精品

怎样写好分家合同及范文

分家合同

一、什么是分家合同？

分家合同是基层组织的领导同志和分家者的亲友帮助人口较

多，决定分居生活的家庭，单独过生活的时候，所常使用的一种应用文样式（在基层工作的同志，已工作和待业的知识青年同志、在校的初、高中同学、大学生等都有可能被聘请去为你所认识的同志写分家合同。如果你不会写，那是会使人失望的。

二、怎样写好分家合同？

（一）写分家合同草稿之前，你要详细了解这个家庭的有关的全部清况。特别是对分家中的争执、经说合和协商后各方都同意的意见，要问准确，搞透彻。为此我希望对某个家庭写分家合同的同志，能参加他们分家的全部过程。

（二）要懂得并掌握分家合同的结构方法。

对于分家合同，我见到的不多，但听说的却不少。现根据我搜

精品

精品

集的材料，讲点写法，供同志们写作时参考。一篇分家合同有以下几部分组成。第一部分是分家合同的标题：一般用分家合同四个字标出，说明它属于什么性质的合同。其位置写在合同纸的中间，字要大点，不要潦草。

第二部分是分家合同的正文。要依次写出如下几层意思：

1.写分家人的姓名。有几个参与分家都写上去。位置在标题下面，另起一行，空两格。过去分家没有女孩的事，只有男孩才能分得家产，这是违背我国法律的。这是不对的，应纠正过来。女孩有同兄弟一样享有分得父母财产的权利。这一层的写法有两种：

第一种，连写法。即把参与分家的兄弟姐妹按年龄大小的次序都写好。如果其中有人已经工作在外，或是女孩已出嫁在婆家生活他（或她）主动放弃分取家产而让给其他分家者，合同上不再写他（她）的姓名。但是在正文中要列一条进行说明，以此作为凭据。在参与分家的人数较多的时候，可以选用此种写法。

第二种，并写法。在人少时可用此种方法，如：

立合同人王家明

精品

精品

王家良

2.写分家合同的目的。写在分家人姓名下，另起一行，空两格。这层意思，多用一两句话加以表达，千万不要写得过多，只说明为了什么目的而立分家合同就行了。

3.写这家兄弟姐妹在基层单位领导代表、亲友、父母亲指导、帮助下，每人都能接受的协议条件。分家合同的主要内容都写在这里，写得要清楚、准确、具体，切忌含糊，以免事后争执。

4.写本合同一式几份，由谁保存。

5.署名和日期。分开写，从正文右下方第三行处开始。先写参与立合同人的姓名，再写日期。立合同人的姓名要本人自己签名，而且在姓名上要加盖私章或按指印。如有的立合同人不会写字，可请别人代替签名，但按印不能找人代替。在分家合同的全文的后面，一般还要单占几行，写清楚协助分家人的姓名，以便将来在执行中发生问题，请他们作证和调解。

写分家合同条文过程中还要注意以下几点事项：

1.分家合同一经各个人签名盖章或按指印，就要生效执行，对

精品

精品

每人都有约束力，所以在生效之前，大家对分家合同的条文要十分认真的进行讨论研究，不可草率从事。

2，分家合同中表示钱数和物品的数目字要用十个大写数字。如你写不准时，要查一下字典。为减少麻烦，我把这十个字写在下面，供选用。它们是：壹、贰、叁、肆、伍、陆、柒、捌、玖、拾。此外，“零”不要用“0”代替。

3在语句上要写清楚，不能笼统。因某些语句意义有分歧而发生纠纷的事是屡见不鲜的。希执笔的同志要注意。

分家合同范文

分家合同

立合同人赵拴柱、赵留柱、赵月华（女）

因家中人口较多，经过充分商量，决定全家分三户立灶过活。为此，特立分家合同，共同遵守，认真执行。

一、从公元xxxx年10月10日起，全家十口人分为三家独立生活。分家后的组成是：赵拴柱同爱人刘玉芝及其两个孩分为一家，赵

精品

精品

留柱同爱人史梅英及其女孩为一家，赵月华同父亲赵文成、母亲陆永秀为一家。

二、从xxxx年1月1日开始，一直承包耕种生产队土地叁拾亩。分家后，按人口平均分到各户。赵拴柱家人肆口，分承包土地壹拾贰亩，赵留柱家人叁口，分承包土地玖亩；赵月华同父母共叁人，分承包土地玖亩。分家前，以赵文成名义同生产队仃立的承包合同，在未修改或重仃以前，仍然有效，各家必须认真执行。

