高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难
10. treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理 11. sex n. 性别；性 点解析Unit7-8
12. proper a 正确的，适当的 13. available a. 可利用的；有效的 ☆重点句型☆
14. network n. 网络 1. I can became infected with HIV by swinmaing ... 15. specialist n. 专家
2. I wish that she were here with me and that we weren't 16. fierce a. 野蛮的，凶猛的；激烈的 sick.
17. cell n. 细胞；单人牢房 3. The most important thing to keep ... is to stay calm. 18. radiation n. 辐射，放射 4. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could 19. recover v. 恢复，康复 have helped them.
20. drown v. 溺死，使淹死 5. Many hospital recommend that we use the letters ... 21. scream v. 尖叫，呼啸
6. If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would ... 22. witness vt. & n. 目击，为……作证；目击者7. As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer 23. response n. 响应
the most.
24. slight adj. 轻微的，纤细的 8. She might have been hit by a car ...
25. chest n. 胸膛；箱子 9. Send whatever you find to the hospital to help ... 26. circulate v. 循环，流通 10. There we're days when I wished that I were dead so
that I would not have to feel so sick. 27. wound n. 伤口 ☆重点词汇☆ 28. motorcycle n. 摩托年 1. deadly a. 致命的 29. sudden a. 意外的 2. quiz n. 小测验；竞赛 30。 loose a. 松散的 3. false a. 错误的，假的 31. tap n. (水，煤气等)龙头 4. virus n. 病毒 32. bandage n. 包扎带 5. via prep. 通过，经由 33. ambulance n. 救护车
6. blood n. 血
34. choke v. 窒息，哽住，使窒息 7. prevention n. 防止，预防 ☆重点短语☆
8. persuade v. 劝服
1. be / become infected with 受……感染 9. illness n. 病；(身体)小舒服
2. get tested for 测试
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3. break down 损坏 4. suffer from 患……病 5. fear of disease 怕疾病 6. lack of 缺乏
7. free from 不受……影响，没有…… 8. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴 9. medicine for cold 感冒药
10. last days of one's life 生命的最后日子 11. a great many 许多 12. samples of blood 血样 13. incurable disease 不治之症 14. go to end 结束。到头了 15. on the contrary 相反 16. for the moment 暂时，目前 17. think of...as 把……当作 18. live life to the fullest 生活得充实 19. first aid 急救 20. first of all 首先 21. roll over 翻转 22. die of 死于
23. in honor of 纪念……，庆祝…… 24. in case of 以防…… 25. keep in mind 记在心上 ☆交际用语☆
1. A lot of people can't tell the difference between... 2. Are there many differences? 3. What do you mean by...
4. I'm sorry, I don't quite follow you. 5. Do you use American or British spdling?
6. American spellings ale used more and more in Canada danger 脱离危险；out of work 失业。 now.
8. cheer vt. & vi. 使高兴，使振奋，喝彩 7. We must carry her to the side of the road. The good news cheers them all. 8. You should / shouldn't... 这个好消息使我们大家很高兴。 9. I ought to go home. The fans cheer (for) their football team. 10. Don't try to get up.
球迷为他们的足球队加油助威。 ☆词汇短语☆
主要搭配：
7. available a. 可用的，可达到的，有效的 (1) cheer up (使愉快，使高兴) The books are readily available for reference. 作及物或不及物用法：
这些书随时可供参考。
Cheer up! My little man. 别灰心，老弟! Is Mr. Smith available for the opening of the school? She told a joke, trying to cheer me up. 史密斯先生能参加学校的开学仪式吗? 她讲了个笑话来让我开心。 17. breathe, breath
(2) cheer on (鼓励，鼓劲)
(1) breathe 是动词，呵及物也可不及物。 We all cheered the runners on as they rushed to the breathe hard 费力地呼吸 tape.
breathe into one's mouth 当运动员冲刺时，我们都为他们鼓劲。 向某人嘴里吹气 5. discourage
breathe dust / fresh air 使泄气；使失去信心、希望或精神(做某事) 吸进灰尘／呼吸新鲜空气 1) ～ sb. (from doing sth.) start one's breathing 阻拦某人不要做某事
让某人呼吸起来 His parents discouraged him from joining the air force. (2) breath 是名词。
他的父母劝他不要参加空军。 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 2) try to stop (sth.) take breath 喘口气；休息一下 试图阻止；阻拦；劝阻
hold one's breath 屏住气 The school teachers discourage smoking. lose one's breath 喘不过气来
学校老师不赞成吸烟。
out of breath 上气不接下气，气喘吁吁
3) be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj. [注意] out of sight 看不见；out of order 出故障；out of If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be question 没问题；out of control 失去控制；out of discouraged.
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如果你学习中遇到什么困难，不要灰心。 discouraging adj.
a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、回答 2. false a. 假的，错的，不实的 The report is false. 这份报告不真实。 He is false of heart. 他不忠实。
常见结构 be false to 意为“违背，不忠，欺骗”。 He is false to his country. 他背叛祖国。 She is a girl false to her promise / word. 她是一个不守诺言的女孩子。 【考点8】free 的用法 ▲ 构词：
① freedom n. [U]自由 ② freely adv. 自由地 ▲ 搭配：
① for free 免费(作表语、状语) ② set...free 释放……；使……自由 ③ free of charge 免费(作表语、状语)
④ be free from 免于……；不受……；无……的；免去 ……的
⑤ have a free talk(with sb)(about sth) 和(某人)就某 事进行自由交谈
⑥ enjoy free medical care 享受公费医疗 ⑦ enjoy freedom of speech 享受言论自由 ⑧ fight for freedom 为自由而战 ▲句型：
① sb be free = sb have free time 有空
② sb be / feel free to do sth 随便干……，随心所欲地干 ……。无拘无束地干……
③ free + sb / sth 使……自由 or feelings
▲ 友情提示：“免费”的其他表示法：
Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the ① for nothing (作状语)；without payment (作状语)； whole class.
free(作表语、定语)
她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班。 ② at one's own expense / charge 自费(作状语) 6. lack 缺乏，不足 ③ at public expense 公费
(1) 名词用法
④ (enjoy)public health services = (enjoy) free medical She has no lack of supporters. service / care (享受)公费医疗 她不缺支持者。(有很多支持者) 【考例8】The prisoner was ____. The draught was caused by a lack of rain. A. set freely B. enjoyed free 这场旱灾是雨水不足造成的。
C. get freedom D. set free
[注意] lack作可数或不可数名词，lack前面常与for [考查目标]考查free，freely，freedom等词的运用。 搭配，表示“缺乏”的原因，此时常用作不可数名词，[答案与解析]D set sb free为一个固定短语，表示“释 如：
放某人”。 We now can't discuss the plan for lack of time. 1. infect
因时间所限我们现在不能讨论这个计划。 1) 使某人／某物传染，感染
(2) 动词用法
～ sb. / sth. (with sth.)；cause sb. / sth. to have a lack 可作及物或不及物动词用，作不及物动词时与 disease
for 搭配表示原因，与in搭配表示“在……方面缺 The laboratory animals had been infected with the 乏”。
bacteria.
The young completely lacks experience. 试验室里的动物都受到这种细菌的感染。 这个年轻人完全缺乏经验。 Police have sealed off infected areas of the country. They lack for money at present. 警方已将全国各感染区封锁了。
目前他们缺乏资金。 One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon He is lacking in responsibility. infected other children.
他缺乏责任心。 班上的一个孩子发烧了，不久他就传染上了其他孩 【考点2】lack的用法 子。
▲ 搭配：
2) 使受影响，使受感染
① for lack of 因缺少 fill (sb.'s mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas ② lack in 缺少
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▲ 句型：
① There is a lack of sth 缺少……
② There is no lack of sth = have no lack of sth 不缺 【考例2】(2002上海)Though ____ money, his par- ents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in [考查目标] 考查省略句。
[答案与解析]C 当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时． 或从句的谓语是be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词， 本句补全应该为：Though (they were) lacking... 【考点5】manage 的用法 ▲ 构词： ① manager n. 经理
② management n. 经营，管理 ▲句型：
① manage to do sth 设法做成某事
② I can manage it myself. 我自己能应付／对付过去。 ▲辨析：attempt；manage；succeed；try；seek 该组词均含“设法”之意。try表示尽力、设法、试图去 做某事，但未必一定成功，所做之事不一定有困难；try 还可作名词，have a try = try = have a go 试一次； have another try = try again再试一次；want a go 想试 一次。attempt 是try 的更正式的说法，试图做某事，有时可以表示“企图”的意思。manage表示设法(得以)完 成(某件困难之事)，还可作及物动词，意为“经营，管 理”；不及物动词，意为“能办到”，常用于口语I can manage (it) myself. 我自己能行。succeed 去做所希望 的事并成功地干了该事，常见结构是succeed in(do—
ing) sth。seek意为“试图、企图干某事”。例如： ① persuade sb (not) to do sth说服某人(不要)干某事 The boys attempted to leave for camping but were ② persuade sb into / out of doing sth (= advise sb not to stopped by their parents. 男孩子们想去野营但被他们 do sth)说服某人(不要)干某事
的父母拦住了。 ③ persuade sb that... 使人信服……
She succeeded in taking a first-class degree in physics 【考例l】(2001上海)Alice trusts you: only you can tWO years after arriving in Paris. 到巴黎之后，她取得了 ____ her to give up the foolish idea.
一级物理学位。 A. suggest B. attract
He tried to do the operation with very little help, but C. tempt D. persuade
didn't succeed. 他试图在没有帮助的情况下做这个手 [考查目标] 考查动词之间的辨析与实际运用。
术，但没有成功。 [答案与解析]D suggest 不能接 sb. do sth；句子的意
【考例5】He ____ the operation with very little 思为：Alice 相信你，只是因为你能说服她放弃愚蠢的 help. 想法。
A. succeeded to do B. attempted to 【考点3】prevent 的用法
C. managed to do D. managed doing ▲ 搭配：prevent...from...妨碍；阻碍；防止；预防
[考查目标] 考查同义词的辨析。 ▲ 句型：
[答案与解析]C succeed in doing sth，而 manage to ① prevent sth 阻止……，预防……
do sth; attempt 为vt. 后面直接接宾语，而不要接介词。 ② prevent sb's doing sth
4. persuade vt. ③ prevent sb / sth (from) doing sth = stop sb / sth cause sb. to do sth. by arguing or reasoning with him (from)doing sth = keep sb / sth from doing sth 阻 说服，劝服；使相信 止／防止某人干……
persuade sb. into / out of sth. 说服，劝服某人做某事 ▲ 注意：在prevent sb / sth from doing sth和stop sb / persuade sb. to do sth. sth from doing sth中，from在主动句中可省略，在被动 persuade sb. that... 后接宾语从句 句中不能省略；keep sb / sth from doing sth 中 from 的 Who persuaded you to join this society? 不可省略。
谁说服你参加这个团体? ▲ 辨析：prevent; protect
I am almost persuaded of his honesty. 两词意义相近，但用法和意思略有差别。protect常用 我几乎相信他是诚实的。 于protect sb / sth from / against sth 结构中，from或
【考点l】persuade的用法 against 后常接名词．不接动词-ing形式。而prevent常▲ 句型： 用于prevent sb / sth from doing sth 结构中，而且只能 本资料由轻松学（ ）收集整理 欢迎投稿
与from连用，不能与against搭配．from后常接动词一 ing形式，也可接名词。例如： My parents are trying to prevent me from going abroad. 我父母极力阻止我出国。 His advice prevented me from making a serious mis- take. 他的忠告使我免于犯下严重的错误。 He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他 伸出胳臂护住脸部免受被拳击打。 【考例3】 No one can prevent the plans ____ out. A. to be carried B. from being carried C. not to carry D. from carrying [考查目标] 考查 prevent 短语的搭配与语态的用法。 [答案与解析]B prevent sb. / sth tom doing sth 结合 上下文，the plans应该“被实施”。故动名词用被动形 式。 15. recommend vt. 推荐，介绍；劝告，建议；使可接受；使受欢迎；使成为 可取；托(付)；交付 He recommended to try a new medicine. 他建议试服一种新药。 The woman manager recommended her child to her colleague. 那位女经理把她的孩子托给同事照管。 Your plan has very little t0 recommend it. 你的计划几乎毫无可取之处。 The dying man recommended his soul to God. 这垂危病人把灵魂交付上帝。 10. recover 恢复，病愈 (1) 通常作不及物动词用，名词为recovery。
Her father has fully recovered. I shall always remember my first day in college. 我将永 她父亲已完全康复。 远记住我上大学的第一天。 (2) 常与from连用，如：
【考例9】(1999上海)
He has just recovered from severe illness. -- Let me tell you something about the journalists. 他大病初愈。
-- Don't you remember ____ me the story yester— The city is recovering from the effects of the day?
earthquake.
