雅思小作文技巧及范文

时间:2024.3.27

                     雅思小作文写作技巧及范文

一.图表类型

饼状图,直方图或柱形图 趋势曲线图  表格图   流程图或过程图  程序图

二.解题技巧

A. 表格图

1横向比较: 介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势 2纵向比较:介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势  3无需将每一个数据分别说明,突出强调数据最大值和最小值,对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的

说明:考察例举数字的能力和方法。注意怎样通过举一些有代表性的数据来有效地说明问题。

B. 曲线图

 1极点说明: 对图表当中最高的,最低的点要单独进行说明

 2趋势说明: 对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明,如上升,下降,波动,持平

 3交点说明: 对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明

说明:关键是把握好曲线的走向和趋势,学会general classification,即在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类,使写作层次清晰。接下来在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend,同时导入数据作为你分类的依据。注意不要不做任何说明就机械性的导入数据!可以使用一些比较native的单词和短语来描述trend。

C. 饼状图

  1介绍各扇面及总体的关系  2各个扇面之间的比较,同类扇面在不同时间,不同地点的比较 3重点突出特点最明显的扇面:最大的,最小的,互相成倍的

D. 柱状图

1.比较: similarity  2.对比: difference)

3.横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征 & 分别描写各个柱子的个性特征

E. 流程图

1. 首先说明:做什么工作的过程,目的是什么 2. 准备工作 3. 按时间/过程先后描述  4. 结果  5. 简单总结

说明:注意流程图里的“因果关系”或每一流程的“承前启后”关系;表达每一流程的主体内容,阐明这种关系;揭示其内在联系或规律;最后,给予简要归纳和总结。

F. 实物/器具工作过程1. 实物的名称,功能 2. 基本结构 3. 工作过程 4. 简单总结

G. 综合图

 1不求甚解,不拘泥于细节2分门别类,分段落详细介绍各个图表 3不画蛇添足,主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系

三.写作结构

框架结构

1.  开头:该图阐述的是______的______.共有以下几个部分组成。

    shows (that) / According to / As (is) shown in … / As can be seen from /

It can be seen from  / We can see from / It is clear / apparent from the figures/statistics / It is from / This … tells us the main story about / concerning / concerned with / on / related to

2.  分析:首先看到的是____, 在_____年呈现出____的趋势 / 占______; 其次,……第三[比     

较分析]

1)内容:figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion

2)用语:

 

 

四.有效词汇

上升:increase、rise、 ascend 、core、 surge 、go up 、climb 、mount、 level up

下降: decrease、 fall 、drop、 descend、 decline 、reduce 、lessen、 level down

平稳:stable 、steady、 remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to

波动:fluctuate、 fluctuation、 rise and falls、 up and down

占:occupy、 take up、 account for、 gain

而:while、 howeve、r whereas、 on the other hand、 actually/in fact

相比:by contract、 on the contrary、 likewise、 compared with

最高点:the highest 、the top、 the summit 、the peak、 the most

最低点:bottom 、less 、least 、rock bottom

平均:mean、 average   趋势:tendancy 、trend、 inclination  预见:prediction

达到顶峰: mount to     在***中占***:   gain the percentage of

有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen

五,经典范文

第一类:表格

The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 20##.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.  Write at least 150 words.

Percentage of national consumer expenditure by category-2002

参考范文:

The table gives the breakdown about data on consumer spending on various items (Food/Drink/Tobacco,Clothing/Footwear and Leisure/Education) in five different countries (Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Turkey)in 2002.

Generally, each country consumed much more in food/drink/tobacco where Turkey dominated the first place with 32.14%, standing in marked contrast with Sweden (only 15.77%) than in other 2 categories. In terms of Clothing/Footwear, Italy expectedly spent most with 9% compared with still Sweden seeing the smallest proportion (5.4%). As for Leisure/Education, it was Turkey and Spain that consumed the most and least with 4.35% and 1.98% respectively.