三、分家前全家宅子有两处，瓦房八间。分家后，赵拴柱一家住在村西头新宅不动，院内全部财产归其所有。赵留柱一家仍住在村中老宅子的两间东屋

瓦房内不动，房子归其所有；此院的捌分宅基地的南部一半分给赵留柱一家使用。赵月华同其父母亲仍住在村中老宅子北端的叁间瓦房内。这三间瓦房及宅子的北半部分宅基地，归赵月华及其父母使用。赵文成夫妻百年之后，他们同赵月华一同分得的财产，由赵月华支配。

四、家中原有农具、粮食、牲畜等，合理折价，由赵拴柱、赵留柱、赵月华兄妹三人平均分开。银行里的肆千元存款，除为赵文成

精品

精品

夫妻留壹仟元外，其余叁仟由赵拴柱、赵留柱、赵月华三家平分，去银行各立户头，自由存取。

五、由于赵文成夫妻年纪较大，赵检柱、赵留柱及他们的爱人，共同提出：在农忙季节和特殊困难时期，主动帮助父母、妹妹搞好农作物的收、种、打、藏等项重体力劳动。

六、赵文成夫妻百年之后所需费用，由赵拴柱、赵留柱、赵月华兄妹三人共同负担。

此合同从公元xxxx年10月10日起开始执行。

此合同一式五份，赵拴柱、赵留柱、赵月华兄妹三人各一份，他们的大舅父陆永亮存一份。村委会存一份。

赵栓柱（盖章）赵留柱（盖章）赵月华（盖章）xxxx年10月9日

参加和帮助分家的领导、亲友的名单是：

赵家村党支部副书记王为民（盖章）

精品

精品

赵家村第五居民组组长张兴昌（盖章）

分家合同执笔人冯松竹（盖章）

赵拴柱、赵留柱、赵月华的大舅陆永亮赵拴拄、赵留柱、赵月华的父亲赵文成赵拴柱、赵留柱、赵月华的母亲陆永秀

（指印）（指印）（指印）《怎样写好分家合同及范文》

精品

第二篇：写好合同50招

====================================================== FIFTY TIPS FOR WRITING THE 21ST CENTURY CONTRACT THAT

STAYS OUT OF COURT

二十一世纪写好合同的五十招

Published in The Florida Bar Journal, Nov. 2000

（本文于20xx年11月发表于美国佛罗里达州的律师杂志上） Note: This article is for background purposes only and is not intended as

legal advice.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Welcome to the 21st Century. Where practicing law requires us to don the garb of computers and the Internet. And where litigation is as costly as ever. Lawyer bills running $10,000 a month are not unusual in a hotly contested breach of contract lawsuit. With every word, phrase and sentence carrying the potential for winning or losing, the stakes are high. Simple logic, therefore, directs us to cautious and thoughtful drafting.

新世纪的到来，要求我们在法律实践中应该多用电脑和互联网，不过，诉讼成本还是那么地高，面对日益竞争激烈的违约诉讼，律师每月开出1万美元的账单也是常有的事。合同中的每一个字，每一个词，每一句话，都意味着潜在的输或赢，换句话说，押在这上面下的赌注也很大，所以，在起草合同时要把握两条原则：小心谨慎和深思熟虑。

Drafting contracts is actually one of the simple pleasures of practicing law. Just 3 years ago at this Convention I presented 50 tips for contract writing. This article updates those tips in the context of our new tools and abilities. Following these tips could result in your writing a contract so clear no one will want to litigate it, saving your client from the trials and

tribulations of litigation, truly a good reason to write the contract that stays out of court.

然而，起草合同的确又是法律实践中一件有意思的事儿。大约三年前，也是在这样一个会议上，我提出了合同起草的50招。本文在那些招数的基础上，结合一些新的工具和技能，推出了下面这个新版本,但愿它们能帮助你起草无可挑剔的合同，让你的客户免受诉讼的困扰。

These tips apply to writing all kinds of agreements: office leases, real estate contracts, sales agreements, employment contracts, equipment leases, prenuptial agreements. They even apply to stipulations and settlements in litigation, where you want an agreement so clear that it avoids future litigation. Wherever clarity and simplicity are important, these tips will guide you there. The Appendix provides a few sample forms to illustrate these tips.

