

? an apron 围裙

Uniforms 制服

For the following groups: 为以下群体设计: ? school children 学生

? police 警察

? security guards 保安,警卫

? the military = the armed forces (army, navy, air-force) 军队(陆军,海军,空 军)

? mailmen = postmen 邮递员

? some company and factory employees 一些公司和工厂的员工 ? airline pilots and flight attendants 飞行员和乘务员 ? railway and bus-line employees 铁路和公交站线的员工 ? nurses 护士

? waiters and waitresses 服务员 ? sports teams 运动队

? marching band members 军乐队成员 Footwear 鞋类

? shoes 鞋子

? dress shoes (= formal shoes) 盛装鞋 ? sandals 凉鞋

? house slippers 家居拖鞋

? thongs (U.S. = 'flip-flops') 夹脚凉鞋 ? gym boots (sneakers) 旅游鞋,运动鞋 ? dancing shoes 跳舞鞋

? martial arts slippers 武术鞋

? sports shoes-football, golf, track and field 运动鞋-足球,高尔夫, 田径

? work boots 工作鞋

? rain boots 雨靴

? fur-lined winter boots 毛皮衬里的冬季靴子 ? high-heels 高跟鞋

? platform shoes 厚底鞋

Hats 帽子

? baseball caps 棒球帽

? cowboy hats 牛仔帽

? straw hats 草帽

? berets 贝雷帽

? fur hats 毛皮帽

? hard hats (safety hats) 安全帽

? motorcycle helmets 摩托车头盔

Other 其他

? baby clothes 婴儿服

? underwear 内衣

? pajamas (U.S. = pajamas) 睡衣裤

? a dressing gown 晨衣,浴衣

? a raincoat 雨衣

7. Electrical and Electronic Appliances 电器和电子仪器 Home Appliances 家用电器

? refrigerator 冰箱

? microwave oven 微波炉

? electric stove 电炉

? rice cooker 电饭煲

? blender/food mixer 食物搅拌器

? washing machine 洗衣机

? clothes dryer 干衣机

? air conditioner 空调

? electric heater (radiator) 电暖气

? humidifier 增湿器

? electric fan 电扇

? kitchen exhaust fan (above the stove) 厨房抽油烟机(在炉子上方) ? vacuum cleaner 真空吸尘器

? electric shaver 电动剃须刀

? electric toothbrush 电动牙刷

? hairdryer 吹风机

? reading lamp 台灯,阅读灯

? electric drill 电钻

Entertainment 娱乐

? DVD/ VCD player DVD/VCD 播放器

? television 电视

? radio 收音机

? CD player CD 播放器

? tape player/tape recorder 录音机

? stereo system 立体音响系统

? speaker(s) 扬声器,喇叭

? walkman 随身听

? MP3/ MP4 MP3/MP4 音乐播放器

? iPod 音乐播放器

Communication 通讯

? telephone 电话

? cell-phone (= mobile phone) 手机

? message machine 信息机

? fax machine 传真机

Computer Appliances 计算机设备

? computer (including laptop computer = notebook computer) 计算机(包括笔记 本电脑)

? monitor 显示器

? scanner 扫描仪

? printer 打印机

Office 办公室

? fax machine 传真机

? photocopy machine (photocopier) 复印机

8. Methods of Storing Memories 存储记忆方法

? photographs (in a photo album) 照片(存储于相册中) ? photographs (stored as digital photos on a computer or an electronic storage device) 照片(以电子相片的形式储存在计算机或电子存储装置中) ? diaries 日记

? videos 视频

? tape recordings 录音

? keeping old letters 保留旧的信件

? storing emails 储存电子邮件

? keeping souvenirs and mementos 保留纪念品

9. Things That Some People Collect 人们所收集的东西 ? stamps 邮票

? coins 硬币

? sports cards 运动卡

? rocks 岩石

? shells 贝壳

? butterflies/Insects 蝴蝶/昆虫

? antiques 古董

? art (paintings, calligraphy etc.) 艺术(绘画,书法等等) ? comics, magazines, old books 漫画,杂志,旧书

? CD’s (music) 激光唱片 光盘(音乐)

? DVD’s (films) 数字化视频光盘(电影)

? postcards 明信片

? dolls 娃娃

? models (model cars, model trains, model ships, model planes etc.) 模型(汽车

模型火车模型船模型 飞机模型等等)

? matchboxes 火柴盒

? cigarette packs 香烟盒

? beer cans 啤酒罐

? telephone cards 电话卡

10. Environmental Problems 环境问题

The Problems 问题

? pollution: air pollution, water pollution (including oceanic pollution), soil pollution, noise pollution 污染: 空气污染,水污染(包括海洋污染) 土壤污 染噪声污染

? global warming 全球变暖

? species loss 物种的灭绝

? deforestation 森林采伐

? desertification 沙漠化

? soil salinification 土壤盐化

? ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere 高层大气的臭氧层破坏 ? waste disposal 废物处理

? water shortage 水资源短缺

Other Related Vocabulary 其他相关词汇

Pollution 污染

? fertilizer 化肥

? factory waste 工厂废料

? rivers and streams 河川

? heavy metals 重金属

Global Warming 全球变暖

? melting of the glaciers and the polar icecaps 冰川和极地冰盖的融化 ? extremes of weather 极端恶劣的天气

? the El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象

? the greenhouse effect 温室效应

? carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide 二氧化碳二氧化硫

? man-made causes, possible natural causes 人为原因,可能的自然原因 ? fuel 燃料

? fossil fuels 化石燃料

? hydrogen 氢

? wind power, solar power, solar cells 风能,太阳能,太阳能电池 ? vehicle exhaust 车辆废气

? power station 发电所

Waste Disposal 水处理

? recycling 循环利用

Desertification 沙漠化

? sand storms (dust storms) 沙尘暴

? overgrazing 过度放牧

? goats (a major cause of desertification) 山羊(沙漠化的一个重要原因)

? grasslands 草原

? reforestation 重新造林

? land regeneration 土地再生

Species Loss 物种消失

? habitat loss 栖息地的丧失

? ecological balance 生态平衡

? genetic diversity 遗传多样性

? genes; genetic engineering 基因,基因工程

? natural compounds (from living organisms) 天然化合物(来自生物有机 体)

Soil Salinification 土壤盐化

? the water table 地下水位

11. Housework 家务活

? washing the dishes 洗盘子

? sweeping (the floor) 扫地

? mopping (the floor) 拖地

? making the beds 铺床

? preparing meals 做饭

? washing vegetables 洗菜

? cooking 烹饪

? tidying 清洁

? ironing 熨烫

? dusting 打扫

? taking out the garbage 倒垃圾

? doing the laundry (washing clothes) 洗衣服

12. Secondary School 中学

('Secondary School' is rather formal; 'high school' is usually used.) ? physics 物理

