介词、连词
考点一 介词
1．表时间时，at强调“点”，in强调“段”，on强调“日”和某日的早、中、晚。 I got there at eight this morning.
今天早上我八点到那。
Beijing held the Olympic Games in 2008.
北京20xx年举办了奥运会。
The twin sisters were born on a Friday evening.
这对双胞胎姐妹在一个星期五的晚上出生。
2．表示“在一段时间之后”时，“in＋时间段”用于将来时，“after＋时间段”用于过去时。 My friend will be back from Beijing in two days.
我的朋友将在两天后从北京回来。
We finished the work after three months.
我们在三个月后完成了工作。
3．表示“延续的一段时间”时，可用“for＋时间段”或“since＋过去的时间点”，常与含延续动词的完成时连用。
—How long have you been in this city?
你在这座城市待了多久了？
—For ten years. 十年。
Mr Smith has lived here since 1998.
史密斯先生自从19xx年就住在这。
4．表示“直到??”或“直到??才??”时，用“until(till)＋时间点”。
注：till多用于口语，且不能放在句首。
She won't be back until(till) July.
她到七月份才回来。
5．“during＋时间段”表示“在??期间”；“by＋时间点”表示“到??为止”，“在??之前”，常用于将来时和完成时中。
They taught there during 2005～2008.他们在20xx年至20xx年期间在那教书。
The teacher had already started teaching by the time she got to class.
当她到班级的时候老师已经开始讲课了。
6．表地点时，in表示“范围较大的地方”，强调“空间”；at表示在“范围较小的地方”，强调“点”。
I live in China. 我居住在中国。
We often wait for the bus at the bus stop.我们通常在公共汽车站等车。
7．表位置时，in表示“在??内”，on表示“在??上”(接触表面)，on还可以表示“在两边”“在左/右边”。
They are putting up a picture on the wall.他们正在往墙上张贴画。
The girl on the right is a famous actress.右边的女孩是一个著名的演员。
8．over表示在与某物不接触的“正上方”，under与其相对，表示“正下方”。
The sky is over our heads. 天空在我们头顶上。
The cat is under the table. 那只猫在桌子底下。
9．above表示“在??的上方”，“高于”；below与其相对，表示“在??的下面”，“低于”。 The temperature will stay above zero in the day time，but at night it will fall below zero again. 白天气温将保持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。
10．“across＋表面”表示“横过”；“through＋空间”表示“穿过”、“贯穿”；over表示从上面“越过”。
The Changjiang River is too wide for so young a boy to swim across.
长江太宽了，这么小的孩子游不过去。
The plane flew over the high mountains.飞机飞越了群山。
The sunshine got into the room through the glass.阳光透过玻璃进入房间。
11．behind表示“在??的后面”，其反义词组“in front of”表示“在??的前面”，注意与in the front of 的区别。
We must keep our hands behind our backs.我们必须一直把手放在背后。
I was walking down the street when a friend of mine stood in front of me.
当一个朋友站在我面前时，我正沿着街道散步。
12．at/in the front of 表示“在??里面的前部”，at the back of表示“在??里面的后部”，in the middle of 表示“在??的中部”。
Xiao Ming sits at/in the front of the classroom.小明坐在教室前面。
The twin sisters sit at the back of the classroom.那对双胞胎姐妹坐在教室后面。
The teacher is standing in the middle of the classroom.老师在教室中间站着。
13．between表示“在两者之间”，包括两个以上的人或物中任何两者之间；among表示“三者或三者以上的人或物中间”。
When we talk about the universe，we mean the earth, the sun，the moon，the stars and the space between them.
我们谈论宇宙时，指的是地球、太阳、月球和星星以及它们之间的空间。
Some supermarkets open between 8：30 a．m. and 8：00 p．m..
一些超市在早上8：30到下午8：00之间营业。
Do the students know the differences among the four words?