这些招数适用于各种合同，比如，办公租赁合同、不动产合同、买卖合同、劳动合同、设备租赁合同、婚前协议。同样，如果你不想让你在诉讼中所起草的和解条款与协议再起争议的话，也可以参考一下这些招数。另外，通过了解这些招数，你就会明白，起草合同，清晰、简明是多么地重要。

Before You Write the First Word

第一部分：在动笔之前

1. Ask your client to list the deal points. This can be in the form of a list, outline or narration. Doing this will help the client focus on the terms of the agreement.

1.要求你的客户列出合同交易的要点，也可以说是合同的清单、目录或概述。这

一招首先帮助你的客户弄清合同的重点所在。

2. Engage your client in "what if" scenarios. A good contract will anticipate many possible factual situations and express the parties' understanding in case those facts arise. Talking to your client about this will generate many issues you may not otherwise consider.

2.让你的客户提供一些假设可能发生的情况。好的合同不仅能够预见到许多可能发生的情况，而且还能清楚地描述出发生这些情况后合同双方的立场。和客户聊这些情况将有助于你发现一些你可能没有考虑到的问题。

3. Ask your client for a similar contract. Frequently, clients have had similar transactions in the past or they have access to contracts for similar transactions.

3.请求你的客户提供类似的合同。通常情况下，客户都保留着过去的交易记录或者是类似合同。

4. Search your office computer or the Internet for a similar form. Many times you can find a similar form on your computer. It may be one you prepared for another client or one you negotiated with another lawyer. Just remember to find and replace the old client's name. Starting with an existing form saves time and avoids the errors of typing. Here are some Web sites where you can find forms:

/

/library.html

/~wyman/flo.html

/

4.在办公室的电脑中或是在因特网上搜索类似的合同范本。通常你会在你的电脑上找到你想要的东西，这些类似的合同范本要么是你给其他客户准备的，要么是你和其他的律师共同协商起草的。使用这些旧合同可以为你节省时间和避免打印错误，不过，用这些合同范本时别忘了替换掉老客户的名字。下面是些有关合同范本的网址，供参考：

/

/library.html

/~wyman/flo.html

5. Obtain forms in books or CD-ROM. Typical forms of contracts can be found in form books, such as West's Legal Forms (a nationwide set) and Florida Jur Forms, as well as in treatises and Florida Bar CLE publications. These can be used as the starting point for drafting the contract or as

checklists of typical provisions and wording to include in the contract. Many treatises and form books now come with forms on disk or CD-ROM.

5.从书中或者是光盘上获取合同范本。典型的合同范本在一些范例书中都可能找到：比如,西方法律文书（全国版）佛罗里达州文书期刊，另外，在有些论文和佛罗里达州律师协会的法律继续教育出版物中也可以找到一些。起草合同时，你可以把这些范本当做原始资料，利用其中某些典型的条款和措词。更为方便的是，许多论文和书中的合同范本都有电子文本储存在磁盘或光盘中。

6. Don't let your client sign a letter of intent without this wording.

Sometimes clients are anxious to sign something to show good faith before the contract is prepared. A properly worded letter of intent is useful at such times. Just be sure that the letter of intent clearly states that it is not a contract, but that it is merely an outline of possible terms for discussion purposes. See Appendix C.

6.如果没有特别申明，不要让你的客户在意向书上签字。有时候，在合同未准备好之前，客户为了表示诚意，往往急于签署某些东西，当然，在这种情况下，如果客户急于签署的是有特别申明的意向书，这也是可以的，但一定要注明：本意向书并非合同，只是双方为了更好地沟通协商，而拟定的对未来条款的概述。类似意向书的范例见附录C。

Writing that First Word

第二部分：开始起草合同

7. Start with a simple, generic contract form. The form in Appendix A is

such a form. It provides a solid starting point for the structure of the contract. Like a house, a contract must have a good, solid foundation.

7.从简单、典型的合同入手。附录A就是一个简单、典型的合同，它提供了一个合同的基本支架。像房子一样，一个合同必须有一个牢固的根基。

8. State the correct legal names of the parties in the first paragraph. As obvious as this is, it is one of the most common problems in contracts. For individuals, include full first and last name, and middle initials if available,

and other identifying information, if appropriate, such as Jr., M.D., etc. For corporations, check with the Secretary of State where incorporated.