? chemistry 化学

? geography 地理

? politics 政治

? mathematics [math (U.S.); maths (Br.)] 数学

? P.E. (Physical Education) (This is not normally called a 'school subject'.) 体育

13. Leisure Time and Relaxing 休闲时间和放松

? to relax (Don't add 'myself' or any variation of 'self' after this word.) 放松 ? to 'wind down' 放松

? to 'take it easy' 慢慢来不紧张

? to take a stroll; to take/have a walk 散步

? to meditate 深思 沉思

? massage 按摩

? sauna 桑拿

? sofa 沙发

? soft, soothing music 轻音乐

? holidays (Br.) = vacation (U.S.) 假期

? holiday [A ‘holiday’ (singular) usually refers to a public holiday, i.e., a day or small number of days when most people take time off work.] 假期 ? weekend 周末

? go on a trip 旅行

? take a trip 旅行

? to travel 旅行

? to go sightseeing 观光

? a hobby 业余爱好

? an interest 兴趣

? a pastime 消遣娱乐

? to pass the time ( Do not say, ‘to kill time’ except when you are talking about situations when time seems to be moving particularly slowly because you have nothing to do such as waiting for two hours at the train station to catch your train.) 消磨时间

14. Rain 雨

? humid 潮湿的

? sticky 湿热的

? uncomfortable 不舒服的

? refreshing 新鲜的

? cooling 凉快的

? a storm 暴风雨

? a thunderstorm 雷电交加的暴风雨

? thunder 雷声

? lightening 闪电

? a deluge 洪水

? to pour 倾盆而下

? to ‘rain cats and dogs’= to rain very heavily 下倾盆大雨

? a flood 洪水

? an underpass 地下通道

? to inundate 淹没

? the rainy season 雨季

? the monsoon season 季风季节

? the tropics 热带地区

? a drought 干旱

? parched 炎热的

? to sprinkle 洒

? a drop 雨滴

? not a drop 一滴也没有

? a dry spell 不下雨,干旱

? irregular 不规则的不定期的

? a trickle 滴,淌,细流

? to dry up 干涸

? reservoir 水库

? a dam 大坝

? to irrigate 灌溉

15. Restaurants and Food 餐厅和食物

? menu 菜单

? hotpot 土豆烧肉

? seafood 海鲜

? Cantonese style food 粤菜

? Sichuan style food 川菜

? American-style fast food 美式快餐

? pizza 比萨

? vegetarian 素食者

? take-away food (U.S. = food to go) 外卖食物

? hot = spicy 辣的

? salty 咸的

? sour 酸的

? sweet 甜的

? a cafe (this is a small restaurant, not a coffee shop such as Starbucks) 咖啡馆 ? a restaurant 饭店

? a cafeteria (this is usually a self-serve eating place such as in a school or factory) 自助餐厅

? a snack bar 小吃店

? instant noodles 方便面

16. Letters 信件

? business letters 商务信函

? personal letters 个人信函

? postcards 明信片

? love letters 情书

? spam 垃圾邮件

? an attachment 附件

? to download 下载

? a computer virus 电脑病毒

? to keep in touch with someone 和某人保持联系

? to hear from someone 收到某人的来信

17. Daily Routine 日常生活

? usually(通常), always(总是), often(经常), frequently(常常,频繁地), sometimes(有时), rarely(很少地,罕有地), seldom(很少,不常), never (从未)

? alert(警惕的,提防的)

? fresh(新鲜的)

? tired(疲劳的), tiring(累人的,引起疲劳的)

? to take a break (休息一会儿)

? to go online(上网)

? to check my email (查看电子邮件)

? warmed-up(加热了的,热身的)

? in the evening(s)(在晚上)

? in the afternoon(s) (在下午)

? in the morning(s) (在早晨)

? in the middle of the night (在半夜)

? during the day (在白天)

? during working hours(在上班时间)

18. Animals 动物

Major Biological Classifications of Animals 主要的生物分类动物 ? mammals(哺乳动物)

? reptiles(爬行动物)

? amphibians(两栖动物)

? birds(鸟类)

? fish(鱼类)

? insects (昆虫)

Domesticated Animals 驯服的动物

a) Pets 宠物

Dogs 狗

? Pekinese(小狮子狗,叭儿狗)

? Chihuahua (奇瓦瓦狗)

? Poodle(狮子狗)

? cocker spaniel(可卡犬)

? chow (中国狗)

? pug (哈巴狗)

? beagle(毕尔格猎犬)

? collie (柯利狗)

? bull-dog(牛头犬)

? bull-terrier(叭喇狗)

? German shepherd(德国牧羊犬)

? Labrador(拉布拉多猎狗)

? golden retriever(金毛猎犬)

young dog = a puppy(小狗)

Cats 猫

? long-haired cats (长毛猫)

? short-haired cats (短毛猫)

? Siamese cats(暹罗猫)

? Burmese cats (缅甸猫)

? tabby cats(虎斑猫)

? alley cats(流浪猫) (feral cats 野猫, street cats 流浪猫) ? a tom cat (雄猫)

young cat = a kitten(小猫) Birds 鸟

? the Asian mynah bird (亚洲八哥鸟) ? the canary (金丝雀)

? the budgie ( = the parakeet = the budgerigar) (相思鹦鹉) ? the parrot (鹦鹉)

? the finch(雀类)

? the pigeon(鸽子)

bird food: birdseed /fruit /nuts(鸟饵) Fish 鱼

? Goldfish(金鱼)

? tropical fish (热带鱼)

Other Pets 其他宠物

? Rabbits(兔子)

? guinea pigs (豚鼠)

? hamsters (仓鼠)

? gerbils(沙鼠)

? rats (田鼠)

? ferrets (雪貂)

? tortoises (龟)

b) Farmed animals 养殖动物 ? chickens(鸡)

? ducks(鸭)

? geese(鹅)

? pigs (= hogs)(猪)

? sheep (羊)

? beef cattle(肉牛)

? dairy cows (奶牛)

? goats (山羊)

c) Work Animals 役畜

? water buffalo (水牛)

? horses(马)

? donkeys(驴子)

? mules(骡子)

? camels (骆驼)

? elephants(大象)

? yaks (牦牛)

? goats(山羊)

? dogs(狗)

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Wild Animals 野生动物

a) Endangered Animals of China 中国濒危动物

? the panda(熊猫)

? the tiger(老虎)

? the black bear(黑熊)

? the wolf (狼)

? the Mongolian wild horse (蒙古野马)

? the elephant (大象)

b) Other Wild Animals in China 中国其他野生动物

? rats and mice (老鼠)

? snakes (蛇)

? yaks(牦牛)

? foxes (狐狸)

? deer (鹿)

? wild horses (野马)

? monkeys(猴子)

c) Wild Animals in the Cities of China(中国的城市野生动物) The following wild animals are seen in some parts of some cities. ? Squirrels(松鼠)

? Ferrets(雪貂)

? rats and mice (老鼠)

? possums (负鼠)

? bats(蝙蝠)

? birds (sparrows 麻雀, magpies 鹊, seagulls 海鸥, swallows 燕子, crows/ravens 乌鸦...)