A. told B. telling 这座城市正在从地震中恢复正常。 C. to tell D. to have told
【考点9】remember 的用法 [考查目标] remember 在非谓语动词中的用法。 ▲ 搭配：
[答案与解析]B remember to do sth 表示“记得要做某 ① be remembered as 作为……而被铭记 事”；而rememberdoing表示“记得做过某事”。从上下 ② be remembered for... 因为……而被别人记住 文看应该是后者。
▲ 句型：
16. response 回答；答复；反应 ① remember sth / that clause
I've had no response to my letter. ② remember to do sth (=don't forget to do sth) 记住要 我还没有回信。
做某事
His appeal met with no (little) response. ③ remember doing sth (have done sth arid remember the 他的呼吁没有得到任何反应。 action) 记得曾做过某事 in response to [介] 回答……；回应 ④ remember + wh-clause
【考点7】since 的用法
⑤ remember me to sb 代我向某人问好 ▲ 搭配：ever since自从那时起一直到现在；since then ▲辨析：memorize；recall；remember
从那时起，常与完成时连用；比较：from then on从那时 三词均与“记忆”有关．但memorize意为“记忆。默记”． 起．常与一般过去时连用；after that从那以后，表示过 指有意识地用心去记。remember意为“记得，想起”，指 去某一事件后。但并不延续到现在，常与一般过去时连 回忆或想起某事，表示没有刻意费心去想，有时也表示 用。
有意识地把某事记在心上。recall意为“追忆，回想”， After that he didn't say anything to other people. 从那 指有意或努力追忆已忘记的事。例如：
以后，他和其他人什么也没说过。
She finally memorized the poem. 她终于记住了那首诗。 【考例7】(2004上海) The first use of atomic weapons I can't recall the exact details of the report. 我记不起报 was in 1 945，and their power ____ increased enor- 告的确切细节。
mously ever since.
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A. is B. was
C. has been D. had been
[考查目标] 考查时态在具体语境中的用法。 [答案与解析]C ever since暗示应该使用现在完成时 态，强调对现在的影响和产生的结果。 【考点6】stop的用法 ▲ 搭配：
① put a stop to 制止
② come to a (sudden，complete) stop (突然) 停了 ③ bring sth to a stop 使……停止，使……终止 ▲ 句型： ① sb / sth stop ② sb stop sb / sth
③ sb stop to do sth = sb stop and do sth 停止某事而去 做另一件事
④ stop doing sth停止做原来的某事
⑤ sb / sth stop sb / sth (from) doing sth / being done 阻止某人做某事／阻止某事被做 ▲辨析1：avoid；prevent；stop
三词均意为“避免”，但avoid意为“避开，避免”，指避开 人为的或自然产生的情况或结果。其后可接名词或动 词。prevent意为“阻止，避免”，多指使用预防性或阻止 性的措施来反对、阻止某事。其后可接名词、代词、动 名词复合结构。常用的句型为：prevent...from。stop 意为“阻止，避免”，与prevent相近，常用的句型为：stop ...(from)，在被动句中from不能省略。例如： I crossed the street to avoid meeting my father. 我穿过 马路以免遇到爸爸。
These rules are intended to prevent accidents. 这些规章
旨在防止事故发生。 spoil；wound
Her parents are trying to stop me seeing her. 她父母企 这几个词都有“伤害”的意思。damage指伤害人或物而 图阻止我见她。 使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观。该词也可作名词， ▲辨析2：pause；stop 多用于自然灾害中的损害，相当于harm。destroy指具 两词均意为“停止”，但pause表示“停顿”的意思，指暂 体的或抽象的事物受到彻底损坏而很难恢复，故常用 时停止。stop表示“停止。阻止”的意思，应用比较广 来指“破坏、毁坏、摧毁”。harm常用于口语，一般只作 泛。多用于口语中，其后面跟动名词或动词不定式，所 及物动词，表示对……有害／损害，特指伤及一个人或 表达的意思完全相反(见上)。 其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生痛苦、损失或
【考例6】(MET 1990)She reached the top 0f the hill 某种不幸遭遇。其名词为harm，只能作不可数名词，意 and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the 为“损害、伤害”。hurt一般用语，既可以指肉体上的， path. 也可以指精神上的，还可表示在事故中受伤。其名词
A. to have rested B. resting 为hurt，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。
C. to rest D. rest injure主要指在事故中受伤。其名词是injury，平时的
[考查目标] 考查 stop 的用法。 大小创伤或伤害，还可指事故中的伤害。rum多用于
[答案与解析]C stop to do 表示“停下来做另外一件 借喻中，有时泛指一般的“弄坏了”。spoil“损害，损坏， 事情”；stopdoing sth 则表示“停止做原来的事情”。从 破坏”，指原来的质量、结构、安排、打算等遭到损害、破上下文看应该选用to do sth。 坏，而使某物无用或不能令人满意。wound常指在战
3. via 争、暴力或灾害中受伤，也可指精神上的创伤。其名词
1) prep. by way of (sth.); through 经由，途经 是wound，指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。例如： to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin His wife had an accident and damaged her bike. 他的妻 由北京经由天津去上海 子遇到了意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。
go from London to Washington via New York The heavy storms destroyed a good part of our crops.
2) by means of 通过；凭借 几场暴雨把大部分庄稼都毁坏了。
I sent a message to Mary via her brother. He didn't mean to harm you. 他不是故意伤害你的。 我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。 I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我本没想要伤害你
【考点4】wound 的用法 的感情。
▲ 构词：wounded adj. 受伤的 There were tWO people injured in the car accident. 有两 ▲搭配：receive a wound = be wounded 受伤 个人在车祸中受了伤。
▲辨析：damage；destroy；harm；hurt；injure；ruin； He ruined himself by gambling. 他因赌博毁了自己。 本资料由轻松学（ ）收集整理 欢迎投稿
Our holidays were spoilt by bad weather. 我们假日的乐 趣被恶劣天气破坏了。 The enemy fired and wounded some of our soldiers. 敌 人开枪伤了我们的战士。 【考例4】(2001上海) A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ____ leg. A. a B. one C. the D. his [考查目标]考查固定搭配。 [答案与解析]C 本题考查动词wound sb. + 介词 in + the+身体的某一部位的固定搭配。 11. 表示态度、语气的评注性状语归类： generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格说来 honestly speaking 诚实地说来 personally speaking 就我个人而言 exactly speaking 准确地说来 to tell you the truth 说实话 to be honest 老实说 believe it or not 信不信由你 judging from his appearance 从他的相貌来说 上述用法系固定搭配，动词形式不因句子结构而变 化，使用时应特别注意。如： Personally speaking, he is fit for the work. 我个人认为他胜任这项工作。 To be honest, I don't appreciate the style. 坦率讲，我不喜欢这种风格。 Believe it or not, she'll no long be here. 信不信由你，她不会再来这里了。 [牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
⑧ as a rule 一般说来，通常 (wound, stop, lack, manage, free, prevent, since, re— ⑨ as a / the result of 由于 member, persuade)
⑩ as usual 像往常一样
1. You are ____ to express whatever you want to at [例句] As with swimming, riding a bicycle does good to the meeting.
our health. 像游泳一样，骑自行车对我们的健康有好 2. Do you think we'll ____ to finish the work by 处。
Friday?
I enjoy going to the movies．But as for the theater, I 3. There is a ____ of skilled labour in that country． prefer staying at home. 我喜欢看电影，但至于看戏，我4. We all tried to ____ him smoking in the room. 宁可呆在家里。
but he wouldn't listen t0 us． I want your advice as to what I ought to do with Mr. 5. ____ to mail my letter. Ernest．关于怎样和俄尼斯特先生打交道，我需要你的 6. -- What was the party like?
高见。
-- Wonderful. It's years ____ l enjoyed myself so 【考例1】I enjoy going t0 the movies ____ the thea— much.
tres.
7. The number of deaths from heart disease will be re— A. as for B. as with duced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit C. as to D. as from
and vegetables.
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的辨义问题。 8. No one can ____ the plan from being carried out． [答案与解析]B as from 从……时起。题意是：我喜 9. Gunmen killed two people and ____ six others in 欢看电影像喜欢看戏剧一样。 an attack today. 【考点2】与 chance 有关的短语
【短语归类】 ① take every chance 利用机会；碰运气 (=take a 【考点l】与as有关的短语
chance, take chances)
① as with sb / sth / doing 如同……一样 ② by chance = by accident 偶然地；无意中 ② as for 至于；就……而言 ③ by any chance 万一
③ as to 关于
[例句]Don't take chances by driving too fast. 不要开快 ④ as far as 就……而论；据…… 车来冒险。
⑤ as good as 几乎已经，实际已经 I'll take my chance of being captured by the enemy. 我 ⑥ as follows 如下 要冒着被敌人抓到的危险碰碰运气。 ⑦ as a whole 总的来说
【考例2】That's a chance I'll have to ____.
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A. make B. take C. try D. play
[考查目标] 此题主要考查固定短语的搭配问题。 [答案与解析]B 在take a chance 短语中，不可用其他 动词。
13. in case of (in case) 以防，假使
In case of her being out, you may leave a massage. 假如她不在家你可留张便条。
What shall we do in case he is absent at the meeting? 万一他不来开会我们怎么办? Take your raincoat, just in case. 带上雨衣以防下雨。
[注意](1) in case of接名词或相当于名词的成分；in case引导句子或单独使用，上面句子中just in case 相当于just in case of rain。类似用法还有in this / that case (要是这样 / 那样的话)，如： In that case，we will not go with you.