8.在合同的第一段要写清楚双方的名称。，这是个简单而又不得不引起重视的问题。如果是个人，要写清姓和名,中间有大写字母和其他身份信息的，也要注明，例如：jr.,M.D,等等；如果是公司，为避免弄错，写名称时可以到公司注册地的相应机构去核对一下。

9. Identify the parties by nicknames. Giving each party a nickname in the first paragraph will make the contract easier to read. For example, James W. Martin would be nicknamed "Martin."

9.确定合同双方的别称（简称）。为便于阅读，一般要在合同的第一段为双方弄一个别称，如：将詹姆士.马丁简写为"马丁"。

10. Be careful when using legal terms for nicknames. Do not use

"Contractor" as a nickname unless that party is legally a contractor. Do not use "Agent" unless you intend for that party to be an agent, and if you do, then you better specify the scope of authority and other agency issues to avoid future disagreements.

10.使用法定术语作为双方当事人的别称时，要小心。除非一方当事人在法定上就是承包人，否则不要将"承包人"作为其别称。同样，除非你想让一方当事人成为法定上的代理人，否则不要称其为"代理人"，如果坚持要用，最好明确一下代理范围并找到其他可以避免将来争执的方案。

11. Include a blank for the date in the first paragraph. Putting the date in the

first paragraph makes it easy to find after the contract is signed. It also makes it easy to describe the contract in other documents in a precise way, such as the "December 20, 2000, Contract for Sale of Real Estate."

11.在合同的第一段要为书写签约时间留下空格。把签约时间放在第一段，当合同签署后，你就能够很容易地找到它，而且，这样做还可以给你在其他相关文件中准确地描述这个合同提供帮助，范例如：不动产买卖合同，订立于20xx年12月20日

12. Include to provide background. Recitals are the "whereas" clauses that precede the body of a contract. They provide a simple way to bring the contract's reader (party, judge or jury) up to speed on what the contract is about, who the parties are, why they are signing a contract, etc. The first paragraph in the body of the contract can incorporate the recitals by reference and state that they are true and correct. This will avoid a later argument as to whether or not the recitals are a legally binding part of the contract.

12.书写引述语。引述语是指那些放在合同主体前面的"鉴于"条款。书写此类条款的目的是为了让读者（通常指合同双方，法官，陪审团）很快地了解到合同的主要内容是什么，合同双方是谁，以及他们为什么签订合同，等等。当然，合同主体的第一段也可以加上引述语并陈述其是真实准确的，如果这样做了，合同双方将来就不会争执：引述语作为合同的一部分是否具有法律效力？

13. Outline the contract by writing out and underlining paragraph headings in their logical order. The paragraphs should flow in logical, organized fashion. It is not necessary to write them all at once; you can write them as

you think of them. Try to group related concepts in the same paragraphs or in adjacent paragraphs. For example, write an employment contract's initial paragraph headings like this:

Recitals.

Employment.

Duties.

Term.

Compensation.

13.按逻辑顺序列出合同段落的标题词.合同的段落是按一定的逻辑顺序组织起来的，当然，你并不需要一下子列出所有段落的标题词，想到多少就写多少，不过，这些标题词要力求总结出每个段落或相关段落的内容。比如：撰写劳动合同时列出的标题词就像下面这些：

引述语

聘用

职责

期限

赔偿

14. Complete each paragraph by writing the contract terms that apply to that paragraph. This is simple. You learned this in elementary school. Just explain in words what the parties agree to do or not do paragraph by paragraph.

14.在撰写每一段时要注意内容集中，不要东拉西扯，是的，这很简单，你可能上小学时就学过，但我还是要提醒你，要集中火力，一段一段地分别说明合同双方同意做什么，不同意做什么。

15. Keep a pad at hand to remember clauses to add. It is normal to think of additional clauses, wording and issues while writing a contract. Jot these down on a pad as you write; they are easily forgotten. Also keep your client's outline and other forms in front of you as you write, and check off items as you write them.

15.放一个便笺簿在手边，以便记下需要添加的条款。在书写合同的同时，你可能随时会想到一些需要添加条款、措词和问题，要尽快记在便笺簿上，因为他们太容易忘了。另外，你最好将客户列出的要点和一些类似的合同范本也放在眼前，以便在书写过程中随时查对。

16. Repeat yourself only when repetition is necessary to improve clarity. Ambiguity is created by saying the same thing more than once; it is almost impossible to say it twice without creating ambiguity. Only if the concept is a difficult one should you write it in more than one way. In addition, if you use an example to clarify a difficult concept or formula, be sure that all possible meanings are considered and that the example is accurate and consistent with the concept as worded.