? feral cats(野猫)

19. Parks 公园

? the entrance(入口)

? an entrance fee (入场费)

? a statue (雕像)

? sculptures(雕塑品)

? a fountain(喷泉)

? a pool (水池)

? a lake(湖)

? a pond (池塘)

? a river (河)

? a bridge (桥)

? a rockery (假山)

? a bamboo grove(竹林)

? a fish pond (鱼塘)

? lawns (草坪)

? gardens (花园)

? flowers (花)

? plants (植物)

? trees(树)

? vines(葡萄树)

? bamboo (竹子)

? a park bench = a park seat (公园的长椅)

? in the shade(阴凉处)

? in the sun (阳光下)

? a pathway = a path (小路)

? to stroll (漫步)

? to walk(散步)

? to jog (慢跑)

? to do exercises(做运动)

? to do stretching exercises(做伸展运动)

? to do aerobics (做有氧运动)

? to do tai ji = to practice tai ji(练太极)

? to chat(聊天)

? to dance(跳舞)

? to play a musical instrument (玩乐器)

? to perform (表演)

? to sing (唱歌)

? to entertain(娱乐)

? to relax (放松)

? to play chess(下象棋)

20. Describing People 描述人

The adjectives below could be used in the following sentence: ‘She's very

_________.’

Or, ‘She's a very _______ person.’ Or, ‘She's a very _______ type of person.’

Of course, instead of 'very' you can also use other words such as: 'quite(' 十分,完全),

'rather'(相当), 'somewhat'(稍微,有点) and 'extremely'.(极端地,非常地) ? friendly (有好的)

? easy-going (随和的)

? relaxed (不拘束的)

? mellow (老练的)

? open(坦率的,开放的)

? natural(自然的)

? warm-hearted (热心的)

? generous (慷慨的,大方的)

? helpful (有益的,有帮助的)

? co-operative (合作的,协作的)

? humorous (富有幽默感的)

? funny(有趣的,好笑的)

? interesting (有趣味的)

? unique(唯一的,独特的)

? special (特殊的)

? impressive(给人印象深刻的,感人的) ? kind (和蔼的,仁慈的)

? empathetic(感情移入的)

? nice (漂亮的)

? good (好的)

? honest (诚实的,正直的)

? considerate (考虑周到的)

? selfless 无私的(the opposite is, 'selfish'自私的) ? down-to-earth (实际的)

? extroverted (外向性的)

? outgoing(对人友好的)

? gregarious(社交的)

? sociable (好交际的,友善的)

? spontaneous(自发的,自然产生的)

? introverted 内向的,含蓄的 (This means, 'usually focused on one's own thoughts', such as a research scientist or an author.) ? shy 害羞的(This means, 'a little fearful' of other people) ? private(私人的)

? quiet (从容的,宁静的)

? studious (勤学的,慎重的)

? traditional (传统的)

? conservative(保守的,守旧的)

? old-fashioned (过时的)

? fashionable (时髦的,流行的)

? 'cool' (酷的,冷静的,淡漠的)

? 'hip' (熟悉内情的)

? modern (现代的,时髦的)

? fashion-conscious (赶时髦的)

? stylish(时髦的,漂亮的)

? well-groomed (被小心照料的)

? well-dressed (穿着考究的)

? attractive (吸引人的,有魅力的)

? good-looking (漂亮的)

? handsome (英俊的)

? beautiful (美丽的)

? pretty (可爱的,漂亮的)

? elegant (端庄的,文雅的)

? graceful (优美的)

? gentle (温和的,文雅的)

? statuesque 雕像般的, 轮廓清晰的(usually for tall women) ? well-mannered (有礼貌的)

? cultured(有教养的,有修养的) ? sophisticated(世故的)

? open-minded (细想开明的) ? confident (自信的)

? competitive(爱竞争的,竞争的) ? fearless(大胆的,无畏的,勇敢的) ? independent(独立的)

? individualistic(个人主义的) ? adventurous(喜欢冒险的,敢做敢为的) ? persistent (坚持不懈的) ? industrious = hard-working(勤勉的,刻苦的) ? motivated (有积极性的) ? single-minded (诚实的) ? goal-oriented(目标明确的) ? determined(坚决的)

? ambitious(野心勃勃的) ? strong-willed(意志坚强的,固执己见的) ? passionate (充满热情的) ? enthusiastic(热心的)

? well-balanced (思想稳健的) ? positive(积极地)

? healthy (健康的)

? fit (= healthy) (健康的) ? health-conscious (重视健康的,注意健康的) ? athletic (运动的)

贾若寒作品:《雅思满分流利口语(第二版)》 ? physical (身体的,物理的) ? artistic (艺术的,风雅的,有美感的) ? talented (有才能的)

? musical (音乐的)

? theatrical (戏剧性的)

? dramatic (戏剧性的)

? expressive (有表现力的,富于表情的) ? intelligent(聪明的,伶俐的) ? bright (聪明的,伶俐的) ? analytical (善于分析的)

? erudite = well-read (usually for older people) 博学的 ? well-educated (受过良好教育的) ? skilled (熟练的,有技能的) ? professional(专业的)

? thorough (十分的,彻底的) ? careful (小心的,仔细的) ? neat (整洁的,灵巧的) ? precise (精确的,准确的)

? meticulous(小心翼翼的)

? reliable (可靠的,可信赖的)

? punctual (准时的)

? knowledgeable (知识渊博的,有见识的) ? curious (好奇的)

? far-sighted(有远见的)

? insightful (富有洞察力的)

? wise (明智的,睿智的)

? mature(成熟的)

? responsible (可靠的,有责任的)

? intuitive (有直觉力的)

? imaginative(有想象力的)

? creative(创造性的)

? playful 顽皮的(usually children)

? rambunctious (e.g., a two-year-old child) 粗暴的 ? energetic(精力充沛的)

? adorable(可崇拜的)

? cute (可爱的)

? loveable(可爱的,惹人爱的)

? lovely (可爱的)

? loving(钟情的,亲爱的)

Some nouns(一些名词)

? a joy (快乐)

? an inspiration(灵感)