学生们知道这四个单词之间的区别吗？
14．在与方位名词east，west，south，north连用时，in表示“在内部”，to表示“在外部”，on强调“接壤”。
Hunan lies on the south of Hubei. 湖南在湖北的南面。
Taiwan lies in the east of China. 台湾在中国的东部。
China lies to the west of America. 中国在美国的西部。
15．表示“在??上”时，不是都用“on”，有时须用in。
在树上：in the tree 用于指树上的鸟，人等；on the tree用于指生长在树上的叶子，果实等。 在墙上：in the wall镶嵌在墙内，如窗户，钉子，门；on the wall 在墙的表面上，如地图，挂画等
在报纸上： in the newspaper 指报纸上的内容；on the newspaper 用于指放于报纸上的东西，如眼镜
16. on the way to 在去-----的路途中
by the way 顺便说一下
They met each other on their way home/to school.他们在回家(去学校)的路上相遇了。 By the way, who lost the money?顺便问一下，谁丢了钱？
17．表“用”时“with＋工具、手段”，“by＋交通工具(单数)”，“in＋语言、嗓音”。 As a middle school student, don't write with a pencil.
作为一个中学生，不要用铅笔写字。
He always goes to school by bus.他总是坐公共汽车去学校。
He told us something interesting in Japanese.他用日语告诉了我们一些有趣的事情。
18．be made of ＋从成品上看得出原材料
be made from＋从成品上看不出原材料
be made in＋产地 be made by＋制造者
It is said that this kind of cloth is made of silk and it is made in China.
据说这种布料是由丝绸制成的并且由中国制造。
This wine is made from grapes.这酒是葡萄酿的。
This machine is made by Uncle Wang.这台机器是王伯伯制造的。
19．介词和动词的固定搭配。
(1)同一动词和不同介词的搭配：
look at (看) look for(找)
look after(照顾) look over(检查)
look out of (朝??外面看)
look (a)round(环视)
arrive in＋大地方(到达)
(2)同一介词和不同动词的搭配：
ask for (要求) leave for (动身去)
send for (派人去请) pay for (付钱)
wait for (等待)
agree with sb.(同意某人)
begin with (以??开始)
(3)其他的介词和动词的搭配：
listen to (听) come from (来自??)
fall off (从??上摔下) try out (试验) arrive at＋小地方(到达) hear of (听说) hear from(收到??的来信) spend＋钱＋on sth.(花钱做某事) spend＋时间＋(in) doing sth.(花时间做某事) help with (在??方面帮助) catch up with (赶上) get on/along with (与??相处) make friends with (与??交朋友) knock at/on (敲) prefer...to... (比起??来还是??好)
learn by oneself (自学)
take care of (照顾)
stop...(from)doing (阻止??做??)
20．介词和形容词的常见搭配：
be good at (在??方面好)
be weak in (在??方面差)
be good for (对??有好处)
be bad for (对??有坏处)
be late for (迟到)
be sorry for (为??遗憾，抱歉)
be full of (充满) help oneself to＋食物 (随便吃??) get to (到达) thanks to (多亏，由于) be angry with sb.(对某人生气) be afraid of (害怕) be interested in (对??感兴趣) be different from (与??不同) be strict with sb.(对某人严格) be strict in sth.(对某事严格) be fond of (喜爱)
be busy with (忙于)
21．be used for(＝be used to do sth.)意为“被用来做??”。介词for表示用途，后接名词或动词ing形式。be used by 意为“被??使用”，介词by后面接动作的执行者。be used as 意为“被用作??”，介词as表示“作为”，be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做??”，to是介词。
The stamp is used for sending letters.邮票是用来邮信的。
English is widely used by travellers and business people all over the world.
英语被全世界的旅行者和商人广泛使用。
English is used as the second language in many countries.
英语在许多国家被当做第二语言使用。
I am used to getting up early every morning.我习惯早晨早起。
考点二 连词
(一)并列连词
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。常见的并列连词有and，but，or，for，so，both...and...，either...or...，neither...nor，not only...but also...等。
1．表示平行或对等关系
and和both...and...两者都??
neither...nor...既不??也不??
not only...but(also)．..不但??而且??
when就在这时，突然??