要是情况是那样的话，我们就不和你一起去了。 (2) in 与 ease 搭配也常表示“在……情况下”主要有 以下词组：
in any case( 在任何情况下) in all cases (在所有情况下) in a particular case (在特殊情况下) in some case (在某种情况下)
in no case( 在任何情况下都不，决不) 如：In no case, can I lend money to him. 在任何情况下我都不会借钱给他。
12. in honor of (in sb's honor) 为了……纪念／庆祝，对 ……表示敬意／欢迎
A banquet was given in honor of the visiting president. 的确是冷。
举行宴会欢迎来访的总统。 The teacher makes sure, too, that the child gets
A birthday party is being planned in our teacher's enough rest and play, along with his education. honor. 教师还要保证每个孩子在接受教育的同时有充分 正在为我们的老师筹划一个生日聚会。 的时间休息和游戏。
试比较：for the honor of... (为了……荣誉) He said he would come with his wife, and sure enough He will try his best for the honor of his school. he did.
他会为学校的荣誉而努力。 他说他会带着妻子一起来的，果然他们来了。 类似用法 in memory of (为了……纪念)，如： 【考点4】make things / matters worse 使事情更糟 The statue was built in memory of Mr. LuXun. ① to make matters worse = what's worse = worse still 这个雕塑是为纪念鲁迅先生而建的。 更糟的是
14. make sure: to establish something without doubt; ② what's more = besides 此外；而且
make certain 弄清楚；确保 [例句] I realized that anything I could say would only Make sure he writes it down. make matters worse. 我意识到只要我说话就会添乱子。 让他一定记下来。 It got dark, and to make things worse it began to rain. sure adj. (常与of，that连用) 确信的；肯定的 天黑了，更糟的是又开始下起雨来。
Please make sure that the house is locked before you ▲ 辨析：make things worse是动词短语，而to make leave. matters worse是副词短语。
请你确信是锁上房间后才离开的。 【考例4】He seemed to have no desire to go there; I'm not sure about the practicality of their plan. ____, his clothes were not good enough.
我还无法确定他们的那个计划的可行性如何。 A. what's worse B. what's more
(与to连用) 一定的；必定的 C. thus D. therefore
We are sure to benefit from the new timetable. [考查目标] 此题主要考查副词在句意中的理解问题。 我们肯定会得益于新的作息时间表。 [答案与解析]B 题意是：他似乎不想去那里，此外，他 There's sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house 的衣服也不够好。
finds the window's broken. 【考点3】与 mind 有关的短语
房子的主人发现窗子被人打破时准会大吵大闹的。 ① keep / bear / carry…in mind记住
sure adv. 一定地；必定地；无疑地 ② have...in mind心中在想
It sure was cold. ③ have a mind to do sth 打算做某事
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④ keep one's mind on / upon 聚精会神 ⑤ make up one's mind(s) 下决心 ⑥ Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦(谚语)。 [例句] At this point I can't undertake to accept your suggestion，but l will keep it in mind. 在这一点上，我 不能保证接受你的建议，但我会把它记在心里。 Judging his achievement, we must bear in mind that hc has had no previous experience of this kind of work. 判 断他的成绩时，我们要记住他以前并没有做过这种工 作的经验。 What do you have in mind? 你在想什么? 【考例3】I could see he was not telling me all be ____ in mind. A. kept B. had C. carried D. made [考查目标]此题主要考查短语的辨义和短语的搭配问 题。 [答案与解析]B C、D两项显然错误。题意是：我能看出他没有把他所想的告诉我。 【考点5】与moment有关的短语 ① for the moment 暂时 = for the present ② for a moment 片刻 ③ in a moment 不久，立刻．马上 ④ at the moment 此时．现在 ⑤ the moment 一……就……= the minute / instant [例句] We aren't going to make any change for the mo- ment. 我们暂时不做任何改变。 The new couple are traveling abroad at the moment. 那 对新婚夫妇跟下正在国外旅行。
【考例5】(2001京、蒙、皖春招) 4. I don't mind picking up your things from the store. -- Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed ____, the walk will do me good.
her? A. Still B. Worse still -- Yes, I gave it to her ____ I saw her. C. Besides D. However
A. while B. the moment 5. He promised to attend to the cause ____ he
C. suddenly D. once reached the office.
[考查目标] 此题主要考查连词问题。 A. in a moment B. the moment
[答案与解析]B 先排除C项，因为suddenly是副词， C. in case D. as far as
不能引导从句。从上下句看。所欠的钱已还过，而且 ☆词语比较☆
是．一看见她就还了，所以又排除D项，因为once舍有 1. persuade, advise
条件意味。while强调一段时间。 两个词都有“劝”之意，persuade表示结果，advise只
9. suffer from 受……苦，遭……难，患……病 强调动作。
Most part of the country suffered fromthe heavy flood. We advised (or: tried to persuade) him to stop talking, 这个国家的大部分地区遭受严重水灾。 but hc refused.
His mother suffers from heart trouble. 我们劝(试图劝服)他别谈了但他不听。
他母亲患心脏病。 I persuade him to stop smoking. tie now looks better.
[牛刀小试2] 我劝服他戒了烟。现在他看f：去更健康了。
1. Nothing definite has been arranged ____ its per- [注意] persuade 表示“说服某人做／不做某事”除了 formance. persuade sb. to / not to do...结构，还有persuade sb.
A. as if B. as for into doing sth. / out of doing sth. 如：
C. as with D. as to He persuaded me into leaving soon.
2. We will ____ a chance on the weather and have 他劝服我马上离开。
the party outdoors. 2. dead, deadly, dying
A. take B. try 三个词都可以作形容词，但含义各不相同。dead意
C. get D. make 为“死了”，反义词是alive，表示死亡状态；deadly意
3. I have tried to keep his advice in ____ when 为“致命的”表示抽象意义；dying意为“临死的”。 writing this book. The dog has been dead for hours.
A. head B. heart 这条狗死了几个小时了。
C. mind D. brain That is a deadly snake. 这是一条致命的蛇。 本资料由轻松学（ ）收集整理 欢迎投稿
The dying man tried to my mmething. 这个快死的人试图想说什么。 [注意] dead，dying可在前面加 the 作名词用；deadly 还有“死气沉沉”之意。如： The dead (dying) were being taken away from the spot. 当时死者 (快死的人) 正从现场被抬走。 The lecture is deadly. Many began to leave. 演讲太沉闷了。许多人开始离开。 3. for the moment, for a moment for the moment 意为“目前，暂时”，for a moment意 为“(过)片刻，一会儿”。 They don't plan to move for the moment. 他们目前不想搬走。 I will stay here for a moment. 我要在这里呆会儿。 4. die of, die from, die for, die in (1) die of 意为“因……而死”，原因多为来自内部、 情感、冻饿和生病等，如：die of hunger (a fever, thirst, sorrow, old age) 死于饥饿 (发烧、渴、忧伤、年 老) (2) die from 意为“由于……而死”，原因通常来自外 部，如：die from wound (lack of food, an accident, over work, drinking, pollution)死于外伤(缺乏食物、事 故、过度劳动、饮酒、污染) (3) die for 意为了“为……而死”，如： The soldier died for his motherland. 他为祖旧捐躯。 (4) die in 意为“死于……”，如：die in battle (战死)， die greatly in debt (死于负债累累)，die in office (死 于任职期间)
5. reason, cause, excuse, grounds 对比：sit still 坐着不动
(1) reason：理由，原因；指决定做某一件事或采取某 Be quiet, and the class will begin.
一行动的理由，由此而得出结论或解释。 请安静，马上就要开始上课了。
The reason for my absence was that l was ill. 这儿不能 Hearing the answer, he was silent for a minute or 用because引导。 more.
(2) cause：起因；指引起某种后果的起因。 听了回答之后，他沉默了一两分钟。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was ☆句型诠释☆
driving too fast. 1. I can became infected with HIV by swimming... 事故的起因是他开得太快。 我可能通过游泳感染了 HIV (人体免疫缺损病毒)
(3) excuse：辩解，借口；指为某一行为所做的解释，可 ... by doing sth. “通过／以……(方式)”是个常见句 以是真的，也可以是托词。 型，在第7、8单元中大量使用，如：People transmit Too much work is no excuse for not studying. HIV by having unprotected sex, by receiving infected 工作太多不能成为不学习的理由。 ...By staying Calm we will be...We can also prepare
(4) grounds：根据，理由；有根据的理由。 for an emergency by learning more about...We can do We have good grounds t。believe his story. a lot...by simply asking...等必须熟练掌握。又如： 我们有充分的理由相信他的话。 What do you mean by saying so?
6. still, quiet, silent 你这么说什么意思?
(1) still用作形容词，意为“静止的，不动的，平静的”。 The little girl made a living by selling newspapers. keep (stay) still 保持不动 小女孩以卖报为生。
lie (stand) still 躺着(站着)不动 2. I wish that she were here with Ine and that we weren't a still lake / evening sick.
平静的湖／寂静的夜晚 我但愿她和我呆在这儿，但愿我们都健康。
用作副词，表示“还，仍旧”，可以修饰形容词、副词比 该句wish接两个that引导的从句。wish接that引 较级。 导的从句通常用虚拟语气，表示强烈的愿望或现实 be still busy 仍然很忙 与事实相反，通过从句中的动词过去某种时态来表 win still greater success 取得更火成功 现。
(2) still 侧重“一动不动”，quiet指“安静”，无动作，无 I wish your prngram would conic truth as soon as 声音，无骚乱，其反义词是noisy (吵闹的、喧哗的)； possible.
silent 指不出声，不说话。 我希望你的计划能尽快实现。
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How she wish that we had told her the news yesterday! (In fact we didn't tell her yesterday.) 她多么希望我们昨天告诉她这个消息了! 3. There were days when I wished that I were dead so that I wouldn't have to feel so sick. 那些日子我多么希望我已经死了，这样我就没有必 要忍受那么多的痛苦。 when 这儿接一个定语从句，先行词是days。I wish 后接虚拟语气；so that用了一个目的状语从句。 4. Many hospitals recommend that we use the letters DR ABC to remember what to do when we have to think fast. 很多医院建议当我们需要快速思考的时候，我们应 该用DR ABC来提醒我们该做什么。 当 remmmend 后接宾语从句时，从句中通常用 should来表示虚拟语气，should还可以省略。类似的 动词还有suggest，advise，demand，etc. The teacher recommended that we (should) read the novel. 老师劝我们读那本小说。 The professor advised his little brother (should) study harder when he was still young. 那位教授建议他的弟弟趁年轻应该努力学习。 5. As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer the most. 就像大多数的疾病和灾难一样，最遭罪的是年轻人。 as with...正如……一样，完整的句子为"As it is the same with..."。 As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and
careful in doing this job.
语。
正如画画一样，在做这件事时，你应该耐心细致。 The first thing for her to do is to tidy up the meeting 6. She might have been hit by a car. room.
她也许被车撞了。
她第一件要做的事就是整理会议室。
“情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对某一事实的假设 What they need at preselat is to have the house painted.
或推测，但不同的情态动词表示不同的程度，肯定 他们目前的要求就是把房子油漆一下。 的程度如下：
【句型归纳】
must have done (肯定已经做了) 【考点1】1 wish that she were here with me and we may have done (可能已经做了) weren't sick. 我希望她还在，我们都没有病。 codd have done (可能已经做了) 本句中，要注意动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 might have done (也许已经做了)
其用法为：
[注意] (1) 这种用法通常不用must表示否定或疑 ①表示现存的祝愿和抱歉。从句的谓语用 be 和 were / 问，而用can表示。
was (were更为常用)，实义动词用过去式。例如： He can't have finished the work. I wish they were at home this time. 但愿他们这次在 他肯定没有完成这项工作。
家。
Can you have informed her of the time for the meeting? ② 表示对过去事情的遗憾，从句的谓语用过去完成时 你肯定通知她开会时间了吗?