16.除非是为了更清晰地说明问题，否则不要在合同中重复陈述某个内容。将一个事实来回地说很容易让人模棱两可。如果你将一个概念重复地解释，那理解起来就更有困难。另外，如果你想通过一个例子来阐明一个难以理解的概念或规则时，一定要考虑到其所有的含义、这个例子的准确性以及它和概念的相符性。

What to Watch Out for When Writing

第三部分：撰写时的注意事项

17. Title it "Contract." Do not leave this one to chance. If your client wants a contract, call it a contract. A judge now sitting on the federal bench once ruled that a document entitled "Proposal" was not a contract even though signed by both parties. The lesson learned is, "Say what you mean." If you intend the document to be a legally binding contract, use the word "Contract" in the title.

17.标题上注明"合同"两字。不要为碰运气而忽略这个。如果你的客户需要合同，就要注明是合同。一个仍在联邦法院里任职的法官就曾经裁定：有双方签字，但标有"建议书"的文件并非合同。这给我们的教训就是，你怎么想，就应该怎么说。如果你想让你的文件成为具有法律效力的合同，就要在标题中注明"合同"字样。

18. Write in short sentences. Short sentences are easier to understand than long ones.

18.写短句子，因为短句子比长句子让人更容易理解。

19. Write in active tense, rather than passive. Active tense sentences are shorter and use words more efficiently, and their meaning is more apparent. Example of active: "Sellers shall sell the Property to Buyer." Example of passive: "The Property shall be sold to Buyer by Seller."

19.用主动语态而不用被动语态。相对而言，主动语态的句子更简短，措词更精练，表达更明白。还是让我们来来看一个例子吧，主动语态的句子：卖方将把此物卖给买方;被动语态的句子：此物将被卖方卖给买方。

20. Don''t use the word "biweekly." It has two meanings: twice a week and every other week. The same applies to "bimonthly." Instead, write "every other week" or "twice a week."

20.不要用“双周”之类的词，因为这有可能产生歧义----是两周还是每隔一周？类似的词还有"双月",所以最好这样写:"两周"或"每隔一周"。

21. Don''t say things like "active termites and organisms". Avoid ambiguity by writing either "active termites and active organisms" or "organisms and active termites." When adding a modifier like "active" before a compound of nouns like "termites and organisms", be sure to clarify whether you

intend the modifier to apply to both nouns or just the first one. If you intend it to apply to both, use parallel construction and write the modifier in front of each noun. If you intend it to apply to just one noun, place that one noun at the end of the list and the modifier directly in front of it.

21.不要说"活动着的白蚁和有机体"之类的话，为了避免模棱两可，最好这样写：“活动着的白蚁和活动着的有机体”或是“白蚁和活动着的有机体”。当一组名词（如"白蚁和有机体"）前有一个修饰语（如"活动着的"）时，你一定要弄清楚这个修饰语是修饰两个名词还是仅仅修饰第一个名词。如果是修饰两个词，可以用排比的手法分别在这两个词之前加上修饰语，如果你只想修饰一个名词，那么你就应该把这个词放在这组词的最后，然后在它的前面加上修饰语。

22. Don''t say "Lessor" and "Lessee." These are bad nicknames for a lease because they are easily reversed or mistyped. Use "Landlord" and "Tenant" instead. The same applies to lienor and lienee, mortgagor and mortgagee, grantor and grantee, licensor and licensee, party A and party B. This is

where you can use your creativity to come up with a different nickname for a party, as long as you use it consistently throughout the contract.

22.不要说“出租人”和“承租人”。这对一个租赁合同来说是些不好的别称，因为他们容易被颠倒或者出现打印错误。可以用“房东”和“房客”来代替他们。同样，在合同中也不要说留臵权人和留臵人，抵押权人和抵押人，保证人和被保证人，许可人和被许可人，当事人A和当事人B......到底怎么说，这就要看你驾驭语言的能力了，不过，要把握的一条原则，即在整个合同中，对合同一方只能用一个别称。

23. Watch out when using "herein." Does "wherever used herein" mean anywhere in the contract or anywhere in the paragraph? Clarify this ambiguity if it matters.

23.使用术语“本文（herein，也可译为”“在这里”）时要当心。为了避免含糊不清，使用“本文”时最好特别申明一下“本文”是指整个合同，还是指其所在的某一段落。

24. Write numbers as both words and numerals: ten (10). This will reduce the chance for errors.

24.写数目时要文字和阿拉伯数字并用，如：拾（10）。这将减少一些不经意的错误。

25. When you write "including" consider adding "but not limited to." Unless you intend the list to be all-inclusive, you had better clarify your intent that it is merely an example.

