动词被动语态基本用法
一、定义
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时, 谓语的形式是主动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时, 谓语要用被动语态。
被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成, 时态、人称、数等通过be表现出来。
二、各种时态的主动与被动语态
a.v.(主动语态) p.v. (被动语态)
一般现在时: do/does am/is/are+p.p
一般过去时: did was/were+p.p
现在进行时: am/is/are+doing am/is/are being+p.p
过去进行时: was/were+doing was/were being +p.p
现在完成时: have/has+done have/has been+p.p
过去完成时: had+done had been+p.p
一般将来时: will/shall+do will/shall be +p.p
Eg:
We speak English. 主动语态
English is spoken by us. 被动语态
1)They________ the classroom yesterday.
昨天我们打扫了教室。
2)The classroom ____________ by them yesterday.
昨天教室被我们打扫了。
1.过去分词
规则动词的过去分词:
1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed
2)以不发音e结尾的加-d
3)以辅音加y结尾的, 去y变i加-ed
4)以重读闭音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母,
先双写该辅音字母, 再加-ed admit--admitted
watch---watched practice---practiced
study---studied stop---stopped
2.情态动词:S+ can/may/must/should(not) + be+过去分词 . 3.否定式
4.疑问式5.双宾语 He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.
Some fruits were bought for his friend (by him) yesterday.
三、被动语态考点分析
1. I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)
A. has completed B. completes
C. has been completed D. is completed
析: complete是及物动词, “邮集”是被人完成的, 须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来, 所以此题答案为D。
2. The police found that the house______ and
a lot of things ______. (NMET)
A. has broken into…has been stolen
B. has broken into…had been stolen
C. has been broken into…stolen
D. had been broken into…stolen
析: “房屋被人闯入”, “东西被偷”都是被动语态, 故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后, 则答案只能是D。
3 …Jane ______ _______(inform)
4.They ________(clean) the classroom yesterday.
5. The classroom _____ ______(clean) by them yesterday.
用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。
1. It is clear that London Olympic Games ___________ (hold) in 2012.
2. While many people turn to computer for news and movies, it doesn’t mean that the TV set _____________ (replace) in the near future.
3. Many chances ___________ (lose) if you don’t work hard.
4. You ______________ (fine) by the police if you keep driving so fast.
5. The question is going to ____________ (discuss) by us.
6. The little girl is so pretty that she _________________ (admire) by all the people.
7. They ________________(make)to work 10 hours a day.
8. I like these English songs and they ____________________(teach) many times on the radio.
9. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium____________________(complete) in Beijing.
A).短文填空(注意被动语态的各种时态的形式):
The Olympic Game 1____________(do) for the Game. 30 billion yuan 2 ______________ on the projects. An Olympic Village3____________(build) for the athletes and some hotels 4____________ for the visitors to stay in. The roads 5________ ______(make) wider and better and trees and flowers 6________________along the roads. The new Stadiums
7 ___________________(complete) before 2016. Many volunteers 8______________ (train) for the game. Many policemen 9 ___________(send) keep order. During the 2016 Olympic Game, the best athletes 10_____________(choose) to compete and they11 ________________(encourage) to do their best.
B).短文填空(注意被动语态的各种时态的形式):
Welcome to our school. I’d like to introduce you plans for our school. A lot of work1____________ (do) in the few years. The library 2____________ (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work. A new biology lab3_________ (build) this year. But we don’t have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades 4___________ (collect) money. The money which is collected 5__________(spend) on new equipment.
At present, a plan 6___________(make) for a party at the end of the term, at which wonderful performances 7_________(put) on. The gardens of the school 8________________(improve) this year. New trees 9____________ (plant) which will soon give shade in summer. The whole school 10 _________________ (paint) during the summer holidays. In fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
四、主动表示被动的几种情况
1. 不及物动词与状语连用, 用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是: cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。如:
This knife cuts well. 这把刀好切。
These books sell well. 这些书好卖。
The cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。
The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
2. 一些连系动词的主动式+形容词
常见动词: look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
如: The apples taste good.
The flower smells wonderful.
The news proved/turned out true.
Cotton feels soft.
3. 不定式在某些形容词之后, 且与主语有动宾关系
常见形容词有: hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible等。
如: The problem is easy to do.
The question is difficult to answer.
The box is heavy to carry.
The project is impossible to complete in a year.
五.写出下列单词的过去式和过去分词(找出规律并积累)
1.study ______, _____ 15.refer ________, _____
2.carry ______, _____ 16.destroy________, _____
3.plan ______, _____ 17.worry ________, _____
4.try ______, _____ 20.admit ________, _____
5.travel _____, _____ 21.permit ________, _____
6.survey_______, ______ 22.accompany_______, _______
7.betray________, ______ 23.obey_______,_______
8.cry________, ______ 24.bleed_______,________
9.control_______, ______ 25.blow _______,__________
10.enjoy_______,______ 26.break _______,__________
11.occur_______, ______ 27. bring _________,__________
12.marry_______, _____ 28. buy _________,___________
13.prefer_______, _____ 29. begin ________,__________
14.limit ______, _____ 30.catch__________, _________
31. choose__________, _________ 32. draw__________, _________
33.drive__________, _________ 34. deal__________, _________ 35.drink__________, _________ 36.fight __________, _________ 37. feel__________, _________ 38.fall__________, _________ 39.find__________, _________ 40.feed __________, _________ 41.fly__________, _________ 42.forbid__________, _________ 43.forget__________, _________ 44.freeze__________, _________ 45.eat__________, _________ 46.get__________, _________ 47.give__________, _________ 48.grow__________, _________ 49.hear__________, _________ 50.hide__________, ________ 51.hit__________, _________ 52.hurt__________, _________ 53.keep__________, _________ 54.know__________, _________ 55.lay__________, _________ 56.learn__________, _________ 57.lay__________, _________ 58.leave__________, _________ 59.lend__________, _________ 60.lie__________, _________ 61.lose__________, _________ 62.make__________, _________ 63.mean__________, _________ 64meet__________, _________ 65.mistake__________, _________
67.pay__________, _________ 68.ride__________, _________ 69.ring__________, _________ 70.rise__________, _________ 71.run__________, _________ 72.say__________, _________ 73.see__________, _________ 74.sell__________, _________ 75.send__________, _________ 76.set__________, _________ 77.shake__________, _________ 78.shine__________, _________ 79.show__________, _________ 80.sing__________, _________ 81.sit__________, _________ 82.sleep__________, _________ 83.slide__________, _________ 84.speak_________, _________ 85.spend_________,_________ 86.spit __________,_________ 87.stand_________,_________ 88.stick__________,_________ 89. swim_________,_________ 90. take__________,_________ 91.teach_________,_________ 92.tell__________,__________ 93.think________,__________ 94.throw_______,__________
95.understand________,_________ 96.wake__________,___________ 97.wear__________,__________ 98.win__________,__________ 99.write_________,__________