贾若寒作品:《雅思满分流利口语(第二版)》 ? an example (例子)

? a model student (模范学生)

? a model son (模范儿子)

? a devoted mother 深爱的妈妈, a devoted teacher 挚爱的老师, a devoted doctor 有献身精神的医生

? a genius 天才

? a leader 领导者

21. The Sections of a Newspaper 报纸的各个版? old-fashioned (过时的) ? fashionable (时髦的,流行的)

? 'cool' (酷的,冷静的,淡漠的)

? 'hip' (熟悉内情的)

? modern (现代的,时髦的)

? fashion-conscious (赶时髦的)

? stylish(时髦的,漂亮的)

? well-groomed (被小心照料的)

? well-dressed (穿着考究的)

? attractive (吸引人的,有魅力的)

? good-looking (漂亮的)

? handsome (英俊的) ? beautiful (美丽的) ? pretty (可爱的,漂亮的) ? elegant (端庄的,文雅的) ? graceful (优美的) ? gentle (温和的,文雅的) ? statuesque 雕像般的, 轮廓清晰的(usually for tall women) ? well-mannered (有礼貌的) ? cultured(有教养的,有修养的) ? sophisticated(世故的) ? open-minded (细想开明的) ? confident (自信的) ? competitive(爱竞争的,竞争的) ? fearless(大胆的,无畏的,勇敢的) ? independent(独立的) ? individualistic(个人主义的) ? adventurous(喜欢冒险的,敢做敢为的) ? persistent (坚持不懈的) ? industrious = hard-working(勤勉的,刻苦的) ? motivated (有积极性的) ? single-minded (诚实的) ? goal-oriented(目标明确的) ? determined(坚决的) ? ambitious(野心勃勃的) ? strong-willed(意志坚强的,固执己见的) ? passionate (充满热情的) ? enthusiastic(热心的) ? well-balanced (思想稳健的) ? positive(积极地) ? healthy (健康的) ? fit (= healthy) (健康的) ? health-conscious (重视健康的,注意健康的) ? athletic (运动的) ? physical (身体的,物理的) ? artistic (艺术的,风雅的,有美感的) ? talented (有才能的) ? musical (音乐的) ? theatrical (戏剧性的) ? dramatic (戏剧性的) ? expressive (有表现力的,富于表情的) ? intelligent(聪明的,伶俐的) ? bright (聪明的,伶俐的) ? analytical (善于分析的) ? erudite = well-read (usually for older people) 博学的

? well-educated (受过良好教育的)

? skilled (熟练的,有技能的)

? professional(专业的)

? thorough (十分的,彻底的)

? careful (小心的,仔细的)

? neat (整洁的,灵巧的)

? precise (精确的,准确的)

? meticulous(小心翼翼的)

? reliable (可靠的,可信赖的)

? punctual (准时的)

? knowledgeable (知识渊博的,有见识的)

? curious (好奇的)

? far-sighted(有远见的)

? insightful (富有洞察力的)

? wise (明智的,睿智的)

? mature(成熟的)

? responsible (可靠的,有责任的)

? intuitive (有直觉力的)

? imaginative(有想象力的)

? creative(创造性的)

? playful 顽皮的(usually children)

? rambunctious (e.g., a two-year-old child) 粗暴的

? energetic(精力充沛的)

? adorable(可崇拜的)

? cute (可爱的)

? loveable(可爱的,惹人爱的)

? lovely (可爱的)

? loving(钟情的,亲爱的)

Some nouns(一些名词)

? a joy (快乐)

? an inspiration(灵感)

? an example (例子)

? a model student (模范学生)

? a model son (模范儿子)

? a devoted mother 深爱的妈妈, a devoted teacher 挚爱的老师, a devoted doctor 有献身精神的医生

? a genius 天才

? a leader 领导者

21. The Sections of a Newspaper 报纸的各个板块

The following are the main sections that typical newspapers have. ? The Local News Section(当地新闻版)

? The International News Section(国际新闻版)

? The Editorial Section(社论版)

? Letters to the Editor(写给编辑的信)

? The Business Section (经济版)

? The Entertainment Section (娱乐版)

? The Sports Section (体育版)

? The Classified Advertisements Section (分类广告区)

? The Comics (Comic Strips) (漫画区)

22. Types of Magazines 杂志类型

There are magazines for almost every topic of interest, whether a sport, hobby, general interest or a career interest.

杂志的主题包括了几乎所有的兴趣类型,不论是体育、业余爱好、大众化兴趣或是与职 业有关的兴趣。

? sports magazines (e.g. Basketball, Football, Golf magazines) 体育杂志(如篮 球,足球,高尔夫杂志)

? tabloid magazines (Sensationalized and often exaggerated or untrue articles and gossip about celebrities. This magazine genre also includes magazines with unusual or sensationalized human-interest stories.) 八卦杂志(常常被炒 作和夸大,或是虚假的关于名人的文章和小道消息。一些包含不寻常的、炒作 的及能引起读者共鸣或同情的报道的杂志也属于这一类型。)

? movie magazines (Stories and reviews about the latest films) 电影杂志(关于 最新电影的影评和故事)

? music and entertainment magazines (Articles about pop music and movies and entertainment celebrities) 音乐娱乐杂志(关于流行音乐、电影和娱乐明星 的文章)

? news and current events magazines (News, news analysis and opinion pieces) 时事新闻杂志(新闻,新闻分析和评论)

? women's magazines (Topics of general interest to women, including

parenting, family, home, health, beauty and fashion, career and relationship

advice, and short stories.) 女性杂志(女性感兴趣的话题,包括养育子女,家庭, 住宅,健康,美容时尚,对职业生涯和人际关系的建议,以及短篇故事)

? beauty and fashion magazines (e.g., Vogue. Articles and many photographs on fashion and beauty for women) 美容时尚杂志(如Vogue 杂志,其中有许 多关于女性时尚及美容的文章和图片)

? teen magazines (Usually for teenage girls-general interest magazines for teenagers with topics such as romantic short stories, romance advice, fashion and beauty advice, entertainment etc.) 少儿杂志(对象一般为少女,包括青少 年感兴趣的话题,如浪漫短篇小说,情感建议,美容时尚建议及娱乐等)

? men's magazines (Short stories and articles of interest to (usually) young men, including pictures of pretty girls) 男性杂志(一般为年轻男士感兴趣的短篇小说 和文章,也包括漂亮女孩的图片)

? home and gardening magazines (Articles about buying a home, home

decoration, home maintenance, gardening etc.) 家居园艺杂志(关于购房,家居 装潢,家居保养,园艺等的一些文章)