25.如果你想用"包括"这个词，就要考虑在其后加上"但不限于....."的分句。除非你能够列出所有被包括的项，否则最好用"但不限于...."的分句，来说明你只是想举个例子。

26. Don''t rely on the rules of grammar. The rules of grammar that you learned in school are not universal. The judge or jury interpreting the meaning of your contract may have learned different rules. Write the

contract so that no matter what rules they learned, the contract is clear and unambiguous. Follow this test for clear writing: Remove all periods and

commas, then read it. Choosing the right words and placing them in the right place makes the writing clear without punctuation.

26.不要依赖于语法规则。那些你在学校里得到的语法规则并不是放之四海而皆准的东西，因为有权力来解释此合同的法官或陪审团成员学的语法规则可能和你学的不一样，但不管学的是什么规则，撰写合同都要遵循一个基本原则：简洁、明确。检测你写的东西是否达到这个要求有个好办法，那就是去掉所有的句号和逗号，然后去读它。在没有标点符号的情况下，选择正确的词语放在正确的位臵上，这将使你写出来的东西更简明，更流畅。

27. Don''t be creative with words. Contract writing is not creative writing and is not meant to provoke reflective thoughts or controversies about

nuances of meaning. Contract writing is clear, direct and precise. Therefore, use common words and common meanings. Write for the common man and the common woman.

27.不要创造词语。合同文书不是创造性的作品，也就不能因为意思的细微差别

而引起思考或争论。合同文书应该是清晰、直接而准确的。因此，要使用普通的词语,表达普通的意思，为普通人撰写合同。

28. Be consistent in using words. If you refer to the subject matter of a sales contract as "goods" use that term throughout the contract; do not alternately call them "goods" and "items." Maintaining consistency is more important than avoiding repetition. Don''t worry about putting the reader to sleep;

worry about the opposing lawyer a year from now hunting for ambiguities to get your contract into court.

28.用词一致。在一份销售合同中，如果你想用“货物”来指整个合同的标的物，就不要时而称它们为“货物”，时而又改称它们为“产品”。保持用词一致性比避免重复更加重要。不要担心这会让读者打瞌睡；你应该提防的是对方律师会因为含糊不清的合同而将你告上法庭。

29. Be consistent in grammar and punctuation. The rules of grammar and punctuation you learned may differ from others, but you had better be consistent in your use of them. Be aware of such things as where you put ending quote marks, whether you place commas after years and states, and similar variations in style.

29.在文法和标点符号上保持一致。你可能学过许多不同类的文法和标点符号规则，但在使用它们时最好保持一致。要特别注意句末的引号、时间和地点之后的逗号以及文风的相似性。

30. Consider including choice of law, venue selection, and attorneys fee

clauses. If your contract gets litigated, you might as well give your client some "ammunition" for the fight. Examples of these clauses appear in Appendices A and C.

30.可以在合同中加入准据法、审判地、律师费等条款。有了这些条款，一旦合同引起诉讼，你就已经为了你的客户打这场诉讼战准备了一些“弹药”。类似的条款见附录A和B。

Write for the Judge and Jury

第四部分：要为法官和陪审团考虑

31. Assume the reader is a knowledgeable layman. If your writing is so clear that a layman could understand it, then it is less likely it will end up in court.

31.要假设合同的读者是一个受过教育的外行,如果你书写的合同简明得连一个外行都能理解，那么即使到了法庭上,,你也不用害怕。

32. Define a word by capitalizing it and putting it in quotes. Capitalizing a word indicates that you intend it to have a special meaning. The following are two sample clauses for defining terms:

Wherever used in this contract, the word "Goods" shall mean the goods that Buyer has agreed to purchase from Seller under this contract.Buyer hereby agrees to purchase from Seller ten (10) frying pans, hereinafter called the "Goods."

32.强调一个合同术语可以这样做：加上双引号并将其开头的字母大写。将一个词语的开头字母大写表明你想让它有一个特别的意思。下面有两个定义术语的例子：

一.本合同中使用的“货物”("Goods")是指买方已经同意向卖方购买的货物;

二.本合同中买方同意向卖方购买的拾（10）只平底锅，即下文中的“货物”("Goods")。

33. Define words when first used. Instead of writing a section of definitions at the beginning or end of a contract, consider defining terms and concepts as they first appear in the contract. This will make it easier for the reader to follow.