或could + 现在完成时。例如：
(2) shouId have done 表示后悔或责备，意为“本应该 I wish I hadn't hurt him so much. 真后悔伤他这么 做了(但事实上没做)”，可根据语境判断。 重。
You are late again. You ____ ten minutes earlier． ③ 表示对将来事情的愿望．从句的谓语为would / A. must have come B. should have come could / might + 动词原形。例如：
C. could have come D. might have come
I wish I might be able to come tomorrow. 要是我明 【解析】选B 该句表示一种责备，意为“你又迟到 天能来就好了。
了，你本该早十分钟就到了”，其他选项均表示推测。 【考例l】(2002上海)How I wish every family 7. The most important thing to keep in mind when ____ a large house with a beautiful garden! dealing with an emergency is to stay calm. A. has B. had
处理紧急情况时要记住的最重要的事就是保持冷 C. will have D. had had
静。
[考查目标] 本题考查wish后接宾语从句的用法。 句型中两个不定式to keep，to stay分别作定语和表 [答案与解析]B wish后接宾语从句表示现在的祝愿
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时，从句的谓语用be和were (was)，实义动词用过去 式。
【考点2】It is safe to be friends with people who are living with HIV. 与感染了艾滋病毒的人交朋友是安全的。 Cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time, making it difficult for the body to function properly. 细胞分裂要 么过快，要么在不恰当的时间分裂。使身体机能难以正 常运转。
这两句中。要注意it：第一句作形式主语．作引导词用．句型结构为：It is + adj / n (+ for / of sb) to do sth或 lt is + adj./ n + 从句；第二句作形式宾语用。例如： It's hard to translate this sentence into English. 把这个 句子翻译成英语很难。
It requires patience to teach children. 教小孩子需要耐 心。
We find it hard to deal with him. 我们觉得跟他打交道 很难。
【考例2】Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he [考查目标] 本题考查 it 作形式主语的用法。 [答案与解析]C 本题中，it作形式主语, 指代后面出 现的动词不定式to complete the design before National Day。而选项A中的this、选项B中的that都是指 示代词。选项D中的he是人称代词，都不能充当形式 主语。
【考点3】Many hospitals recommend that we use letters DR ABC to remember what to do when we have to think fast. 许多医院建议我们，在危急时刻采用DR ABC来
记住我们要做的事情。
项A所迷惑。
本句中，recommend后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词 【考点4】We should never try to revive a person unless we 要用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原形，其中。should可 know how to do it. 除非懂得如何使人恢复知觉，否则 省略。这种用法的动词还有：suggest，insist，advise， 不要轻举妄动。
order，demand，request，propose等。例如： 本句中，unless意为“if...not”，引导条件状语从句，表示 The committee has recommended that the training pro— “如果不……就……，除非……”。例如：
gramme be improved. 委员会已经建议过培训项目得改 You will fall behind unless you work harder. 你如果不 进。
努力，就会掉队。
I suggest (that) they (should) not drive too fast. 我建 You'll catch cold unless you put on more clothes. 你会 议他们不要开得太快了。
感冒的，除非你多穿点衣服。
【考例3】(1994上海) Jane's pale face suggested that 【考例4】(NMET 2004) ____ you call me to say she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she you're not coming, I'll see you at the theater. ____ a medical examination． A. Though B. Whether A. be; should have B. was; have C. Until D. Unless
C. should be; had D. was; has [考查目标] 本题考查unless引导条件状语从句的用 [考查目标] 本题考查 suggest 的用法。
法。
[答案与解析]B suggest是个常用动词，中学里学过 [答案与解析]D 选项A中的though表示“虽然”；选 两种含义。一是“to put forward (as a plan, thought)” 项C中whether表示“是否”，引导名词性从句；选项B (建议；提出)，后面跟的宾语从句的谓语一般由should 中的until表示“直到”；只有选项D中的unless表示条 加动词原形构成，或直接用动词原形；二是"to give an 件，符合句意“我将在剧院等你，除非你打电话说不来 impression of" (表明；使人认为)，后面的谓语动词不用 了”。 虚拟语气形式。此题中，编者有意将suggest的两种意 [牛刀小试3]
思放在一个句子里，考生只有在理解两个suggest不同 1. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will 含义的基础上，才能正确选择从句中动词的用法。原 need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET 句的意思是：珍妮苍白的脸色说明她病了，她的父母让 2001 )
她去查查身体。第一个suggest的意思是“表明、说 A. they B. it 明”，第二个suggest才有“建议、提出”的含义，所以第 C. one D. which 二个suggest后面的从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气结构。 2. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths 如果不理解句子的意思，只从形式去判断，很容易被选 full. (NMET 1998)
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A. it B. that C. these D. them
3. Parents should take seriously their children's requests for sunglasses ____ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. (2004 上海) A. because B. through C. unless D. if 4. ____ be sent to work there? (2002 上海) A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should 5. In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海) A. this B. that C. there D. it
6. The men will have to wait all day ____ the doc- tor works faster. (NMET 2002) A. if B. unless C. whether D. that 【交际速成】
【考点1】如何用英语表达祈使语气 (NMET 1999)
-- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? -- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you
[答案与解析]B 这道题考查的是祈使句的反意疑问 句。Sit down, will you? You drive the car, will you?
这类语句俯拾即是。故只有B项正确。
心”，那么应答者应替对方感到高兴。故只有D项正 【归纳】祈使句的主语是you(听话人)．通常不说出．用 确。
以表示请求或命令等。祈使句的谓语动词一律用动词 【归纳】常见的对喜悦或不幸的应答用语还有： 原形。在英语中用来表达祈使语气常见的方式有： ①I'm sorry to hear that． ①肯定结构，例如： ②Really? Be careful!小心!
③I wish…
②否定结构，形式为don't…，例如： ④lf we／they were to…we／they could… Don't be late!不要迟到!
⑤Is that so?例如：
一Mother，I'm going out for a play．妈妈。我要出去 -- My mother has caught a bad cold. 我妈妈得了重感 玩。
冒。
一Don't be long!别玩太久。 -- I'm sorry to hear that. 真遗憾。
③用let结构，例如：
【考点3】怎样用英语表达建议或征求对方意见 1．et's starfwork at once．我们马上开始：J：作吧。 (2002北京春招) ④有主语的结构．例如：
-- I've got your invitation. You clean the blackboard．你去擦黑板。 -- Oh, good. ____.
⑤加强语气的结构，例如： A. Can you come? B. Thanks a lot. Do come，please!请务必来!
C. I'll take it. D. May I help you? 【考点2】怎样用英语表达喜悦或不幸的应答 [答案与解析]A 此题考查交际语言中表达建议或征 (NMET 1999)
求对方意见的具体运用。A项表示“你能来吗?”，这是 -- I had a really good weekend at my uncle's. -- ____. 征求对方意见；B项表示“感谢”。但是没有表示邀请；C A．Oh, that's very nice of you 项则表示“我买了”。与上文不符；D项表示“有什么要 B．Congratulations 我做的吗?”。故只有A项正确。
C．It's a pleasure
【归纳】交际语言中表达建议或征求对方意见时．常见 D．Oh, I'm glad to hear that
的方式有：
[答案与解析]D这道题考查的是对喜悦的应答用语。 ① 用Shall开头的一般疑问句。其肯定回答一般可用： A项表示对别人的夸奖和赞美，英美人士一般以致谢 All right()K；Good idea等。
表达礼貌和自信，或对别人提供帮助表示感谢；B项表 ② 用Let's...?表示“让我们(包括双方在内)做某事”。 示对别人的成功表示祝贺；C项则表示愿意为你效劳。 例如：
根据上下文可知。对方是说“周末在叔叔家过得很开 Let's go and see the pandas.
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③ 用 Why not...?后接不带to的不定式(即动词原 形)，是省略形式。完整句为Why don't you / they / we…? 意思是“为什么不……?”例如： Why don't you try again?：Why not try again? ④ 用What about...? 意为“……怎么样?”后可接名词， 代词和动名词。例如：
I'm going to the park. What about you?
⑤ 用had better意为“最好”，“还是……好”，常用于口 语，后接动词原形。例如： You had better stay at home.
⑥ 用祈使句的“否定形式Don't...”。例如： Don't play in the street．
⑦ Would you like + 短语?“……怎么样?”后接sth或 to do sth，例如：
Would you like another cup of tea?
⑧ Will you please + 动词原形?“请你……好吗?”例如： Will you please come tomorrow? [牛刀小试4]
1. -- Never go out at night, child. -- ____.
A. You don't know about it B. I'm so foolish as that C. Yes, 1 will do D. I won't
2. -- Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomor- row.
-- ____. (NMET 1994)
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
3. -- I'm sorry. I broke your mirror. C. in order D. as if
-- Oh, really? ____. (NMET 1996)
【解析】选A in case引导句子或单独使用，上面句 A. It's OK with me B. It doesn't matter 子中in case I have to wait “以防我去等”，使上下文逻辑通 C. Don't be sorry D. I don't care 顺。
4. -- Peter was killed in a car accident!
( )4. -- I'm afraid Mr. Wood can't see you until 4 -- ____ I talked with him yesterday morning. o'clock.
A. What a pity! B. I beg your pardon. -- Oh, ____ I won't wait. (2005 浙江) C. Sorry to hear that. D. Is that so? A. no doubt B. after all ☆精典题例☆
C. in that case D. in this way
( ) 1. -- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. 【解析】选C in this / that case (要是这样／那样的 -- Thanks. You ____ it. I could managed it 话)。
myself. (2005 福建)
( )5. He ____ have completed his work; otherwise, A. needn't do B. needn't have done he wouldn't be enjoying hirnself by the seaside. C. mustn't do D. shouldn't have done
(2005北京)
【解析】选D “情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过 A. should B. must 去某一事实的假设或推测，根据上下文可以得知凯瑟琳自 C. wouldn't D. can't
己可以做，所以对方“本不必做”。
【解析】选A 根据下文“否则他在海边没法玩得痛 ( ) 2. Mum is coming. What present ____ for your 快。”可以推出上一句“他本应该要完成他的工作。”should birthday? (2005 福建) have done表示后悔或责备，意为“本应该做了(但事实上 A. you expect she has got 没做)”。
B. you expect has she got ( )6. I ____ have been more than six years old when C. do you expect she has got the aecident happened. (2005 天津) D. do you expect has she got
A. shouldn't B. couldn't 【解析】选C do you expect 通常被看作插入语，而不 C. mustn't D. needn't
写成Do you expect what she has got，所以后面的宾语从句 【解析】选B“情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对过 仍用陈述语序。
去某一事实的假设或推测。尤其用来表示否定的推测则 ( )3. I always take something to read when I go to the 用"can't / couldn't have done"。本句译为：当事故发生时 doctor's ____ I have to wait. (2005 全国II) 我不可能大于六岁。
A. in case B. SO that
( )7. -- Do you know where David is? I couldn't find
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him anywhere.