? car magazines 汽车杂志

? military magazines (Articles and stories about military history, military

equipment and weaponry) 军事杂志(关于军事历史,军事装备和武器的文章 及故事)

? hobbyist magazines (e.g., stamp collecting, antiques, photography, different arts and crafts, pets, different games...) 爱好者杂志(如集邮,古董,摄影,各 种工艺美术,宠物,及各种游戏杂志)

? computer magazines (Articles about new developments and products in the world of computers) 计算机杂志(关于计算机界的最新发展和创造的文章) ? computer game magazines 电脑游戏杂志

? business and money magazines (Articles about personal money

management, investing, the stock market etc.) 商务理财杂志(有关个人理财, 投资及股票市场等)

? puzzle magazines (With puzzles to solve) 益智杂志(解谜)

? humor magazines (Jokes, funny cartoons, and humorous short stories) 幽默 杂志(笑话,趣味卡通以及一些诙谐的短篇故事)

? travel magazines (Articles about interesting places to visit) 旅游杂志(关于有 意思的旅游景点)

? science and nature magazines (e.g., National Geographic) 科学与自然杂志 (如国家地理杂志)

? health and fitness magazines 健康杂志

? popular psychology magazines (Self-help articles and articles on 'pop psychology' topics) 大众心理学杂志(关于自助和现代心理学主题的文章) ? literary magazines (Short stories, poetry, reviews of new books, etc.) 文学杂 志(短篇小说,诗歌,最新书评等)

? short story magazines (Various short stories to read. Different genres exist, e.g., mystery stories, romance stories, crime stories, science fiction stories...) 短篇故事杂志(包含各种各样的短篇故事。包括了不同的文学流派,如怪诞小 说,爱情小说,犯罪小说,科幻小说等)

? political magazines (Usually political analysis and opinion rather than

objective political news) 政治杂志(通常包含政治分析和主张,而不是客观的 政治新闻)

? scholarly magazines (Specialized magazines for academics in different subjects) 学术杂志(关于不同学术科目的专业杂志)

23. Law 法律

? to commit a crime = to break the law (犯罪,违法)

? to disregard the law, to violate the law (藐视法律,犯法)

? to obey the law = to abide by the law( 遵守法律)

? a law-abiding citizen (奉公守法的市民)

? a crime = an infraction of the law = an offence (犯罪,违反法律) ? violent crime (暴力犯罪)

? economic crime (经济犯罪)

? a crime of passion (情杀罪,冲动犯罪)

? criminal negligence (过失犯罪) ? a ‘white collar crime’ (白领犯罪) ? a ‘victimless crime’ (无受害者犯罪) ? a criminal = a law breaker (罪犯,犯法的人) ? a juvenile delinquent (少年犯) ? be required by the law (依法的,法定的) ? against the law = illegal (违法的) ? within the law = legal, lawful (合法的,法律许可的) ? to ‘be above the law’ (凌驾于法律之上,不受法律限制) ? to ‘turn to crime’, to ‘be driven to crime’ (走上犯罪道路) ? organized crime (有组织的犯罪,集团犯罪) ? a criminal gang (犯罪集团,犯罪团伙) ? to prohibit (禁止,阻止) ? to ban (禁止,取缔) ? treason (叛逆,通敌) ? a felony (重罪) ? a misdemeanor (轻罪) ? murder (谋杀) ? manslaughter (杀人,过失杀人罪) ? assault (袭击) ? theft (a thief) 偷窃(小偷) ? robbery (a robber) 抢夺(强盗) ? burglary (a burglar) 夜盗行为(夜贼) ? rape (a rapist) 强奸(强奸犯) ? kidnapping (诱拐,绑架) ? fraud (欺诈) ? blackmail (勒索) ? bribery (行贿) ? graft (贪污,受贿) ? corruption (腐败,贪污) ? extortion 勒索,敲诈) ? slander (诽谤) ? to defame (诽谤) ? smuggling (走私) ? piracy (盗版) ? forgery (伪造) ? fake, counterfeit (伪造,假冒) ? drug trafficking (毒品走私) ? arson (纵火) ? insurance fraud (诈欺保险) ? bigamy (重婚罪) ? vandalism (故意毁坏文物的行为) ? gambling (赌博) ? a petty crime (轻度犯罪)

? a 'con man', a confidence trickster (骗子) ? a victim (受害者) ? compensation (补偿,赔偿) ? insider trading (内幕交易) ? prison = gaol (Br.) = jail (U.S. but also used in Britain and Australia) (监狱) ? punishment = a penalty (处罚) ? capital punishment = the death penalty (死刑) ? a sentence, to sentence, to pass sentence (宣判) ? a fine (罚款) ? a criminal record (前科,犯罪记录) ? a regulation, to regulate (规则) ? a harsh law, a harsh sentence (苛刻的法律,重判) ? a lenient sentence, a light sentence (轻判) ? to arrest someone (拘捕某人) ? innocent, guilty (清白的,有罪的) ? the police, the police force 警察部门,警察机关) ? a policeman, a policewoman, a police officer (U.S.) (警察,女警,警官) ? a police station, a police car, a police dog (警察局,警车,警犬) ? traffic police (交警) ? a detective (侦探) ? forensic science 司法科学) ? law enforcement, to enforce the law = to uphold the law (法律实施,执行法 律) ? crime prevention (犯罪预防) ? a deterrence (制止,威慑) ? a crackdown on crime (对犯罪进行制裁) ? to combat crime, to fight crime (打击犯罪) ? to prosecute, to defend (起诉,辩护) ? to be convicted of a crime (宣告有罪) ? evidence, proof (证据) ? a witness (证人,目击者) ? a law court = a court of law (法院,法庭) ? a trial (审判) ? a judge (法官) ? a magistrate (地方法官,地方官员) ? a lawyer = an attorney (U.S.), a barrister (Br.), a solicitor (Br.) (律师) ? to practice law (从事法律工作) ? a law firm (律师事务所) ? a law suit, to sue somebody (提出诉讼) ? a license, a business license, a driver's license (执照,营业执照,驾照) ? to enact a law, to institute a law, to adopt a law (制定法律,采用法律) ? to annul a law, to repeal a law (废除法律)

24. Water 水

Water Usage 用水

? consume/consumption (消耗)

? in agriculture (农业中的)

? in industry (工业中的)

? trickle irrigation (滴灌,细流灌溉)

? domestic uses (= household uses) (生活用水,家庭用水) ? watering public lawns and gardens (灌溉公共草坪和花园) ? taking/having a bath (洗澡)

? taking/having a shower (淋浴)

? cleaning/brushing your (my) teeth (刷牙)

? flushing the toilet (冲厕)

? washing the dishes (洗餐具)

? washing the car (洗车)

? turn off/turn on (关/开)

