如何写好高考英语说明文
一、文体特点
说明文是指以说明为主要表达方式，来说明事物的情况、特征或道理的文体。其特点在于说明性、知识性和实用性。
二、写作技巧
写说明文时要注意以下几点：
1. 要仔细观察，抓住事物的特征。说明事物，不仅要抓住其外部形态特征，更重要的是要抓住事物的本质特征，因为本质特征是区别于其他事物的标志。
2. 安排好合理的说明顺序。对于实体事物的建造过程、产品的生产过程、事物的演变过程等往往按时间顺序来说明；对于实体事物的形状、构造应按空间顺序来说明；要介绍事物的性质、种类、功能和阐述事物的含义、原理、特点等应按逻辑顺序来说明。
3. 要灵活地采用不同的说明方法，如定义说明、注释说明、举例说明、分类说明、比较说明、引用说明、比喻说明、描述说明、数字说明和图表说明等。
4. 要注意语言准确，简洁平实，做到表达清晰、条理清楚、层次分明，具有严格的科学性。
5. 写说明文时通常采用一般现在时态，用于强调客观事实。
三、佳作欣赏
A Dog
A dog is a kind of animal. It often lives with people at home. It’s one of the pet animals.Many people like to keep a dog for pleasure because it is clever and it can
understand them. People feed the dog and build a house for it. Dogs can do lots of things for people.
In cities, people keep a dog not only for pleasure but also for safety. A dog can be a good guard.
In the country, farmers like to keep dogs for pleasure too. Besides, some of the dogs can help farmers to look after animals, such as sheep and pigs.
Dogs can be a great help to army soldiers and policemen. Dogs often do important work for them.
So dogs are really our good friends, and we must take good care of them.
【评析】本文是一篇较好的说明文。虽然短小，却从多个方面说明狗对人类的帮助，从而印证了“狗是我们的朋友”这一主题，别具一格。
1 地址：山西省太原市和平南路45号英语周报社网络中心
电话：0351—6378335
说明文写作范例·春节
The Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. It is on January 1st according to the Chinese lunar calendar. It’s China’s New Year’s Day. So usually a month before the festival, people begin to buy food, clothes and decorations for houses.
About a week before the festival, housewives are busy preparing the new year dinner. And they will do a lot of washing and cleaning in the house. People who are far away on business are hurrying to return home for the new year’s family reunion.
On New Year’s Eve, each family will gather together eating, talking and watching TV for almost the whole night. And there will be some interesting programmes on TV. The children are the happiest of all because they can get presents from their parents or grandparents.
On Lunar New Year’s Day, after getting up, people will eat dumplings. When they meet their neighbors or friends, they’ll say: “Happy New Year!”
The new year celebrating activities will last about half a month.
【评析】本文较生动详细地介绍了中国传统节日——春节期间的各种庆祝活动。作者按时间顺序记述，有条有理，清晰流畅，使读者深感欢快的喜庆气氛。
说明文写作实例·世界公园
The World Park
The World Park which is far away from the centre of Beijing was completed in 1994. It almost contains all the places of interest in the world, such as the Great Wall, the Suzhou Park, the Pyramid, the White House, the Westminster Abbey and so on. There, you can visit many countries such as China, America, England, France, Russia, Egypt in just one day. In the World Park, the things are smaller than they really are. For example, you can hold up the Pyramid with your hand. It seems that the world becoms a small park.
In fact, the Suzhou Park is the most interesting place for all the visitors. You can go through the gallery and sit on the stone. When you stand on a bridge, you can watch
地址：山西省太原市和平南路45号英语周报社网络中心
电话：0351—6378335
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the river running below your feet. You just feel as if you were staying in the real Suzhou Park. How wonderful!
Every year, thousands of visitors go to the World Park. It has become more and more popular.
【评析】本文以简洁的笔触向我们介绍了“世界公园”，颇像解说词，却又不乏生动之笔调。作者运用了例举的手法，尤其详述了游“世界公园”中的苏州园林的感受，使读者感觉如身临其境一般。这篇文章不失为一篇介绍景点的好范文。
说明文写作实例·黄鹤楼
The Yellow Crane Tower
The Yellow Crane Tower is one of the well-known places of interest in China.
It lies near Wuhan, Hubei Province. It’s about 51.4 metres high. It was built more than 1,600 years ago and was rebuilt from 1981 to 1985 by our government. At the beginning, it was only used for wars, but now it is open to the public.
If you climb up the tower, you’ll see a beautiful view. Many famous poets wrote poems
about it. The scenery around the tower is really a model. And it has attracted lots of foreign tourists and most of these tourists think highly of the project of the Yellow Crane Tower.
In fact, it’s one of the best man-made projects in China.
【评析】本文用简洁明快的语言介绍了黄鹤楼的位置、历史及秀丽的景色，层次清晰，用词得当。
说明文写作实例·聪明的电脑
Intelligent Computer
Hello! My name is Computer. Children and adults both like me because I do a lot of things for them.
Children use me to do many things. They use me to play games, listen to music, watch television, talk with their friends and do their homework.
Adults use me to do even more things. They watch worldwide news on the Internet, make free international phone calls, take pictures, buy stocks and other products, send E-mails, and do scientific research and other things. Seventy eight percent of the world has the Internet, and life becomes more convenient for people because of me.
地址：山西省太原市和平南路45号英语周报社网络中心
电话：0351—6378335
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If you want to travel to other countries, I can help you find lots of ineresting places, help you buy airplane tickets and help you reserve a hotel.
I also have lots of other functions. The police officers store information inside my memory; they only have to press the keyboard and they can catch the criminals very quickly.
Scientists put me into robots so that I am able to do many dangerous things which humans cannot. I can also drive cars, boats, airplanes, satellites and spaceships. Of course I have weaknesses:It costs a lot of money to buy me, and if I became damaged, it costs a lot of money to repair me.
Though I am very smart and useful, I am still constantly developing. If you get to know me better, I can be a good friend to you.
【评析】本文作者用第一人称介绍了“我”——电脑的种种用途。文章思路开阔，内容丰富，显示出了小作者对电脑的充分了解。开头部分“Hello! My name is Computer”这种口语化的语言非常生动。
实例与范文
请根据下面表格提示的内容，用英语写一篇100词左右的关于一家商场经营活动情况的Our department store opens from 8:00 am to 10:00p.m. You are welcome at any time you like during these hours. We sell all kinds of goods which are of fine quality and worth their price. Daily necessaries and food are sold on the first floor, shoes and hats on the second, clothes on the third and things for office use on the fourth. We have such special service as telephone-shopping. If you are busy, please ring us up to buy what you like. Our telephone number is (0531)7187013. We will treat you as God and try our best to serve you well.
Criticism and advice about our service are always welcome.
地址：山西省太原市和平南路45号英语周报社网络中心
电话：0351—6378335
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