-- Well. He ____ have gone far — his coat's still here. (2005湖北) A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. woldldn't
【解析】选c同第6题，表示否定的推测。 ( )8. If I ____ plane to do anything I wanted to, I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005湖北) A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
【解析】选B 本题考查if引导的虚拟语气结构。从 I'd like to go...判断，本句为与现在事实相反，故选B。 ( )9. -- Don't you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York?
-- I agree, but the problem is ____ he has refused to. (2005 江苏) A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
【解析】选B 本题既考查了虚拟语气的用法，又考 查了表语从句的用法。由necessary引导的主语从句或宾 语从句，需要用shouId do，而他是要“被派往”迈阿密，所以第一空用(should)not be sent，而第二空在be动词之后需 要用一个表语从句，由于句子结构完整，所以用that。 ( )10. -- How do you ____ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
-- I think we'd better fly there. It's much more
comfortable. (2004福建) 2. absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地 A. insist B. want 3. press vt. & vi. 按，压，逼迫 C. suppose D. suggest
4. teenager n. (13--19岁的)青少年 【解析】选A 本题考查insist表示“坚持”时所带的 5. throughout prep. 遍及，贯穿 宾语从句用虚拟，即：insist that sb. (should) do sth. 所以 6. add vt. 增加，添加，补充说 本题选A。
7. 1atest adj. 最近的，最新的
8. calendar n. 日历
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难
9. appointment n. 约会，指定 10. behaviour n. 行为，举止 点解析Unit9-10
11. obey v. 服从
12. emergency n. 紧急情况 ☆重点句型☆
13. dial vt. 拨号
14. unexpected adj. 想不到的 anyone from anywhere. it 作形式宾语的用法 15. particular adj. 特别的，个别的 dare 的用法
16. succeed v. 成功
3. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch 17. force n. & vt. 力量，强制 18. wonder n. 奇迹
doing.
19. defeat vt. & n. 击败，失败 no matter + 疑问词引导的让步状语从句
20. department n. 部，局，系 4. The cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do. 21. interview vt. & n. 接见，会见 whatever 引导的名词从句
22. environmental adj. 环境的 5. We human all plants and 23. common adj. 共同的，普遍的 animals around us. 表双重否定
24. valuable adj. 有价值的 25. reduce vt. 减少 before 的译法
7. Steve Jones tries to animals and plants becom- ing 26. respond vi. 回答，响应 endangered. 表示“阻止某人做某事” 27. material n. 材料，原料 ☆重点词汇☆
28. attractive adj. 吸引人的 1. agreement n. 一致，协定
29. organize vt. & vi. 组织
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30. amount n. 数量 ☆重点短语☆
1. keep / stay in touch with 与……保持联络 2. call for 要求，需要 3. in case of 假设，万一
4. according to 根据，据……所说 5. take over 接收，接管 6. break down 毁掉，坏掉 7. in danger 在危险中 8. die out 灭绝，逐渐消失 9. as a result of 作为(……的)结果 10. lead to 导致某种结果 11. take measures 采取措施 12. adapt to 适应
13. make a difference 有关系，有影响 14. devote...to 献身于……，专心于…… 15. at present 现在，目前 16. set free 释放
17. in the wild 在自然环境下 18. throw away 扔掉
19. on the go 忙个不停，四处奔走 20. remind...of... 使人想起…… 21. dream of 梦想 22. come up with 提出 23. first of all 首先 24. make money 赚钱 25. depend on 依靠 ☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在
横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才能过关，你一7. Why can't we drink the water in our rivers and lakes? Because 定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧? the water is polluted.
1. stay in ____ with 与……保持联络 8. Cars and factories cause air pollution. As a result of air 2. call ____ 要求，需要 pollution, many people get sick.
3. ____ case(of) 假设；万一
9. People get sick because of air pollution. It follows that we must 4. according ____ 按照；根据……所说 do something about it. 5. take ____ 接收；接管 ☆单词聚焦☆
6. break ____ 毁掉，坏掉；中止 1. adapt vt. 使适应；使配合
7. ____ danger 在危险中；垂危 (1) adapt + n. + to + n. 使……适应，使……适合
8. die ____ 灭绝；逐渐消失
He could not adapt his way of life to the school. 他的生活方式9. ____ a result of作为(……的)结果；由于 无法适应学校的要求。
10. lead ____ 导致某种结果 (2) adapt (oneself) to 适应……She quickly adapted to new 11. ____ measures 采取措施 circumstances. 她能够很快地适应新环境。/ I suggested he 12. adapt ____ 适应(新环境等) should adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应该调整13. make a ____ 有关系；有影响 自己，以适应新的环境。
14. devote ____ 献身于……；专心于…… 2. add vt. & vi. 增加，加入，补充说
15. present ____ 现在；目前 If the tea is too strong, add some more water. 如果茶太浓，再16. ____ free 释放
加些水。/ Many words have been added to this edition of the 17. ____ the wild 在自然环境下 dictionary。这一版字典增加了很多词。/ The bad weather only 18. throw ____ 扔掉；浪费
added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气只会增添我们的困难。/ 19. ____ the go 忙个不停；四处奔走；跑来跑去 "And I hope you will realize it one day." he added. 他接着说：“我20. turn...inside ____ 把……翻过来 希耀你总有一天会明白这一点。” / I should like to add that we ☆交际用语☆
are pleased with the result. 我想补充一句，我们对这个成果感到1. I can't agree with you on this point. 高兴。 2. That's the point. [短语]
3. Well, it depends.
add...to... 在……中加上…… add to 增加，增添 4. Does anyone share David's opinion? add up 加起来 add up to 总计，总共有……
5. I absolutely agree. Your carelessness added to our difficulty. 你的粗心增加了我6. That's how I see it.
们的困难。/ The money he spent added up to no more than
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￡1,000. 他花的钱总计1000英镑。 3. add 的用法 ▲ 构词：
① addition n. 加，加起来，增加物，增加，加法 ② additional adj. 外加的，附加的，另加的 ▲ 搭配：
① add sth in 算人；包括
② add A to B 把A加到B上，往A里添加B ③ add to 增加，加到 ④ in addition 加上，又，另外 ⑤ in addition to 加上，除……外，又 ⑥ add sth up 把……加起来，总计
⑦ add up (to…)总计共达；表示，等于说。意味着；总而言之 【考例】The president talked with the official for a long time, ____ that he still trusted him.
A. added B. adding C. adding up D. adding up to [考查目标] 本题考查add及其构成短语的意思。
[答案与解析]B adding的意思是“补充(说)”。add up to意思是“加起来等于”。
4. amount n. 量，常与不可数名词连用 “the amount of + 不可数名词”表示“……的量”。 [提醒]
“a large amount of + 不可数名词”后跟单数谓语 “large amounts of + 不可数名词”后跟复数谓语
There is a large amount of / are large amounts of coal to be sent there. 大量的煤要运往那儿。
[比较] number 也意为“量”，但它指可数的事物的“数目，数量”。the number of ……的数目 / numbers of / a number of 大量的 后跟复数名词
5. case的用法 Humphries and become Champion of England. 直到1790年第三▲ 搭配： 次比赛时，他才最后打败汉弗莱斯，而成为英国的冠军。 ① as is often the case 这是常有的事 conquer 更可强调“把对方征服”，而且被征服者或被征服的② as the case stands 在目前的情况下，就现有的情况而论 国家为征服者所有，可以任意支配，特别指“获得
③ in this / that case 如果是这样／那样的话 对人、物或感情的控制。例如：Some countries may be defeated ④ in any case 无论如何，总之 but can never be conquered. 有的国家可能被打败，但决不能被⑤ in case (that)-clause 假使。如果，万一 征服。
⑥ in case of 万一……，如果发生…… 【考例】-- Who ____ the team from No. 2 Middle school? -- ⑦ (just)in case 以防(万一) I'm not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.
⑧ in most cases 在大多数情况下 A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained
【考例】(2005广东)You'd better take something to read when you [考查目标]本题考查defeat的常见用法。
go to see the doctor ____ you have to wait. [答案与解析]A defeat 意思是“打败”，后面跟的是表示“人”
A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that 或“组织”的名词或代词。
[考查目标]考查 case 构成的短语的用法。 7. depend 的用法
[答案与解析]C 句意：“当你去看医生的时候最好带点东西读▲ 搭配：
以防等待”。in case 意为“万一”；even if意为“即使”；as if，意① That depends. 要看情况而定。
为“好像”；in order that 意为“为了……”。就高考而言，除了 in ② It (all) depends. 要看情况而定。
case 之外，意为“以防万一”的引导词还应掌握-，for fear that 和③ depend on / upon 依靠；由……而定．取决于；从属于；lest。 依赖其维持
6. defeat 的用法 【考例】[2004江苏]
▲ 构词：defeatist n. 失败主义者 -- How long are you staying? -- I don't know. ____.
▲ 搭配：suffer a defeat战败；遭受挫败 A. That's OK B. Never mind
▲ 辨析：defeat；beat；conquer 这组动词的一般含义是“打C. It depends D. It doesn't matter
败”。 [考查目标]考查depend在交际场合的用法。
defeat 的含义是“打败”，但被打败者不一定服输。例如：The [答案与解析]C it depends 意思是“看情况。不能确
public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. 公众定”。
为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。 8. devote vt. 投入于；献身
beat则表示彻底“打败”，而且被打败者完全服输了。 devoted 忠实的；献身……的；专用的
例如：It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat devote one's time / life / energy / oneself to (doing) sth. 致力本资料由轻松学（ ）收集整理 欢迎投稿
于……；献身于…… = be devoted to...致力于……；献身于……；忠实于…… After that, he devoted his entire energy to these studies. 从那以后，他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。/ He is very devoted to his wife. 他很忠实于他的妻子。 9. devote 的用法 ▲ 构词： ① devotion n. 献身；奉献；忠诚；热心，专心 ② devoted adj. 忠诚的；挚爱的；喜欢的 ③ devotedly adv. 忠实地，一心一意地 ▲搭配： ① devote...to 把……献给；把……专用于 ② devote oneself to 致力于，献身于；专心于 ③ be devoted to 专心于，忠于 ▲ 友情提示：各搭配中to均为介词。 【考例】[2004全国卷IV] First of all, I respected his ____ to teaching. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion [考查目标] 本题考查 devote 派生词的词义和用法。 [答案与解析]D devote的名词形式是devotion，也应 该和介词 to 搭配。 10. force n. [U][C]力量，势力，暴力 vt. 强迫，促使，强制 He didn't use much force. 他没怎么用力。/ They refused to bow before force. 他们拒绝向暴力低头。/ They have come to know the forces of nature. 他们终于知道了大自然的力量。 [注意]the forces 可表示“军队，兵力”。 [拓展] force sb. to do sth.；force sb. into doing sth.；force sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 I was forced to leave. 我被迫离开。(=
into leaving) / The strong man forced himself into the empty room. 12. lie的用法
那个身体强壮的男子强行进入了那个宅房间。 ▲构词：liar n. 说谎者 [短语]
▲搭配：
by force 靠武力，强行 be in force 生效 ① lie down 躺下；磨洋工；停止战斗 come / go into force 生效 put in / into force 使生效 ② lie in 在于；位于 force one's way 强行前进或进入 ③ tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎
11. hurry 的用法 【考例】[2002北京] I would ____ very still so that the "enemy" ▲ 构词：
would not discover me.