? a tap (U.S. = a faucet) (水龙头)

? a running tap (流淌着水的龙头)

25. Games 游戏

Adult games 成人游戏

? chess (国际象棋)

? mahjong (麻将)

? weiqi (围棋)

? card games (e.g., poker)卡片游戏(如#9@k)

? billiards, snooker (桌球,斯诺克)

? computer games (电脑游戏)

? drinking games (饮酒游戏)

Children's Games 儿童游戏

? marbles (弹球)

? 'hide and seek' (捉迷藏)

? hopscotch (跳房子游戏)

? 'scissors, rock and paper' (剪刀石头布)块

The following are the main sections that typical newspapers have. ? The Local News Section(当地新闻版)

? The International News Section(国际新闻版)

? The Editorial Section(社论版)

? Letters to the Editor(写给编辑的信)

? The Business Section (经济版)

? The Entertainment Section (娱乐版)

? The Sports Section (体育版)

? The Classified Advertisements Section (分类广告区) ? The Comics (Comic Strips) (漫画区)

22. Types of Magazines 杂志类型

There are magazines for almost every topic of interest, whether a sport, hobby, general interest or a career interest.

杂志的主题包括了几乎所有的兴趣类型,不论是体育、业余爱好、大众化兴趣或是与职 业有关的兴趣。

? sports magazines (e.g. Basketball, Football, Golf magazines) 体育杂志(如篮 球,足球,高尔夫杂志)

? tabloid magazines (Sensationalized and often exaggerated or untrue articles and gossip about celebrities. This magazine genre also includes magazines with unusual or sensationalized human-interest stories.) 八卦杂志(常常被炒 作和夸大,或是虚假的关于名人的文章和小道消息。一些包含不寻常的、炒作 的及能引起读者共鸣或同情的报道的杂志也属于这一类型。)

? movie magazines (Stories and reviews about the latest films) 电影杂志(关于 最新电影的影评和故事)

? music and entertainment magazines (Articles about pop music and movies and entertainment celebrities) 音乐娱乐杂志(关于流行音乐、电影和娱乐明星 的文章)

? news and current events magazines (News, news analysis and opinion pieces) 时事新闻杂志(新闻,新闻分析和评论)

? women's magazines (Topics of general interest to women, including

parenting, family, home, health, beauty and fashion, career and relationship

advice, and short stories.) 女性杂志(女性感兴趣的话题,包括养育子女,家庭, 住宅,健康,美容时尚,对职业生涯和人际关系的建议,以及短篇故事)

? beauty and fashion magazines (e.g., Vogue. Articles and many photographs on fashion and beauty for women) 美容时尚杂志(如Vogue 杂志,其中有许 多关于女性时尚及美容的文章和图片)

? teen magazines (Usually for teenage girls-general interest magazines for teenagers with topics such as romantic short stories, romance advice, fashion and beauty advice, entertainment etc.) 少儿杂志(对象一般为少女,包括青少 年感兴趣的话题,如浪漫短篇小说,情感建议,美容时尚建议及娱乐等)

? men's magazines (Short stories and articles of interest to (usually) young men, including pictures of pretty girls) 男性杂志(一般为年轻男士感兴趣的短篇小说 和文章,也包括漂亮女孩的图片)

? home and gardening magazines (Articles about buying a home, home

decoration, home maintenance, gardening etc.) 家居园艺杂志(关于购房,家居 装潢,家居保养,园艺等的一些文章)

? car magazines 汽车杂志

? military magazines (Articles and stories about military history, military

equipment and weaponry) 军事杂志(关于军事历史,军事装备和武器的文章 及故事)

? hobbyist magazines (e.g., stamp collecting, antiques, photography, different arts and crafts, pets, different games...) 爱好者杂志(如集邮,古董,摄影,各 种工艺美术,宠物,及各种游戏杂志)

? computer magazines (Articles about new developments and products in the

world of computers) 计算机杂志(关于计算机界的最新发展和创造的文章) ? computer game magazines 电脑游戏杂志

? business and money magazines (Articles about personal money

Management, investing, the stock market etc.) 商务理财杂志(有关个人理财, 投资及股票市场等)

? puzzle magazines (With puzzles to solve) 益智杂志(解谜)

? humor magazines (Jokes, funny cartoons, and humorous short stories) 幽默 杂志(笑话,趣味卡通以及一些诙谐的短篇故事)

? travel magazines (Articles about interesting places to visit) 旅游杂志(关于有 意思的旅游景点)

? science and nature magazines (e.g., National Geographic) 科学与自然杂志 (如国家地理杂志)

? health and fitness magazines 健康杂志

? popular psychology magazines (Self-help articles and articles on 'pop psychology' topics) 大众心理学杂志(关于自助和现代心理学主题的文章) ? literary magazines (Short stories, poetry, reviews of new books, etc.) 文学杂 志(短篇小说,诗歌,最新书评等)

? short story magazines (Various short stories to read. Different genres exist, e.g., mystery stories, romance stories, crime stories, science fiction stories...) 短篇故事杂志(包含各种各样的短篇故事。包括了不同的文学流派,如怪诞小 说,爱情小说,犯罪小说,科幻小说等)

? political magazines (Usually political analysis and opinion rather than

objective political news) 政治杂志(通常包含政治分析和主张,而不是客观的 政治新闻)

? scholarly magazines (Specialized magazines for academics in different subjects) 学术杂志(关于不同学术科目的专业杂志)

23. Law 法律

? to commit a crime = to break the law (犯罪,违法)

? to disregard the law, to violate the law (藐视法律,犯法)

? to obey the law = to abide by the law( 遵守法律)

? a law-abiding citizen (奉公守法的市民)

? a crime = an infraction of the law = an offence (犯罪,违反法律) ? violent crime (暴力犯罪)

? economic crime (经济犯罪)

? a crime of passion (情杀罪,冲动犯罪)

? criminal negligence (过失犯罪)

? a ‘white collar crime’ (白领犯罪)

? a ‘victimless crime’ (无受害者犯罪)

? a criminal = a law breaker (罪犯,犯法的人)

? a juvenile delinquent (少年犯)

? be required by the law (依法的,法定的)

? against the law = illegal (违法的)

? within the law = legal, lawful (合法的,法律许可的)