33.第一次使用某个术语时就要下定义。定义合同术语不是在合同的开头，也不是在合同的结尾，而是在这个术语第一次出现的时候，这样做，有利于读者更好地理解合同。

34. Explain technical terms and concepts. Remember that the parties might understand technical jargon, but the judge and jury who interpret and apply the contract do not. Therefore, explain the contract''s terms and concepts within the contract itself. Let the contract speak for itself from within its four corners.

34.勤于解释合同中的术语和概念。要记住合同双方的当事人可能会理解合同中某些专用术语，但法官和陪审团却可能一无所知。所以撰写合同时要让合同自己为自己释义。

Keep Your Client Informed While You Write

第五部分：书写时要常和你的客户沟通

35. All contracts should come with a cover letter. This gives you a place to instruct your client on how to use and sign the contract.

35.所有的合同都应该有一封说明书---用来告诉你的客户如何使用和签署合同。

36. Tell your client the ideas that come as you write. Many ideas will occur to you as you write: things that could go wrong with the deal, things that might happen in the future, things that happened in the past, ways to structure things better. Write these in your letter to the client.

36.告诉客户你在撰写过程中的一些想法。比如：哪些事情可能会随着交易变得很遭，哪些事可能会在将来发生，哪些事情已经发生了，哪些可以让事情朝好的方向发展的方法.....你最好在给客户的说明书中都将这些都写上。

37. Inform your client of the risks. Writing a letter to the client as you write the contract is the perfect way to inform the client of the risks and rewards of entering into the contract. Frequently, problems do not become apparent until time is spent trying to word a contract.

37.告诉客户合同的风险所在。在撰写合同时，你最好向客户说订立合同需要承担的风险和能够得到的利益。通常情况下，只要你花时间来起草合同，你就会发现真正的风险在哪里。

What To Do After the First Draft Is Written

第六部分：完成初稿后做什么

38. Check spelling, paragraph numbering, and cross references both

manually and with your word processor''s spelling and grammar checker.

This almost goes without saying today, especially since Microsoft Word now checks your spelling and grammar as you type. (Unfortunately it also changes "per stirpes" to "per stupid" if you fail to watch it closely.) And now there are even computer programs that check contract documents for undefined terms. DealProof is packaged with Corel WordPerfect for law offices, and DocProofReader is available for download for MS Word 97 and 2000.

38.核实合同的拼写情况、段落序号以及上下文的注解，你可以自己手动来做，也可以用文字编辑软件中的拼写和语法检查功能来完成，特别是自从有了微软的word软件后，做这样的工作你似乎不要费多少精力（但机器有时也不可靠，如果你不看仔细，它就会把"per stirpes"改变为 "per stupid"）。现在，这类专业的软件甚至可以帮你检测到合同中没有释义的术语，如：Corel公司专门为法律办公开发的文字处理软件包中的DealProof软件，还有可供word97和word2000下载安装的DocProofReader软件。

39. Let your secretary or paralegal read it. Not only will your staff frequently find spelling and grammar errors missed by your word

processor''s spell checker, but they will find inconsistencies and confusing areas that you missed when drafting.

39.让你的秘书或者助手阅读你草拟的合同。你的同事不仅能通过文字处理软件来帮你检查到你没有查到的拼写和语法错误，而且他们还能发现你起草时没有察觉到的矛盾和混淆之处。

40. Stamp "Draft #1 6/22/2000" on it. This may be the first of many drafts, so avoid confusion early by numbering and dating all drafts at the top of the

first page. It is also a good idea to write "DRAFT" across the face of each page to preclude the possibility of an impatient client signing a draft rather than waiting for the final version.

40.在合同上注明“第一稿于200年6月22日”,第一稿完成后，可能还要草拟几个版本，为了避免他们之间相互混淆，最好在每份草稿首页的顶部注上序号和起草时间。另外，在每一个版本的封面上注明“草稿”字样，也能够避免你那急躁的客户不等到最后的定稿文本就急于签字。

41. Let your client read it. Letting the client in on reading the first draft assures that your drafting will stay in tune with the client''s wishes.