① hurried adj. 匆忙的
A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie
② hurriedly adv. 仓促地．慌忙地 [考查目标]本题考查lie，lay等几个相近词的区别。
▲ 搭配：
[答案与解析]D lie是动词原形，意思是“躺”或“撒谎”。在本① in a hurry 匆忙地
句中是“躺”的意思。 ② in no hurry 不忙，有充分的时间；不急于 13. measure 的用法 ③ no hurry 不忙．不必着急，有充裕的时间 ▲ 搭配：
④ hurry up 快点，赶紧做；催促(快点)
① make sth to sb's measure 按某人的尺寸制作某物 ▲ 辨析：hurry; haste; speed 均含“动作上的快速”的意思。 ② take measures 采取措施 ③ beyond / above measure 无hurry 指“动作不轻松、不自然的快，有时表示不必要的快”，法估量地；无限的，极度地，非常，极为
并且常有“忙乱仓促”的意思。例如：In her hurry she forgot to 【考例】[2004天津] I realized strength and courage aren't always leave her address. 在匆忙中，她忘了留下地址。
____ in medals and victories, but in the struggle we overcome. haste 着重“想办法赶快”的意思，并常表示“匆忙的动作。有A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased 时动作过分仓促而不能得到预期的结果”。例如：All his haste [考查目标] 本题考查measure的意思。
was of no use. 他白忙了。/ Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。 [答案与解析]A measure的基本词义是“衡量，量”。 speed 指“人(物)快捷(速)的动作”。例如：It is dangerous to 14. press vt. & vi. 按，压，夹 n. 压力，印刷机，新闻界 Press corner at speed. 高速转弯是危险的。
this button to start the engine. 按下这个按钮启动发动机。/ My 【考例】[2004湖南] When l there ____ I apologized for being late, shoes presses my toe. 我的鞋挤脚趾。/ The power of the press is and told him I'd come as quickly as I could,... very great. 舆论的力量是巨大的。
A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried [拓展] pressure n. 劳累，紧张；pressing adj. 紧迫的，恳切[考查目标] 考查几个与“走”有关的近义词的区别。 的
[答案与解析]D 从上下文看，当时，是”匆忙”的。 [短语] be pressed for time / money 缺时间／钱；press on 加
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紧赶路，奋力前进；in the press 正在印刷 15. reduce vt. & vi 减少，缩减，减化 reduce prices 降低价格
reduce air pollution 减少空气污染 reduce one's weight 减肥 reduce noise 减少噪音
[注意]reduce 作不及物动词时，仅作“减肥”讲。I must reduce to get into that dress. 我必须减肥才能穿上那条裙子。 [拓展]reduce...to 使……陷入不良状况；把……归纳成；把……降职为(to为介词) He was reduced to begging for food. 他沦落到讨饭的地步。
[短语] order 使……恢复秩序；整理 reduce...to silence使安静，使沉默下来
tears 使哭了起来
16. remind (1) vt. 提醒
① remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人某物；提醒某人注意某事Be sure to remind her of the meeting she has to attend. 务必提醒她要参加那次会议。
② remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Please remind me to post the letter. 请提醒我寄那封信。
③ remind sb. that-clause 提醒某人…… She reminded me that I hadn't written to mother. 她提醒了我，我还没给妈妈写信。 (2) vt. 使(人)想起，使记起
① remind sb. of sb. / sth. 使……想到某人或某物 He reminds me of his father. 看到他使我想起他的父亲。
② remind sb. that-clause 使人回忆起…… The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看到钟使我想起我已经晚了。 【考例】[2000上海春招]what you said just now ____ me of that
American professor.
(lie, remind, case, depend, add, measure, hurry)
A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized 1. The Smiths said they would take ____ to repair the windows by [考查目标] remind基本用法。
themselves.
[答案与解析]C remind表示“提醒；让……想起”。 2. There's plenty of time left; No ____.
17. wonder v. 惊奇，惊叹，对……感到惊奇，想知道 3. The policemen rushed into the bedroom, only to find the couple [C] 奇迹，奇观奇事I wondered that he couldn't answer such an ____ on the bed, dead.
easy question. 他竟然回答不出这样简单的问题，真让我感到奇4. -- Would you like to go swimming with Jack and Jim? 怪。/ I don't wonder at her refusing to marry him. 她拒绝嫁给他， -- That ____.
对此我一点也不奇怪。/ It is really a wonder that he can recover 5. The heavy storm ____to our trouble in the long marching, from the SARS. 他能从非典型性肺炎中康复真是一个奇迹。 besides we were too tired.
▲ 构词：wonderful adj. 令人惊奇的．奇妙的，极好的，令6. When I couldn't remember the exact words, my brother ____ 人愉快的 me of them.
▲ 搭配：
7. I know there's no need to take so much money with me, but still ① what a wonder! 多么令人惊异!真想不到! I want to bring some in ____. ② It is a wonder that... 奇怪的是……
☆短语归类☆ ③ (It's) no / little / small wonder (that…) 难怪…，…并不奇1. 含 as 的短语 怪It's no wonder that you are so happy. 难怪你这么高兴。 ① as usual 像平常一样 ④ do / perform / work wonders 创造奇迹，取得惊人成就 ② as if / as though 好像 【考例】(2005湖北) He hasn't slept at all for three days. ____ he ③ as long as 长达……；只要
is tired out.
④ as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快 A. There is no point B. There is no need ⑤ as well 也，又，同样地 C. It is no wonder D. It is no way ⑥ as often as 每次．每当
[考查目标] 考查 wonder 的词义。
⑦ as a / the result of 作为……的结果 [答案与解析]C “他已经三天没有睡觉了，现在筋疲力尽也不⑧ as well as 也，还，和……一样好 足为奇。”根据句意，答案选C。 no wonder 表示“不足为奇的”；⑨ as soon as 一……就……．和……一样快 no point 表示“没有意义”；no need表示“没有……的必要”；no ⑩ as far as 和……一样远，就……，尽…… way 表示“决不”。 ? may / might as well 不妨 [牛刀小试1]
? as a result 结果，因此
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
[例句] As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked
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around. 她仿佛茫然不知身在何处，犹犹豫豫向
四周张望。/ As long as it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go fishing. 只要明天不下雨，我们就去钓鱼。/ The flight was delayed as the result of fog. 因为有雾该 航班误点。/ She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是摄影师还是个天才音乐家。/ His parents supported him as far as they could. 他父母竭尽全力抚养他。/ As often as I tried to phone him, the line was engaged. 每次我给他打电话都占线。
【考例】(2003北京) ____ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While [考查目标]此题主要考查四个单词或短语的意思及用法。 [答案与解析]C even though / if 即使；unless 如果 不；as long as 只要；while 当……时候。本句话意思是 “只有我知道这些钱是安全的，我就不担心了”。
【考例】(2005湖南) The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ____ I did. A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。
[答案与解析] A A项as much as (和……一样多)符合题意：“我越想他就越发现有更多的理由让我像从前一样地爱他。” 2. at present 目前；presently 副词，相当于soon，意思是“不久”；for the present 眼下，暂时 (= for the moment)。At present, he is on holiday. 目前，他在度假。 / I will finish the work presently. 我就要完成这个工作。/ He is busy writing a book for the present. 他眼下正忙于写书。
另外，be present at 到场，出席，反义词 be absent from 缺席；present 还作后置定语，意思是“到场的，在座 的”；present
用作名词“礼物，赠品”。All but one were present at the meeting ⑨ in trouble 处于困境 last night. 除了一人外，大家都出席了昨天晚上的会议。Present ⑩ in time 及时，总有一天 at the meeting were the leading members of the departments ? in a hurry 匆忙地 concerned. 有关部门的负责人出席了会议。 ? in front of 在……前面 11. come up with 提出，找到(答案)；赶上 ?in the open air 在户外，在野外 He came up with a new suggestion. ? in front 前方，正对面 他提出一项新建议。
? in the future 将来 Let's go slowly so that the others may come up with ? in the end 最后 咱们慢慢走，好让其他人赶上来。 ? in the day 在白天 [注意]come up 意为“被提出”，主语是物。 ? in danger 在危险中，垂危 Some practical suggestions came up at the meeting. ? in the wild 在自然环境中 会上提出了一些可行性建议。
? in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏 3. die out绝种，灭种 Elephants would die out soon if men were ? in a word 总之
allowed to shoot as many as they wish.如果允许人们随心所欲地[例句] No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did win the prize. 没射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。
有人相信，但的确玛丽获奖了。/ Do you think we can get there in [拓展] die out 还可表示“熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失”。time for the first act? 你认为我们能赶上看第一幕吗? / When he Many old customs are dying out. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。 was in trouble, he always turned to me for help. 他有困难时。总 [链接] die off 一个个死掉 (或枯死) / die away 渐消；平息 / 是向我求助。/ In common with many people, he prefers classical die down 平息；变弱 / die for 急切想要 / die from 因……致music to pop. 和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐胜过流行音乐。死，死于(外因) / die of 死于(内因) / If you keep on doing so, you will regret in time. 如果你总是这4. 含“in + 名词”构成的短语 样做，总有一天你会后悔的。/ In general, her work has been good, ① in fact 事实上
but his essay is dreadful. 总的说来，她的作品不错，不过他的② in case (of) 假使，以防，万一 文章糟透了。/ The whole meal was good but the wine in ③ in surprise 惊讶地，惊奇地，吃惊地 particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。/ In ④ in general 一般，大体上 case he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait. 万一他⑤ in total 总共 在我回来前到达，请让他等我。
⑥ in all 总共 【考例】(NMET 2000) I don't think I'll need any money but I will ⑦ in future 从今以后 bring some ____.
⑧ in particular 尤其，特别是
A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time
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[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。
[答案与解析]B at last 终于，最后；once again 再次；in time 及时，总有一天；in case 万一。本句话意思是“我认为我们不需要钱，但是为预防万一，我还是要带点”。
5. in case of 是介词短语，意为“在(有坏事的)情况下”， “万一发生……”。① In case of fire, phone the police.万一发生火灾，就给警察打电话。② The match will be put off in case of rain. 万一下雨，比赛就延期。
[拓展] in case单独使用时，可用作状语，也可引起从 句，意为“以免，以防”。 ③ Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting. 坐出租车吧，以防开会迟到。 ④ I'll keep some of these unused in case. 这些不用的东西我要留一些，以防万一。 [注意]in case 引起的从句表示条件，所以从句中不用将来时态，但可用should，might。⑤ Take your raincoat in case it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。
[相关短语] in no case 决不(置于句首，句子用倒装) / in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 / in that case 如果那样 ⑥ In no case should you give up. 你绝不应该放弃。/ ⑦ In any case, do it better. 无论如何，要尽力而为。/ ⑧ In that case he would have telephoned the restaurant. 那样的话他本来会给餐馆打电话的。 [提示]case可表达多种意义：⑨ That isn't the case with Peter. 彼得的情况并不如此。(情况，情形) ⑩ The worst cases have been sent to hospital.情况最严重的患者已被送往医院。(患者，病人) ? The case will be tried in the court next week. 下周要审这个案子。(案情，案例) 6. in danger在危险中
[短语]in danger of有……的危险 out of danger 脱离危险 full of danger 充满危险的
a danger to society 社会的危险人物／事物 (2) measure 既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，意 [拓展]dangerous 危险的，指给别人造成危险
思是“量，测量”。 My mother is measuring me for clothes. 我妈 The boy is seriously iIl and his life is in danger.那个男孩病得妈在给我量尺寸做衣服。/ It measures easily if spread on the 很重，生命垂危。He has been very ill. The doctor says that he is table. 要是把它铺在桌子上，量起来可更容易些。
now out of danger.他一直病得很厉害，医生说他现在已脱离了 [注意]表示“采取措施做某事”还可以用do something / 危险。
things to do something。We must do something to prevent SARS. 7. make a difference 造成差别，有影响
我们必须采取措施预防非典型性肺炎。/Have you done anything make a big difference = make much difference 造成很大差别 to deal with that problem? 你采取措施解决那个问题了吗? make no / little difference 没有差别 10. 含介词 to 的短语 make some / any difference 有些差别
(1) according to 根据……所说 Who will win makes no difference to me.谁将获胜对于我来说(2) adapt to 适应
没什么两样。= It makes no difference to me who will win. / Does (3) come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉 it make any difference whether he will come? 他来不来会有差(4) devote...to 献身于……，专心于…… 别吗?