Additionally, we can see immediately that in food/drink/tobacco, after Turkey, Ireland, Spain and Italy came in turn with 28.91%, 18.80% and 16.36%. On the contrary, in Clothing/Footwear, we failed to see big gap from Ireland,Spain and Turkey in middle positions which saw different reductions of 2.57%, 2.49% and 2.37% in comparison with Italy, likewise, in Leisure/Education, still small differences were found. To be exact, Turkey was followed by Sweden, Italy and Ireland in a slow falling turn with 3.22%, 3.2% and 2.21%.

In conclusion, people prefer to spend on those products directly relating to food. (189 words)

第二类:柱状图

The chart below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

 

 

范文:

The table shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned indicate no overall pattern of increase of decrease. In fact there is considerable fluctuations from country to country.

In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30000 in 1930 to 80000 in 1980. On the other hand in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand, the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have increased gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by about 30000 from the 1970 total. Canada is the only country in which the numbers in prison have decreased over the period 1930-1980, although there have been fluctuations in this trend. The figures for the United States indicate the greatest number of prisoners compared to the other four countries but population size needs to be taken into account in this analysis. The prison population in the United States increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be a worrying trend.(169 words)

第三类:饼状图

The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Units of electricity by fuel source in Australia

范文:

The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.

In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.

In contrast,France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and unclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 20## nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.

Overall, it is clear that by 20## these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power. (206 words)

第四类:曲线图

The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 20## in three different countries.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

范文:

The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040.

In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US.However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time.

In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 20## and 20## in Japan, by which time it is thought thatthe proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (164 words)

第五类:地图题

The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

范文:

The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon.

The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-west), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.

In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.

Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages. (194 words)


第二篇:雅思小作文功能句型与范文


老徐雅思预测与范文 .cn/englishsolutions

小作文功能句型

表示上升:

(1) The house price increased / grew / went up / rose / soared by *** / to ***.

(2) The number of overseas students increased steadily / significantly / moderately / slightly from *** to ***.

(3) The decade saw / witnessed an increase/ rise in the spending on education.

(4) The consumption of chicken showed / experienced a rising / upward trend during this period.

(5) There was a dramatic increase in the amount of chicken consumed.

表示下降:

(1) The number of Japanese tourists dropped / decreased / declined / went down / fell by *** / to ***.

(2) Beef consumption has declined rapidly / significantly / sharply / steadily /

moderately from *** to ***.

(3) The decade saw / witnessed a decrease / decline in the spending on public service.

(4) The divorce rate showed / experienced a falling / downward trend.

(5) There was a slight decrease in the amount of fish consumed.

“比较”表示法

(1) The consumption of beef was 70 grams more / less than that of lamb.

(2) Women spent 36 hours on housework, compared with men who spent 25 hours at home.

(3) The number of visitors from France was the largest in the four countries / larger than any other countries.

(4) Students who watch less television have higher scores.

(5) The consumption of beef ranked first in the four foods.

“倍数”表示法

(1) The amount of coal consumed was three times as much as / more than that of oil.

(2) The number of cars produced in factory A was three times as many as that in factory B.

(3) The amount of beef consumed almost doubled / tripled, up / rising / climbing from *** to ***.

(4) The percentage of female students increased four times.

(5) Factory A produced three times as many cars as Factory B.

表示“平稳”或者“波动”

(1) The amount of water used for agriculture remained/stayed stable/steady/unchanged for 5 years in a row.

(2) The unemployment rate was flat at 6%.

(3) The house price stabilized at a high level from 1998 to 2000.

(4) The power consumption fluctuated in this period.

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“极值”或者“超越”表示法

(1) The proportion of migrant workers reached a record high of / a peak of 60% in 2005.

(2) The birth rate peaked at 3% in 2005.

(3) The rainfall in 2000 was 1500 mm, a new low / high in twenty years.

(4) The consumption of chicken overtook / exceeded that of beef in 1989.

“占据”表示法

(1) Oil accounted for / constituted / made up 25% of the energy source used in power plants.

(2) The proportion / percentage of expenditure on food was 45% in 2000.

(3) Coal produced / contributed almost 75% of electricity.

(4) Coal has become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced.

例题与范文

线图:(剑7-2) The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

雅思小作文功能句型与范文

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老徐雅思预测与范文 .cn/englishsolutions

开头段

The graph gives the information about the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a European country between 1979 and 2004.