Hold on to your dream，and one day it may just come true.
坚持你的梦想，总有一天它会实现。
Yesterday evening I was playing the piano when the doorbell rang.
昨天晚上，当门铃响的时候我正在弹钢琴。
2．表示转折关系
but但是 yet然而 while然而
while常用来表示前后鲜明的对比
It's a beautiful place，but there were so many people there that I couldn't find a proper place to take photos.
它是一个漂亮的地方，但是有太多的人以至于我不能找到合适的位置拍照。
3．表示选择关系
or或者；否则 or else否则
not...but...不是??而是??
either...or...或者??或者??
在并列的否定句中，用or代替and构成完全否定，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，用and而不用or连接。
When you are learning English，use it，当你学英语的时候，要用它，否则你就会丢了它。 The shoes don't fit me.They're either big or small.
这些鞋不适合我，它们不是大就是小。
4．表示因果推理关系
for因为，此时它引导的从句只能位于句尾，前面用逗号隔开。
(二)从属连词
1．引导名词性从句的主要有that(无词义，可省略)，if和whether，whether可与or not连用，它们在句中不作成分，在ask，wonder，not know, want to know，not be sure等后常用whether或if从句，而不用that从句。 The foreigner asked me if I could speak English.
那个外国人问我是否会讲英语。
2．引导时间状语从句的主要有when，while，as，after，before，until/till，since，as soon as等。
I arrived at the airport after the plane had taken off.飞机起飞后我到达了飞机场。
3．引导原因状语从句的主要有because，since，as等。
More and more kids become unhappy because they have too many activities to do.
越来越多的孩子变得不开心，因为他们有太多活动要参加。
4．引导条件状语从句的主要有if，unless，once等。当从句中需用一般将来时的时候，总是用一般现在时表将来。
The sports meeting will continue unless it rains this afternoon.除非下午下雨，否则运动会会继续。
5．引导目的状语从句的主要有so that，in order that等。
6．引导让步状语从句的主要有even if，even though，(although)though等。but和(although)though不能同时出现在一个句子中。although 比though更正式。
The story is hard to understand though there are no new words in it.
尽管里面没有生词，这篇短文还是很难理解。
7．引导地点状语从句的主要有where等。
8．引导比较状语从句的主要有than，as等， 在as(so)．..as中，后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。
Do you think that art is as interesting as music?你认为美术和音乐一样有趣吗？
9．引导方式状语从句的主要有as，as if，as though等。
10．引导结果状语从句的主要有so，so that，so...that...，such...that...等。
The mountain was so steep that few people in our city reached the top.
这座山如此陡峭以至于我们市很少有人能爬到顶峰。
(三)易混连词
1．when，while，as
三者均可译为“在??时候”。when引导的从句，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。一般来说，当主句的动作正在进行时，when引导的从句的动作才发生；while引导的从句中，动词只能是
延续性的，一般来说，当while引导的从句的动作正在进行时，主句的动作才发生；as表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生。
He was riding to school when he was hit by a car this morning.
当他被一辆小汽车撞到的时候他正骑车去上学。
You'd better turn off the water while you brush your teeth.当你刷牙的时候你最好关掉水。 She sang as she walked. 她一边走一边唱歌。
2．so...that...，such...that...
so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词的单数＋that从句；
so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that从句；
such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句；
such＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋that从句。
Hangzhou is so beautiful a city that lots of visitors come here every year.
杭州如此美以至于每年都有许多游客来这里。
She is such a good girl that we all like her.
她是如此好的一个女孩，以至于我们大家都喜欢她。
There are so many students on the playground.操场上有如此多的学生。
考点训练
1．(2011·临沂)If you sit in a chair ________a long time，your back may begin to hurt.