(5) get to 到达
8. stay in touch with = keep in touch with 与……保持联系(状(6) give birth to 生(孩子) 态) The salesman stays / keeps in touch with the office by phone. (7) lead to 通向，导致 推销员通过电话与办公室保持联系。
(8) listen to 听
[短语]be in touch with 和…有联系(状态)；get in touch with (9) make one's way to... 往……走 和…取得联系(动作) ；lose touch with 和…失去联系(动作)；(10) make a contribution to 贡献给，捐赠 be out of touch with 和…失去联系(状态) (11) on one's way to 在……途中 9. take measures
(12) owe...to...把……归功于…… (1) measure ① 名词“措施，办法”，take measures to do (13) point to 指向……
something 采取措施做某事；②名词“最度，尺寸” make clothes (14) prefer...to... 喜欢……胜似……；宁愿干……而不愿 to one's own measure 根据某人的尺寸做衣服；名词“计量单 千……
位”。We must take necessary measures to solve these problems (15) to one's surprise 令(某人)惊讶 one by one.我们必须采取必要的措施逐个解决这些问题。/ I (16) say goodbye to 告别，告辞 went to the tailor's to make a suit to my own measure last week. (17) thanks to 由于，多亏 上周我去裁缝店量体做一套衣服。/ A meter is a measure of (18) get down to 着手 length. 米是长度单位。
(19) belong to 属于
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(20) pay attention to 注意 (21) stick to 坚持 (22) object to 反对 (23) be opposed to 反对 (24) refer to 参阅，涉及
[例句]Everyone should make a contribution to a charity collection. 每个人都应该给慈善事业捐赠。/ At first I couldn't see anything when l stepped out of the room，but my eyes adapted to the dark bit by bit. 我刚走出房间时，起初什么也看不到，但是慢慢地我的眼睛适应了漆黑的环境。/ Thanks to the arrival of the police, the murderer was caught. 由于警察的赶到凶手才被捉住。/ We owe our great achievements to the correct leadership of the Party. 我们把取得的伟大成就归功于党的正确领导。/ After I graduated from university, l continued to devote myself to research. 我大学毕业后继续进行研究。/ Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. 劳动量大且休息得很少经常导致疾病。
【考例】(2004湖北) Once a decision has been made, all of us should ____ it.
A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to [考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的用法。
[答案与解析]B direct to 指引，指导；stick to 坚持；lead to 通向，导致；refer to 提到，谈到，参考。本句话意思是“一旦做出决定，就应该坚持”。
【考例】(2005浙江) The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes. A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思及用法。
[答案与解析]B refer to 意为“参照，提到”；bring up意为“抚(3) take 表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语养，养育”；look for 意为“寻找”；try on 意为“试穿”。题意“主也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费了……”。 It took me ten 席在商务会议上做了将近一小时的发言没有看稿。” minutes to go to the post office.到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。/
[牛刀小试2] The producer took two years to make the film. 制片商用了两年句子改错，每句仅一处错误。 时间拍这部新影片。
1. In generally, most teenagers now listen to rock music. However, [说明] take...to do sth. 句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间，而Jonah prefers classical music. spend...doing sth. 有时并不说明动作的完成。It took him an hour
2. I suppose Robert is fit the job in case he can put his mind to it. to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。/ He spent an hour
3. Eat too much fat can lead to heart disease and cause high blood (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说pressure. 明)
4. He has devoted his whole life to benefit mankind. (4) pay 的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可 以是
5. Tom's interests include basketball, bowling, and surfing the “人”、“钱”。He paid the taxi and hurried to the station. 他付了Web as good as studying his favorable subjects. 出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。We'll pay you in a few days. 几☆词语比较☆ 天后我们会给你钱。
1. spend, cost, take, pay, pay for (5) pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for 表示支付的原因。
(1) spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周其后用on+名词或用in(可省略) + 动名词形式，不接不定式。付给我十美元饭钱。
He spends much money on books. 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。 [注意]
/ He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car. 他花很多钱买一(1)下面两句中pay for的意义不同。Of course we have to pay 辆新车。 for what we buy.当然我们买东西得付钱。Don't worry about
(2) cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后money. I'll pay for you. 别担心钱，我会替你付的。
接life，money，health，time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。The book (2) pay the bill 付账；pay taxes 纳税；pay wages 发工资 cost him one dollar. 这本书用了他一美元。/ Making experiments 以上pay后不能加for
like this costs much time and labor. 做这样的实验要花很多时间2. agree with, agree to, agree on
和劳力。 (1) ① agree with 的意思是“同意”，“赞成”。后面常接表示
[注意]cost后不能与具体的时间长度连用，只能与表示抽象人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语。Does she agree with us? 概念的时间短语连用。如：some time, much time, ten years of 她同意我们的意见吗?
hard work 等。可说It cost him ten years of work. 不可说It cost ② agree with 还有“与……一致”，“(气候、食物等)适 合”him ten years to work. 的意思。His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。本资料由轻松学（ ）收集整理 欢迎投稿
Too much meat doesn't agree with her.吃太多肉食对她身体不合适。 [注意]agree with不能用于被动语态。 (2) agree to 意为“同意”，“赞成”，后面跟表示“提议”，“办法”，“计划”，“安排”等的名词或代词。Please agree to this arrangement.请同意这个安排。 (3) agree on 表示“对……取得一致意见”，指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或是达成了某种协议。After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议。 3. common, ordinary, usual, normal (1) ① common“常见的，普遍的”(即“司空见惯的”意思) common names 常见的名字；common mistakes 常犯的错误；common sense 常识；common event 普通(平凡)的事件；common use 普遍用法 ② common 还有“共同的”意思。common interest 共同的兴趣；common language 共同语言；common market共同市场；common purpose 共同目标 [短语]have much / a lot in common 有很多共同之处have nothing / little in common 没有共同之处 (2) ordinary 普通的，平凡的(强调“平淡无奇”) an ordinary worker 一个普通工人；ordinary-looking 相貌平常的 (3) usual 通常的，惯常的(强调“遵循常例”) It is a usual thing with him. 这件事他习以为常。 [短语]as usual像往常一样；it is usual for sb. to do sth. (4) normal 正常的，正规的 (即“合乎标准”) normal temperature 正常体温；normal state 正常状态 [短语]above / below normal 标准以上(以下)，return to normal 恢复正常
4. in away, in the way, by the way, by way of We must work hard, and above all we must believe
(1) in a way 意为“在某种程度上”，相当于in one that each of us is able to do something well.
way, in some way。 我们必须努力工作，尤其重要的是我们必须相信，我 The reforms are an improvement in a way. 们每个人都能做好一些事情。
这些变革从某种意义上说是一种进步。 (3) first“首先”，是从动作的先后角度来考虑的。
(2) in the way 挡路 Beforewe go， I must first change my clothes.
A big stone is in the way. Move it away, please. 在走之前我得先换衣服。
一块大石头挡在路上，请把它搬开。 (4) at first“起初”，相当于at the beginning，含有后来
(3) by the way 顺便问一下，在途中 不这样了的意思。
They stopped for a rest by the way. At first I didn't like her, but now I do.
他们途中停下来休息一下。 起初我不喜欢她，但现在我喜欢了。
By the way, could you show me the way to the 6. hurt，harm，wound，injure
station? (I)hurt “伤害，受伤”，主要用于有生命的东西，多指 顺便问一下，你能指给我去车站的路吗? 肉体方面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时常指对精
(4) by way of 途经，路经(某处)；作为，当作 神或感情方碰的伤害。hurt作不及物动词时表示 He is travelling to Shenzhen by way of Beijng. “疼痛”。
他经北京去深圳。 He fell off the bike and hurt his arm.
Let's go to the restaurant for supper by way of a 他从自行车上跌下来伤了手臂。
change. (2) harm “损害，伤害”，指使有生命或无生命的东西 我们今天去饭店吃晚饭，换一下rJ味。 不再完整、美丽，或像原来那样有价值。
5. first of all，above all，first，at first She's afraid that in their fight he would harm the
(1)first of all“首先，第一”，指按照时问顺序处于第 child.
一位的。(强调顺序) 她怕他们在打架时他会伤到孩子。
First of all, we must check the number． (3) wound “受害，受伤”，指受袭击或暴力时所受的 首先，我们要核对一下数目。 伤，如刀伤，枪伤，也可以借喻为精神或感情上的创 First of all, let me say how glad I am to be here. 伤。
首先我要说，米到这里我是多么高兴。， The bullet wounded him in the leg.
(2) above all“首先，最重要的足”，相当于most 子弹打伤了他的腿。
important of all。(强调重要性) He felt wounded in his honor.
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他觉得他的荣誉受到了伤害。 (4) injure2伤害，损害”，意义较广，着承指偶然事故 对人或物的容貌、内部器官、生理机能的“损害”。 John fell down from the tree and injured his back. 约翰从树上摔下来把背部摔伤lr。 I hope I didn’t injure her feelings. 我希望没有伤害她的感情。 【句型归纳】 【考点1】Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who live life "on the go" and use cellphones. 跟许多中国青少 年一样，王梅使用手机享受着“移动人生”。 例如：This is one of the exciting matches that I have ev— er seen. 注意： “one of+名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用复数； “the (only / very) one of + the + 名词复数”作主语，谓 语动词用单数。 【考例1】(2002上海) He is the only one of the students who ____ a wumer of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been [考查目标] 主谓一致。 [答案与解析]D 根据以上解释，排除B、C两项；根据 for three years，排除A项。 【考点2】Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency. 有了 手机，我们会感到更安全，因为遇到紧急情况，我们可 以随时求救。 该句中in case引导状语从句。例如： Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以
防下雨。 A. however 15. no matter in case 表示“一旦；万一；以防”，后接从句；in case of后 C. although D. whatever
接名词；而 in case 后接从句，该句在特定的语境中可以 [考查目标]让步状语从句的连接词。
省略。例如： [答案与解析]A 根据句子意思“不管你有多少工作要 Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带上雨伞， 做。也得好好睡一晚上觉”。
以防下雨。 【考点4】...and do everything Q12 tells them to. 惟Q12
【考例2】(2000京、皖春招)John may phone tonight, I 的命令是从。
don't want to go out ____ he phones. 该句中to为动词不定式省略。例如：
A. as long as B. in order that Her parents hoped she would study chemistry, but she
C. in case D. so that didn't want to.
[考查目标] 状语从句的连接词。 动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语，如果是第二次出现，
[答案与解析]C B项引导状语从句，表示目的；D项 为了避免重复使用．常常省略动词，保留to。例如： 引导状语从句。可以表示目的也可以表示结果；A项引 -- Would you love to see the filnl with me tonight? 导状语从句，意思是“只要……就……”；C项in case表 -- I'd like to, but I have to do my homework.