主体段:第一种写法

In 1979, the consumption of beef was about 225 grams per person per week, which was the largest of these foods. The consumption of lamb and chicken was almost the same (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).

From 1979 to 2004, the quantities of beef and lamb fell significantly to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. By contrast, the consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, overtaking that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had risen to almost 250 grams per person per week and chicken finally became the most popular food. There was a slight decrease in the amount of fish consumed and it remained the least popular food.

结尾:To summarize / Overall / In summary, the chart shows the consumption of chicken increased significantly while that of the other three foods decreased over the period.

或:It can be seen from the chart / As can be seen from the chart that ……

主体段:第二种写法

In 1979, the consumption of beef was about 225 grams per person per week,which was the largest of these foods. It had decreased dramatically to 100 grams by 2004. By contrast, the amount of chicken consumed was 150 grams per person per week in 1979. It had increased significantly to 250 grams by 2004, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. Chicken finally became the most popular food.

The amount of lamb consumed, which was similar to that of chicken in 1979 (around 150 grams), showed a downward trend and ended at 55 grams in 2004. There was little change in the consumption of fish (around 50 grams) and fish remained the least popular food.

饼图 (剑8-2)

The three charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

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雅思小作文功能句型与范文

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范文:

The pie charts demonstrate how much a UK school spent on different items in three years: 1981, 1991 and 2001.

主体段:

The spending on teachers’ salaries was the largest proportion, which was 40%, 50% and 45% in the year 1981, 1991 and 2001 respectively. By contrast, the proportion of other workers’ salaries fell from 28% to 22% and then to 15% in the twenty-year period.

The spending of resources and books made up 15% in 1981. After rising to 20% in 1991, it experienced a sharp decline and ended at 9% in 2001. The spending on

furniture and equipment showed an opposite trend, dropping three times from 15% to 5% in the first decade, but it had grown dramatically to 23% by 2001.

Insurance cost remained the smallest proportion in these five items. However, it increased four times, up from 2% in 1981 to 8% in 2001.

结尾段:It can be seen from the charts that the expenditure on teachers’ salaries remained the highest proportion. The cost on equipment and insurance showed a rising trend, while there was a decline in the spending on books and other workers’ salaries.

表格题(剑7-1) The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.

Country

Ireland

Italy

Spain

Leisure / Education 2.21% 3.20% 1.98% 3.22% 4.35% Sweden Turkey

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开头段:

The table shows how much people spent on various items in five different countries in 2002.

范文主体段:

It can be seen from the table that the spending on food/drinks/tobacco was much more than that on clothing/footwear and leisure/education in all five countries.

Turkish people spent the highest percentage on food, drinks and tobacco (32.14%), closely followed by Irish people (28.91%). The proportion in these two countries was much higher than that in Sweden, Italy and Spain (less than 20%).

Italian people spent 9.00% of their salary on clothing and footwear, while Swedish people spent only 5.40%, the lowest proportion of the five countries. The spending on this item in Turkey, Spain and Ireland was around 6.5%.

The expenditure on leisure and education in Turkey was 4.35%, which was almost twice as much as the percentage in Ireland (2.21%). Conversely, Spanish people spent the lowest proportion in this item (1.98%). Swedish and Italian people spent almost the same percentage (3.2%).

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流程图和地图

其他范文参见教材剑5-3、剑6-3和剑8-3

典型地图题: The diagram below shows the development of the village of Kelsby between 1780 and 2000.

The map demonstrates how the village of Kelsby developed from 1780 to 2000.

In 1780, Kelsby had only 100 homes. There were four farms in the centre of the village and a large piece of woods in the east. In the west of the village was a river flowing from north to south.

Between 1780 and 1860, the number of homes doubled and the farmland size was halved. The area of woods decreased dramatically. Meanwhile, a bridge was

constructed over the river and a road was built to link the river and the housing area.

By 2000, the number of homes had risen to 500, but farms and woods had completely disappeared. Some school buildings and sports fields were constructed in the

southeastern corner of the village. A new road was built to connect the houses and the school. A few shops opened up along the riverbank and a piece of wetland for birds emerged at the southern end of the river.

雅思小作文功能句型与范文

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