英语专业八级写作辅导资料

如何进行构思：

一篇专八文章内容占据50%的比例，所以内容显得尤为重要。在专八考试构思中，内容一定要从两个方面分析：恰当；充分。

第一：内容恰当，就是要符合写作要求，不能跑题。如何征求审题，确保恰当的内容，是写作成功的基础，有两个技巧：第一：将考题转化成问题，并回答这个问题（yes/no;why/why not; which）；第二：找出题目中的所有关键词，尤其是一些限定词不能忽略。

将2003--20xx年的专八考题转换成问题，并找出关键词

2003：问题：Are young people in China today more self-centered and unsympathetic than those previous generations?

关键词：young people, in China, today, more self-centered and unsympathetic, previous generations, contributions, university students,supply a title.

2004: 问题：Should university students go in for business?

关键词：university students, try their hand at business.

2005: 问题：Is interview a good /necessary procedure for recruitment?

关键词：interview, recruit prospective employees, for or against, as a selection procedure, supply an appropriate title.

2006: 问题：Do you agree that it is ambition that forms our destination?

关键词：ambition, decide, choose, destiny, agree or disagree

2007: 问题：What is the relationship between one's financial position and friendship?

或者：Can people with different financial positions become good friends?

关键词：financial disparity, friendship, your opinion, supply a title

2008: 问题：How your college years have prepared you for you future life?

关键词：college years, prepare, future life, what i have learned

2009: 问题：Should dialects be encouraged in public places?

关键词：putonghua, dialect, public places, national policy of promoting putonghua

2010:问题：What is your attitude toward this unconventional, super-futuristic design for the CBD? 关键词：unconventional, super-futuristic CBD design, little known mountainous area, regional characteristics, local cultural heritage

第二：内容要充分，就是要提供足够的信息，说服读者接受某个观点

要做到这一点，写作论证中千万不要只是泛泛而谈，没有有力的证据，以下是7种论证方法，

1. 专家证言，此类观点一般都是在较为深入的研究基础上产生的，具有较高的可信度。

2. 数据统计，数据是对事实最好的说明，给人以非常客观的感觉，但是有注意数据的有效性，数据统计通常会与一些专家的研究同时使用

3. 例子，可以使用相关的具体事例来说明问题，但是要注意例子与观点之间一定要有内在联系性，并且要注意所选的例子尽可能具有代表性和普遍性。

4. 个人经历，这是一种方式，但不能过多使用，因为这只是个例，范围有限，主观性较强，不一定能说服读者，所以尽可能少量使用。

5. 逻辑推理，主要是利用事物观点间的逻辑关系进行推理，尤其是因果关系，而不是一种事实，要说服读者，需要读者参与推理才行，所以也要少用。

6. 常识，这种论据的使用可以在读者与作者之间产生一种共鸣，获得认同，但是总是使用，没能给读者带来新的内容，没有自己的观点，读者就会感觉读此文章是没有意义的。

7. 类比，就是通过一个读者比较熟悉的例子来做类比，使事例更加形象清晰，特别是使用比 1

较具体形象的例子来类比抽象的概念，类比可以作为辅助证据，但不能作为唯一证据。

三段论各部分写法(凤头--简洁，猪肚--充实，豹尾--有力)

第一：引言段。有两个基本功能，即表明文章的话题和观点。但如果要使文章更加优秀，还应该吸引读者和暗示正文的结构。所以引言段可以分为两部分（或者三部分），第一部分吸引读者并引出话题；第二部分表明观点并暗示结构。

吸引读者常用的方式：

第一：用数字。数字能给人一种真实可信的感觉。

Everyday millions of job-hunters in the world write letters of application, wishing that they would be given a chance of interview.

Nowadays tens of thousands of university graduate from their schools, and they all want to be successful in this modern world.

第二：用问题。向读者提问，而问题的答案就是文章的话题，使读者钻进圈套。

Now in China what do you have to do if you want to find a job?

第三：用引语。引用名言和专家的话来吸引读者。

"success comes not only from perspiration and inspiration, but also from satisfactory performance in interviews," commented Dr. Kenly in his book.

引出话题的常用方式：

第一：开门见山。直接表明文章的主题，但其缺点是容易显得唐突。

Nowadays, interview is becoming more and more important in recruitment.

第二：归纳总结。从事实开始，得出一个相应的结论。

With the development of market economy in China, more and more companies have come into being. When they need to take up more people, employers usually select through interview. Similarly, when people need to find a job, they also need to perform well in interviews. Therefore, interview is becoming increasingly important in modern society.

第三：驳论观点。先说出一种相反的观点，然后指出其错误并亮出自己的观点。

Many of us may agree that China is a society relying heavily on guanxi, or relationship. We may all have the experience of having to resort to certain relationship in order to get sth. Done, to find a job, for example. But, with the development of market economy, recruitment is conducted more and more on the basis of interview rather than on various personal connections.

表明观点部分：主要是表达中心思想。通常有两个任务，即表明观点和暗示正文结构。即thesis statement = topic + controlling idea. 为了给文章一个非常清晰地思路，最好在该句中提出三个要点作为文章主体部分的三个层次。

(2) In my opinion, the most important quality one needs in modern society is adaptability.