A．at B．in C．on D．for
2．(2011·台州)Shanghai Disneyland has started to be built and it will be open ________five years.
A．in B．for C．from D．before
5．(2011·芜湖)—Look! There are so many people in the park.
—Nobody likes to stay at home ________Sunday morning.
A．in B．on C．at D．to
6．(2011·河北)This school is different________others.It has many outofclass activities.
A．off B．from C．of D．for
8．(2011·烟台)—Can a plane fly ________the Atlantic Ocean?
—Yes，but it needs to go ________the clouds for hours.
A．across；through B．through；acrossC．across；across D．through；through
9．(2011·安徽)What a nice day! We should go sightseeing ________watching TV in the hotel.
A．because of B．instead ofC．together with D．out of
11．(2011·河南)—Mr Hu，can you tell us how to learn math well?
—Sure.But remember nothing can be learned ________hard work.
A．by B．at C．without D．for
12．(2011·黄冈)—Your coat looks very nice.What's it made________？
—Cotton，and it is made________Wuhan.
A．from；in B．of；inC．from；on D．of；on
13．(2011·扬州)It's very friendly ________him to help me when I'm in trouble.
A．for B．to C．of D．with
14．(2011·扬州)He had to retire(退休) early ________poor health.
A．as a result B．becauseC．so D．because of
15．(2011·广东)It's time ________the weather report.Turn on the radio，please.
A．to B．in C．at D．for
16．(2011·福州)—________Mary________Alice has joined the music club because they have no time.—It's a pity!
A．Both；and B．Either；or C．Neither；nor
17．(2011·临沂)Don't forget to wash your hands________you have meals.
A．before B．until C．though D．unless
18．(2011·江西)Come on，________you'll be late.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
19．(2011·苏州)Good to see you again.It's almost three years ________we met last time.
A．until B．before C．while D．since
20．(2011·芜湖)—Do you like sports?
—Yes，I do some running in the park every day ________the weather is terrible.
A．if B．after C．unless D．while
21．(2011·山西)________they have some opposite view，they all think Chinese medicine is helpful.
A．Until B．Although C．Since
22．(2011·河北)Tony is a quiet student，________he is active in class.
A．so B．and C．but D．or
23．(2011·永州)We will climb the mountain tomorrow ________it doesn't rain.
A．if B．although C．since
24．(2011·青岛)Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years.Today it is still loved by________the young ________the old.
A．both；and B．either；or C．not；but D．neither；nor
25．(2011·潍坊)The magazine was started by Becky，________I know.
A．as far as B．as well as C．as soon as D．as much as
26．(2011·芜湖)We can talk with friends on the Internet________it’s easier and cheaper.
A．though B．as C．or D．but
27．(2011·青岛)Tom rushed into the house ________his mother was cooking.
A．as B．before C．while D．after
28．(2011·新疆)Tom didn't go to bed________he finished his homework last night.
A．after B．when C．until D．while
29．(2011·南京)They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing________they may fail.
A．if B．although C．unless D．until
30．(2011·重庆)John，work hard ________you will make much progress.
A．or B．nor C．but D．and
31．(2010中考变式题)—Peter, can you tell me the differences ________ the four words? —Sorry, I don't know.
A．between B．among
why?
—Because he had a bad cold.
A．except B．besides C．beside D．without
33．(2010中考变式题)—Would you like some coffee?
—Yes, and please get me some milk.I prefer coffee ________ milk.
A．with B．to C．of D．on
34．(2010中考变式题)When I got into the room，Sue was busy talking ________ the phone.
A．with B．on C．to D．in
35．(2010中考变式题)China lie ________ the east of Asia.
A．in B．on C．to D．of
39．(2010中考变式题)I don’t have to introduce him to you ________ you know the boy.
A．until B．unless C．since D．but
41．(2010中考变式题)Usually, we don't know how important something is ________ we lose it.
A．or B．until C．as soon as
43．(2012中考预测题)Lin Lin often practices English ________ chatting with her American friend.