? to ‘be above the law’ (凌驾于法律之上,不受法律限制) ? to ‘turn to crime’, to ‘be driven to crime’ (走上犯罪道路) ? organized crime (有组织的犯罪,集团犯罪) ? a criminal gang (犯罪集团,犯罪团伙) ? to prohibit (禁止,阻止) ? to ban (禁止,取缔) ? treason (叛逆,通敌) ? a felony (重罪) ? a misdemeanor (轻罪) ? murder (谋杀) ? manslaughter (杀人,过失杀人罪) ? assault (袭击) ? theft (a thief) 偷窃(小偷) ? robbery (a robber) 抢夺(强盗) ? burglary (a burglar) 夜盗行为(夜贼) ? rape (a rapist) 强奸(强奸犯) ? kidnapping (诱拐,绑架) ? fraud (欺诈) ? blackmail (勒索) ? bribery (行贿) ? graft (贪污,受贿) ? corruption (腐败,贪污) ? extortion 勒索,敲诈) ? slander (诽谤) ? to defame (诽谤) ? smuggling (走私) ? piracy (盗版) ? forgery (伪造) ? fake, counterfeit (伪造,假冒) ? drug trafficking (毒品走私) ? arson (纵火) ? insurance fraud (诈欺保险) ? bigamy (重婚罪) ? vandalism (故意毁坏文物的行为) ? gambling (赌博) ? a petty crime (轻度犯罪) ? a 'con man', a confidence trickster (骗子) ? a victim (受害者) ? compensation (补偿,赔偿) ? insider trading (内幕交易) ? prison = gaol (Br.) = jail (U.S. but also used in Britain and Australia) ? punishment = a penalty (处罚) ? capital punishment = the death penalty (死刑) ? a sentence, to sentence, to pass sentence (宣判) (监狱)

? a fine (罚款) ? a criminal record (前科,犯罪记录) ? a regulation, to regulate (规则) ? a harsh law, a harsh sentence (苛刻的法律,重判) ? a lenient sentence, a light sentence (轻判) ? to arrest someone (拘捕某人) ? innocent, guilty (清白的,有罪的) ? the police, the police force 警察部门,警察机关) ? a policeman, a policewoman, a police officer (U.S.) (警察,女警,警官) ? a police station, a police car, a police dog (警察局,警车,警犬) ? traffic police (交警) ? a detective (侦探) ? forensic science 司法科学) ? law enforcement, to enforce the law = to uphold the law (法律实施,执行法 律)

? crime prevention (犯罪预防) ? a deterrence (制止,威慑) ? a crackdown on crime (对犯罪进行制裁) ? to combat crime, to fight crime (打击犯罪) ? to prosecute, to defend (起诉,辩护) ? to be convicted of a crime (宣告有罪) ? evidence, proof (证据) ? a witness (证人,目击者) ? a law court = a court of law (法院,法庭) ? a trial (审判) ? a judge (法官)

? a magistrate (地方法官,地方官员) ? a lawyer = an attorney (U.S.), a barrister (Br.), a solicitor (Br.) (律师) ? to practice law (从事法律工作) ? a law firm (律师事务所) ? a law suit, to sue somebody (提出诉讼) ? a license, a business license, a driver's license (执照,营业执照,驾照) ? to enact a law, to institute a law, to adopt a law (制定法律,采用法律) ? to annul a law, to repeal a law (废除法律)

24. Water 水

Water Usage 用水 ? consume/consumption (消耗) ? in agriculture (农业中的) ? in industry (工业中的) ? trickle irrigation (滴灌,细流灌溉) ? domestic uses (= household uses) (生活用水,家庭用水) ? watering public lawns and gardens (灌溉公共草坪和花园)

? taking/having a bath (洗澡)

? taking/having a shower (淋浴)

? cleaning/brushing your (my) teeth (刷牙)

? flushing the toilet (冲厕)

? washing the dishes (洗餐具)

? washing the car (洗车)

? turn off/turn on (关/开)

? a tap (U.S. = a faucet) (水龙头)

? a running tap (流淌着水的龙头)

25. Games 游戏

Adult games 成人游戏

? chess (国际象棋)

? mahjong (麻将)

? weiqi (围棋)

? card games (e.g., poker)卡片游戏(如#9@k)

? billiards, snooker (桌球,斯诺克)

? computer games (电脑游戏)

? drinking games (饮酒游戏)

Children's Games 儿童游戏

? marbles (弹球)

? 'hide and seek' (捉迷藏)

? hopscotch (跳房子游戏)

? 'scissors, rock and paper' (剪刀石头布)

26. Playgrounds 游乐场

Basic List (基本列表)

a swing (秋千)

a slide = a slippery dip (滑梯)

a carousel (旋转木马)

a see-saw (跷跷板)

a jungle-gym = a set of monkey bars (攀玩架,又称“猴架儿”,爬杆)

27. Sports Facilities 体育设施

The information here was written especially to help people answer the questions, "What sports facilities are there near where you live?" and, "What sports facilities are there at your university?"

? The word 'facility' includes the two ideas of a place and the special

equipment in that place, to be used for a certain activity. When speaking of 'sports facilities', you can replace the idea of 'equipment' with the idea of "something special about that place". For example, a running track has no

"equipment" but it is especially designed, with lines on the ground representing the running lanes.

? For the question, "What sports facilities are there near where you live?",

the meaning is facilities that the general public can use. This includes: facilities that people can use, free of cost; facilities that people must pay to use; and it also includes such facilities as private sports clubs that you, as a member of the public, can join if you want.

Maybe there's a private school in your community that has a swimming pool and

several tennis courts. If you, a non-student at the school, are not allowed to enter and use these facilities (even when you offer to pay), then it is not suitable to include the school's sports facilities as examples of sports facilities near where you live. Of course,

you could mention these facts to the examiner and explain how these facilities exist but are not available for the public to use, and that would be suitable for a Part 3 answer but a little unsuitable for Part 1 unless you firstly address the question of facilities available to the public. Anyway, in Part 1 you probably won't have time to give

such an extended and detailed example.

? What is 'sport'? A sport is a physical activity that is done for exercise and amusement (although some sports involve very little exercise and focus more on physical skills.)

Some sports are done mostly for competition, such as football, basketball or tennis. This is the main group of activities that people think of when using the word, 'sport'. These competitive sports have set rules and special areas where the activity is done.

A broader definition of 'sport' includes some physical activities that are done purely for recreation, not competition, such as hunting, fishing, or horseback riding. Most of the water sports such as scuba-diving, snorkeling, water skiing and surfing (surfboard riding) are non-competitive, although water skiing and surfing competitions are held sometimes.

The 'extreme sports' are also usually non-competitive. These sports really involve competing against oneself or against nature. Examples of these are: 'sky diving',

'white water rafting' down a fast-moving river or mountain climbing (rock climbing), such as climbing Mt. Everest (珠穆朗玛).