I think to succeed in the modern society, one has to have adaptability because of its importance in study, in career, as well as in failures.

第二：正文部分。根据题目的要求，第二部分要用细节来支持引言段中提出的观点。要注意，该部分要迎合引言段中表达观点的三个层次。即把这三个层次分别分成三个段落，每个段落论证一个要点。即总分结构。

每个正文段必须有自己的主题句（Topic Sentence），必须注意的是，该主题句中的主题（topic）

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必须与文章的主题一致，不能偷换概念，特别是把观点部分的要点拿来做主题（即Topic Sentence 与Thesis Statement中的主题要一致）比如上边第二点可以展开为下列三个TP: Good adaptability can help one become a successful student.

Good adaptability can help one succeed in one career.

Good adaptability can help one deal with failures successfully.

这样概念思路就会非常清晰了。而不是：

Both parties involved can get crucial information from interview.

Both interviewers and interviewees can get a broad selection from interview.

An important principle of modern society, fairness, can be seen in interview.

正文部分必须注意的另一个方面是通顺和连贯性

即如何安排论据的顺序,论据安排一定要符合一定的逻辑关系，才能实现连贯（coherence）。例如记叙文中的时间顺序，描述文中的空间顺序，议论文通常根据论据的重要性来安排其顺序。通常如下两种：

Descending order 即从最重要到最不重要，有利于突出重点，直接了当，欧美人喜欢。 Ascending order 即从最不重要到最重要，有利于层层推进，画龙点睛。中国人喜欢。

比如我们之前讲过的benefits of evaluating teachers中的三点teachers, administrators, and students可以是1,2,3或者3,2,1但1,3,2 就不可取了。

有时候有的论据之间重要性没什么区别，就可以随意选择一种顺序，但一定要注意，要跟controlling ideas 里边的顺序一致，比如：

Interview is both beneficial to employers and to employees.就要先讲 employers后说employees.反过来也是一样的。

该部分归纳起来就是： 主题要一脉相传；观点要有归属感，顺序要合理妥当。

第三：结论部分 两项功能:即对上文内容的总结(summary）和最终的评论（comment/suggestions）

总结：第一种是直接总结：用一两句话再次提醒读者文章的主要内容，或者说主题句的内容。 Interview can offer great benefit to the society because it can provide people with important information and selection as well as demonstrating the principle of fairness of the modern society. Adaptability is crucial for people in the modern society due to its influence on learning, working, as well as dealing with hard situation.

也就是将文章中的主题和论据用同意转述的方式说出来。

另一种是首尾呼应，即先重复引言部分的内容或例子，再进行总结。比如总结数字开头的一题： Those tens of thousands of college graduates wishing for success don't have to worry. So long as they learn well to adapt themselves, they can study well. Work well and deal with failures well, this can promise them success.

最终评论是对所论述的话题的一点点评，再次表明自己的看法。通常有以下几种方法：

1.评论重要性（再次强调话题，使文章更显得有意义）

2.预测未来发展

3.提出警告（具有两面性时，或者所支持的观点值得改进时）

4.提出解决问题的方法（主要是自己简单的建议，不要过激）

下次主要讲述如何进行语篇衔接，包括过渡，指称和替代等；如何确定题目的主旨（二者择一，是否同意，因果关系，解决问题等）

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第二篇：20xx年专八真题作文参考答案

20xx年专八真题作文参考答案

The important role of a city’s local conditions in the urban design

Recently there is a hot debate on a report that a foreign design company invited by a little-known mountainous area in Guiyang provided a design without paying too much attention to the city’s unique istics. Some people appreciate the bold innovation of the design but others do not like it. In my opinion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account. The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources.

First, a city’s regional istics or local cultural heritage are its symbol, its identity. In a mountainous area, too many unconventional, super-futuristic buildings will not be compatible with the city’s landscapes. Without these

landscapes, it is just another so called modern city composed of concrete and steel. Take Beijing for example. In the past few years, Beijing has been

removing a large number of such alleys traditionally called hutong, in order to make it become a real international city. But without these hutongs can this city still be called Beijing, an ancient capital? The disappearance of hutongs means the disappearance of a period of history, a cordial lifestyle, and even the disappearance of Beijing itself. Then Beijing will lose its uniqueness.

Second, it can help a city save a lot of money by suiting the design to local conditions and try to take advantage of the local resources. This is especially important to small cities, like this one in a mountainous area near Guiyang. We all know Guiyang is a developing city, not very rich. Unconventional,

super-futuristic buildings mean large need of money input. Then more burdens may be added to this city, which will run counter to the city’s original purpose of developing itself. Instead, if connections between a city’s culture and the various urban sectors, including housing, infrastructure and governance, are well made, the maximum economic benefits will be achieved.

Besides, the modernization should be a gradual process. More haste, less speed. Nonetheless, it should not be overlooked that the shortcomings of

futuristic-style constructing outweigh its advantages brought.

In conclusion, any urban design should take the city’s original cultural heritage into account. The designers should suit their design to local conditions and try to

take advantage of the local resources. A scientific city design should be dependent on the city’s regional istics, on a case-by-case basis.