A．in B．by C．for D．with
44．(2012中考预测题)—We'll have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet?
—Let's make it ________ half past eight ________ the morning of June 21.
A．at; in B．/; on C．/; in D．about; by
45．(2012中考预测题)Mr Black is strongly ________ keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals should also have the right to enjoy freedom.
A．up B．for C．against D．down
47．(2012中考预测题)I like flowers.I'm going to buy a house ________ a small garden in front of it.
A．in B．near C．with D．between
48．(2012中考预测题)Taiwan is a beautiful island and it’s ________ the east of Fujian.
A．in B．on C．to
49．(2012中考预测题)I need one more student to help me to carry the book.Please ask ________ Lucy ________ Lily to come.
A．neither; nor B．not only; but also C．both; and D．either; or C．for 32．(2010中考变式题)—All the students in our class went to the cinema ________ Kangkang,
51．(2012中考预测题)—I would go with him ________ I were here.
—You mean you would go with him no matter ________ he agrees or not?
A．if; if B．if; whether C．whether; if D．whether; whether
52．(2012中考预测题)________ Switzerland is very small, ________ it is the land of watch and it is very rich.
A．Though; but B．Because; so C．Because; / D．Though; /
53．(2012中考预测题)________ Tom ________ Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well.
A．Neither; nor B．Not only; but also C．Both; and D．Either; or
二. 用适当的介词填空
1. ---How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
---I’m going there _______ my car.
2. Mum, today is Mother’s Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _____ us at
Zhonglou Restaurant.
3. Hangzhou is famous ______ the West Lake.
4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures ______ a camera.
5. Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital ______ March, 25th?
6. We all agree ______ you. Let’s start at once.
7. There is a big shop ______ the other side of the road.
8. ---Which necklace have you lost?
---The one you gave me _____ my birthday.
9. You should take more exercise. It’s good ______ your health.
10. It is clear that fish cannot live _______ water.
三. 用适当的连词填空
1. ______ they are brothers, they don’t look like each other at all.
2. The dress was very expensive, ______ I didn’t buy it.
3. ---Do you know ______ I could pass the exam?
---Sorry, I’ve no idea.
4. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, ______ he can’t understand the instructions on the bottle of
the pills.
5. The war was over about a year ago, ______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot
of trouble to deal with.
6. ---Is David at school today?
---No. He is at home _______ he has a bad cold.
7. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.
8. Study hard, _____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.
9. Please have a wash _______ you go to bed.
10. The twins have learned a lot ______ they came to China.
家庭作业
一. 单项填空
1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.
A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on
2. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her.
A. beside B. about C. except D. with
3. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday present.
A. on B. as C. for D. of
4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.
A. since B. in C. on D. by
5. ---What is a writing brush, do you know?
---It’s _______ writing and drawing.
A. with B. to C. for D. by
6. English is widely used ______ travellers and business people all over the world.
A. to B. for C. as D. by
7. ______ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.
A. Under B. In C. With D. On
8. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.
A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in
9. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.
---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ______ rain.
A. in B. of C. with D. off
10. Japan lies ______ the east of China.
A. to B. in C. about D. at
11. ---Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008?
---I don’t think so. Now ______ the young ______ the old can speak some English.
A. either…or B. not only… but also
C. neither…nor D. both…or
12. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left late.
A. so B. because C. but D. though
13. Tom failed in the exam again _______ he wanted to pass it very much.
A. if B. so C. though D. as
14. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested
him myself.
A. after B. when C. if D. until
15. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ______ he realized it.
A. when B. until C. after D. before
16. ---This dress was last year’s style.
---I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year.
A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since
17. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the train.
A. and B. so C. however D. or
18. The mountain was ______ steep _____ few people in our city reached the top.
A. so…as B. so…that C. as…as D. too…to
19. ---Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xi’an?
---Of course. I remember everything ______ it happened yesterday.
A. as soon as B. even though C. rather than D. as if
20. ______ you can’t answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.
A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since