41让你的客户读你草拟的合同。你的客户读第一稿，可以确保你的起草的东西和客户的愿望相符。

42. Save the drafts as multiple files on your computer. If you save the first draft on your computer as two files, you will have one file identified as the first draft and the other identified as the current version. This can be done by naming the current version "contract" and the first draft as "contract.d1." Then, subsequent versions can be named "contract.d2", "contract.d3," etc., where the "d" in the extension indicates draft. (Of course, if you''re not using WordPerfect 5.1 for DOS, as I do, you can use long file names to show the contract name, draft number and draft date, such as "Contract Smith Jones draft 2 datd 6 22 2000.")

42.在电脑中将草拟的合同多保存几个复件。如果你将第一稿合同存了两份在电脑中，那么其中的一份可以用来存档，另一份则可以用来继续修改。用来存档的文件可以命名为"合同.草1"。用来修改的文件可以命名为"合同"。以此类推，以

后修改的版本就命名为"合同.草2"，"合同.草3"，等等。带"草"字的扩展名表示此合同是草拟版本。（当然，你可能不经常用DOS下的WordPerfect 5.1软件，我是经常用的，你也可以用一个较长的文件名来清楚地表达出草拟合同的名称、编号及起草时间，范例如："史密斯.琼斯于20xx年6月22日草拟的第二版合同"。）

43. Compare the current version to prior versions. If you save draft versions, it is very easy to compare one version to another using the word processor''s compare feature or using the CompareRite computer program. When you compare "contract.d1" to "contract.d2", save the comparison as

"contract.c21" and print it to show the client what changes were made.

43.将当前的草拟版本和以前的版本进行比较。如果你存了很多合同的草拟版本，那么你就可以很容易地用文字处理软件或者是CompareRite软件来比较分析两个合同版本。当你用软件比较"合同.草1"和"合同.草2"两个版本时，最好将软件的分析结果打印出来送给客户看，让他知道变化在哪里。

How to Print and Sign the Final Draft

第七部分：怎样打印和签署最后的定稿合同。

44. Print the contract on 24 pound bond paper instead of 20 pound copier paper. Using a heavy bond paper will make it easy to tell the original contract from copies. It will also last longer.

44.用24磅的铜板纸而不是用20磅的复印纸来打印合同。用厚一点的纸不仅复印副本很容易，而且，它被保存的时间也要长一些。

45. Print on pages using the same paper, and if pages are changed, reprint the document using the same paper. This will avoid an argument that pages were substituted after the contract was signed.

45.打印整个合同要用同样的纸，如果打印过程中纸发生了改变，一定要用同样的纸再打印一次。这样做，对方就不会说合同在签署后被偷换了。

46. Sign the contract in blue ink, not black ink. This, too, will make it easier to differentiate the signed original contract from photocopies.

46. 最好用蓝墨水而不是用黑墨水来签署合同，因为蓝墨水可以很容易地让人区别出哪个是合同正本，哪个是影印副本。

47. Initial every page of the contract. Having each party initial each page of the contract will make it less likely that anyone could claim a page was changed after the contract was signed.

47.让双方在每页合同上签字，这样做可以避免有人怀疑合同签署后被更改过。

48. Identify the parties and witnesses who sign by providing blank lines below their signature lines for their printed names and addresses. This will make it easier to find the witnesses if the contract is contested. And remember to include two witnesses for commercial leases.

48.在合同签名栏的下方留下一些空白行，以便合同双方和见证人填写他们的名字和地址。这样，一旦合同引起纠纷，就能很容易地找到证人。要记住，一般的商业租赁需要两个见证人。

49. Be sure that corporate officers include their titles, the corporation name and the word "as." Failure to do this can result in personal liability of the officer. The proper way to sign in a representative capacity is as follows: ABC Corporation, a Florida corporation

By:____________________________________

John Jones, as its President

49.签名者如果是公司官员，一定要写上他们的职务和其所在公司的名称。不这样做就可能导致这个官员个人承担责任。签约代表签名的正确方法如下： ABC公司，佛罗里州分公司

签约代表：________________

公司总裁：史密斯.琼斯

50. Add a notary clause that complies with the notary law. The notary acknowledgement in Appendix B is such a clause.

50.根据公证法增加公证条款，类似的范例见附录B

Concluding Advice

最后的忠告

If these 50 tips don''t keep your contracts out of court, try mastering Strunk & White''s Elements of Style*. I hear it''s real handy in appellate work.

如果这50招都不能让你起草的合同免于诉讼，那你就去掌握斯创得.怀特先生的《设计原理》吧，我听说它对应付上诉非常有帮助。