Some sports don't require much physical exertion but do require physical skills, for example pistol shooting. Similarly, games such as snooker (斯诺克) which are games of physical skill rather than physical exertion are usually also classified as 'sports'. ? Make sure you know the difference between "sport" and simple "exercise". A sport usually involves physical skills but exercise (锻炼身体) is simply the

physical activity of 'moving the body' – walking up the stairs to your 4th-floor apartment is a form of exercise but it's not sport. A "walking path" in a public park might be used by a lot of people for exercise, but it is unsuitable to

describe that as a, "sports facility".

Sometimes there is a 'fine line' (= an unclear dividing line) between what is exercise and what is sport. For example, if you go to the swimming pool three times a week and swim ten laps of the pool each time, can you say that you do a sports activity? Personally, I would call it a form of exercise, not sport. (Certainly you cannot say that

is 'playing a sport' because you can only 'play' a game and swimming, even in

competition, is not a "game".) On the other hand, if you hit a ping-pong ball across a ping-pong table with your friend for an hour, without keeping score, then I would say you are playing a sport, even though you are not actually playing a formal, competitive game of ping-pong.

However, even though I think swimming laps in a swimming pool is not sport, and even though very few Chinese people swim as a competitive sport, it is still suitable to call a swimming pool a 'sports facility' because in other parts of the world, a swimming pool is a place that is often used for sporting competition. For example, in Australia, every public swimming pool has a swimming club where the members hold swimming competitions against each other and against other swimming clubs.

I also would not call 'a gymnasium' a sports facility, where 'gymnasium' here simply means 'an exercise room' with weights and exercise machines. But it's probably ok to use that example in your answer, provided you communicate to the examiner the idea that, "it's not really a sports facility but more an exercise facility".

The word, 'gymnasium' can also be used to mean, 'an indoor sports arena' where sporting competitions are held – that certainly is a sports facility.

? Below are some common examples of sports facilities that are found in a town/city or school/university. Of course, there are others. And of course, for some of these, using the plural might be more appropriate, for example, "some basketball courts" and "some ping-pong tables".

? Most of these examples are compound nouns (复合名词). To speak these, the first word is spoken with more stress than the second word. "More stress"

simply means "a little louder". The stressed part of the compound nouns are shown with heavier print, such as "table tennis", where the word "table" is

spoken a little louder than the word, "tennis".

a swimming pool (游泳池)

a basketball court (篮球场)

a badminton court (羽毛球场)

a tennis court (网球场)

a squash court (壁球场)

a volleyball court (排球场)

a football field (足球场)

a baseball field (棒球场)

a hockey field (曲棍球场)

an athletics field (田径场)

a running track (跑道)

a cycling track (自行车道)

a golf course (高尔夫球场)

a golf driving range (高尔夫球练习场)

an archery range (射箭场)

a shooting range (射击场)

a shooting gallery (射击场)

a) a gymnasium ( = a room for exercising, weightlifting, etc. This item is suitable if you add the fact that it's really an exercise facility rather than a sports facility.) (健身房) b) a gymnasium = an indoor stadium = a big competition room (大厅) that probably has seats for spectators and with facilities for such competitions as weightlifting, gymnastics, basketball, volleyball etc. (体育馆)

a bowling alley (for ten-pin bowling) (保龄球馆)

an ice-skating rink / a roller-skating rink / a skating rink (溜冰场)

a ski slope / a ski run / a ski resort (滑雪场)

ping-pong tables (= table tennis tables) (乒乓球台)

a billiard room / a pool hall (台球室)

a skateboarding park (滑板公园)

a mountain bike track = a mountain bike competition ground (山地自行车赛道) Exercise Facilities

The following examples are not suitable to use if the question is, "What sports

facilities are there near where you live?" As noted above, "exercise" and "sport" are not exactly the same in meaning. However, it is possible to include these examples in your answer to that question, if you communicate to the examiner that you know the difference between "exercise facilities" and "sports facilities" and you are giving an extended answer to the question. This is especially true if either of the two questions 贾若寒作品:《雅思满分流利口语(第二版)》

about sports facilities are used in Part 3. You are unlikely to have enough time in Part 1 for such an extended answer.

"exercise machines in an exercise area" ( = "exercise equipment" in public parks or public exercise areas) (运动机械)

a gymnasium / an exercise room (健身房)

a walking path in a public park (公园里的散步道路)

a jogging track (慢跑道路)

a yoga class (Yoga is classified as a form of exercise or a form of physical training rather than "a sport".) (瑜伽课)

an aerobics class (or, an aerobics group) (有氧健身课程)

a 'jazz dancing' class or group (which some women join as a form of exercise) (爵 士舞课程)

a hiking club; a mountain trail for hiking (徒步健身俱乐部)

28. Time Management 时间管理

punctual (准时的)

punctuality (准时)

to plan ahead (提前)

on time (准时的)

on schedule (准时的)

a deadline (最后期限)

timely punctual (准时的)

a "rush job" (“__________紧急的工作”)

at short notice (立即,仓促)

to be behind time (延迟)

to delay (延迟)

to put off doing something (延迟做某事)

to leave somehing till the last moment (拖到最后一分钟才做)

to procrastinate (拖延)

to postpone (拖延)

overdue (超时,过期)

the due time (交货时间)

the due date(交货日期)

prompt, promptly (快速的,迅速的)

to fall behind (落后)

to be behind(落后)

to rush (赶快)

to hurry(赶快)

urgent(紧急的)

to cram (for an exam) (为考试死记硬背)

to be pressed for time (赶工)

a crash study program (紧迫的学习项目)

a timetable (时间表)

a schedule (时间表)

to fritter away one’s time (浪费某人的时间)

a short-term goal (短期目标)

a long-term goal (长期目标)

goal-setting (目标制定)

a priority (优先权)

high priority (高优先级)

low priority (低优先级)

efficient, inefficient (有效率的,无效率的)

organized (有组织的)

flexible (灵活的)

29. Bags 包

a handbag (The bag that most women carry.) (女士用的手提包)

a purse (Usually a purse is a small bag that a woman uses to hold her money and she keeps it in her handbag when she is carrying her handbag. But sometimes, especially in American English, "a purse" is used to mean "a handbag".) (女士钱包) a shoulder bag (单肩包)

a backpack (A "rucksack" and a "haversack" are words for a bigger type of backpack that people use when they are hiking and camping, although we also can call those bigger bags, "backpacks".) (双肩包)

a book bag (A book bag can be a shoulder bag or a small backpack that school children use.) (书包)

a briefcase (Carried by businesspeople and also by some older students.) (公文包)

a laptop computer bag (Some people use this to carry things other than their laptop computer. Or some people always carry this with them wherever they go because they take their laptop computer with them everywhere. It can hold a few extra small things besides the laptop computer.) (笔记本电脑包)

a shopping bag (A bag that is usually carried by a woman , especially an older woman, when she goes shopping.) (女士的购物包)

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