示“以防，万一”与上下文吻合。 【考例4】(2000上海)
【考点3】The answer seems to be that we have a need to -- You should have thanked her before you left. stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we -- I meant ____, but when I was leaving I couldn't are or what we are doing. 答案似乎是：无论我们在何处 find her anywhere.
或正在干什么，我们都需要与朋友、家人一直保持联 A. to do B. to
系。 C. doing D. doing it
该句中的“no matter + 疑问词”引导让步状语从句。例如： [考查目标] 动词不定式省略。
No matter how clever you are。you must work hard． [答案与解析]B mean作为“打算”讲，后接动词不定 引导让步状语从句的"no matter + 疑问词”常常可以与 式，排除C、D两项；再依据以上解释，排除A项。 “疑问词 + ever"互换。课文中的句子可以换成“Wher— ☆句型诠释☆
ever we are or whatever we are doing.”例如： 1. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in Wherever he went, he received a warm welcome. 无论 touch with friends and family no matter where we are 他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。 or what we ale doing.
【考例3】(2004湖北) You should try to get a good 答案似乎是，无论我们身在何处或者正在做什么，我night's sleep ____ much work you have to do. 们都需要跟家人和朋友保持联系。
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no matter的用法 no matter是连词词组，作“无论，不管”解，常用于引 导表示让步的状语从句，常用于下列句型中： ① No matter whal (who, when, how, where 等)... + 句子。(= whatever, whoever, whenever... + 句子) No matter how proud he was, he was afraid to face me. 无沦他多么傲慢，他还是怕面对我。 No matter whether you have time or not, you must go there. 无沦是否有时间，你都得去那儿。 ② 在“no matter + 特殊疑问词”引导的让步状讲从句 中，要用一般式表示将来发生的动作。 No matter bow hard he works, he will never caleb up with her. 无论他如何努力工作，他从没赶上她。 ③ “No matter + 特殊疑问词”结构引导的从句，可以 放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。 Don't open the door, no matter who knocks it. (= No matter who knocks the door, don't open it) 不管是淮敲门，都小要开门。 No matter whose box it it, it will be kept until the owner returns. (= It will be kept until the owner returns, no matter whose box it is.) 无论是谁的箱子，都得保存到物主回米。 2. The cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do. 手机帮助她做她想要做的事。 (1) whatever 引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、 表语等。
Whatever he did was right. 巧妇难为无米之炊。
凡是他做的都是正确的。 There will be no rain without wind.
I'll send whatever is needed. 没有风哪有雨。
需要什么我就送什么。 4. We may be able to take measures before it is too late.
【比较】whatever 和 what 引导名词性从句的区别。 现在采取措施也许为时不晚。
whatever 相当于 anything that，语气很强，侧重泛指。 从属连词 before 最基本的含义足“在……之前”，但 what 相当于 all that，everything that, the thing(s) 在具体的句子中，译法多种多样，如“……才……” that, 侧重特指。 “……就……”“没等……就”等等。
What he said was right. He measured me before I could get in a word. 他说的话是正确的。 没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2) whatever 等于 no matter what 引导让步状语从 I waited a long time before he came.
句，意为“不管……”。 我等了很久他才来。
Whatever Wilson says, I'll post the letter. 5. Steve Jones tries to keep animals and plants from = No matter what Wilson savs, I'll post the letter. becoming endangered.
不管威尔逊说什么，我都要寄走那封信。 斯蒂夫·琼斯致力于保护动植物免遭濒危。
[链接] keep…from doing sth.“阻止……做某事”
however = no matter how 无论怎样 Please keeD the children from swimming in the sea. whenever = no matter when 无论何时 请别让孩子们到海里游泳。
whoever ① = no matter who 无论准 [联想] stop / prevent...from...为keep...from...
② 引导名词性从句，等于anyone who 的同义词组，但前者的from可以省去，而后者中的
3. We human beings could not survive without all the from却不可省(如若省去from，则成为keep sb. plants and animals around us. doing sth. “使某人一直做某事”)。
如果没有周围这些动物和植物，我们人类就不会生 Nothing can prevent her (from) doing so.
存下来。 什么也不能阻止她这样做。
句中，cannot…without足双重否定表示肯定。 [注意]在被动语态中。三个短语中的from皆不可 You cannot learn Chinese well without making great 以省去。
effort. [提醒] 若表示“阻止做某事”，sth. 作动词的宾语， 只有努力，你才能学好汉语。 则 from 后应跟动名词的被动语态，即“阻止某事被 One cannot make bricks without straw. 做”。
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Nothing can stop the plan from being earried out. 什么也不能阻止这项计划的实施。 [牛刀小试3] ． 1. -- You haven't lost the ticket, have you? -- _____. I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004 江苏) A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I'm afraid so 2. She is one of the new girls who ____ in the kin- dergarten. (1994 上海) A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well 3, You can eat food free in my restaurant ____ you like. (2004 重庆) A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. (NMET 1995) A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D, do not to 【交际速成】 【考点1】Expressing agreement and disagreement 同意与不同意 (2000北京春招) -- I beliece we've met somewhere before． -- No, ____. A. it isn't the same B. it can't be true C. I don't think so D. I'd rather not [答案与解析]C 本题主要考查同意与不同意的功能
用语。A、B、D三项均不合语境，C项是表示不同看法 [答案与解析]C 本题看似考查反意问句，实际上运用 的用语。
了询问某人是否同意的功能句式。这是一个否定转移 【归纳】表达同意与不同意的常见功能用语有： 句式。当句子主语为第一人称，谓语动词使用think， ① Sure / Certainly. believe，suppose，expect，imagine等时。反意疑问句部 ② Of course. 分的主语和谓语动词均与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持 ③ AIl right. 一致。
④ I agree. 【归纳】询问某人是否同意的常见用语有： ⑤ No problem. ① Don't you agree?
⑥ That's a good idea. ②(~)Don't you think she is a bright student? ⑦ Yes, I think so. ③(~)Don't you think so? ⑧ No way. (不可能) ④(~He's quite old, isn't he? ⑨ Of course not. ⑤~)Right? ⑩ I don't agree. ⑥~Yeah? ⑧ I don't think so. ⑦(~OK?
⑩ I'm afraid not. ⑧(8-)Do you agree with me?
另外还有： ⑨(9_)1 wonder if you would agree with argument? ① Absolutely.
【考点3】Talking about causes and effects谈论原因和结 ② That's exactly what I was thinking. 果
③ That's a good point. --How is it that you are late for school again? ④ That's just how I see it. A. By bus and then on foot ⑤ That's worth thinking about. B. Because I missed the bus ⑥ You can't be serious. C. It's quite all right ⑦ Well, it depends.
D. It's far from school
⑧ I would have to disagree with that. [答案与解析]B 本题主要考查表达原因和结果的用 ⑨ Well, I'm not so sure about that.
语。题干中How is it that... 意为“是什么使得(某事发 【考点2】Asking if somebody agree 询问某人是否同意 生的)?”．故A、C、D三项均不能用于回答所提问题，只(2001上海) I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, ____? 有B项符合语境。
A. dO I B. don't I 【归纳】表达原因和结果的用语有： C. will they D. won't they
① Why...?
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② Because of..., I... ③ As a result of... ④ Because / As / Since... ⑤ If..., then... ⑥ It follows that... ⑦ It will lead to... [牛刀小试4]
1. -- I'm sorry I can't go with you. -- ____? Haven't you agreed? A. How is it B. What is it C. Why don't you D. What do you think
2.-- Do you happen to have twenty dollars with you? -- ____?
-- I want to buy a dictionary. A. How do you want it B. How much C. What for
D. When can you pay me hack
3. -- I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.
-- ____. It was her fault.
A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all 4.-- Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? -- ____.
A. I don't believe B. I don't believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not
5. -- Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? B. Well, it just depends -- ____. I love getting close to nature. C. OK, just in case A. I couldn't agree more D. All right, you're welcome
B. I'm afraid not 【解析】选C just in case = in case it rains 带把雨伞以 C. I believe not 防下雨。
D. I don't think so ( )5. The American Civil War lasted four years ____ ☆精典题例☆
the North won in the end. (2005 广东) ( )1. He tried his best to solve the problem, ____ A. after B. when difficult it was. (2005 天津) C. before D. then
A. however B. no matter 【解析】选C before“过了(四年)才……”。： C. whatever D. although
( )6. I wonder how he ____ that to the teacher. 【解析】选A however = no matter how引导让步状语 A. dared to say B．dare~ying 从句。
C. dares say D. dared say
( )2. -- Brad was Jane's brother!
【解析】选A dared在此是情态动词的过去式。 -- ____ he remlnded me∞mHch()f Jane! ( )7. The poor young man is ready to accept ____ (2004 浙江)
help he can get. (2005 全国) A. No doubt B. Above all A. whichever B. however C. Nowonder D. Of course
C. whatever D. whenever
【解析l选C no wonder“难怪”，因为Brad是Jane的 【解析】选C whatever引导的宾语从句。whatever 兄弟，他经常提到Jane就没什么奇怪的了。 help = any help that...。
( )3. -- How long are you staying? ( )8. -- The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into -- I don't know ____. (2004 江苏) streets.
A. That's OK B. Never mind -- Yes. But I'm sure something will be done to C. It dedends D. It doesn't matter
-- ____ air pollution.
【解析】选C 根据上文I don't know.，可确定要选 A. reduce B. remove C，表示要随情况而定。
C. collect D. warn
( )4. -- It's cloudy outside. Please takc an ubrella. 【解析】选A reduce pollution 减少污染。 -- ____. (2005湖南) 9. Although the working mother is very busy, she A. Yes, take it easy
still ____ a lot of time to her children. (NMET
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2000)
A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides 【解析】选A devote...to为固定搭配。 10. -- Dad, I've finished my assignment. -- Good, and ____ you play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me. ( 2003 上海) A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter
【解析】选B whether...or...引导让步状语从句；= no matter whether ... or
( ) 11. The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. (2005 全国)
A. that B. it C. this D. him
【解析】选B it作形式宾语，代替不定式。
依赖、依靠、由于、因为”等意思。它引导的短语，可 以表达正面意思(近于原意“感谢”)，也可用于讽刺 口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”。)它引导的短语在 句中用作状语时，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句 末。
Thanks to your help, passed the test.
幸亏有你的帮助，我测验及格了。(正面意思) 4. power, strength, force
这三个名词都有“力”的意思，但使用范围不完全相 同。power“力”，含义最广，指政治力量或能力； strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量，可指体 力、力气；force 也可指物质或精神力量。多指为做成
某事而使用的力量，也可指武力。 的”解。such后面可跟可数名词，也可跟不可数名 Knowledge is power. 词。名词前还可加其它形容词修饰。as是关系代
知识就是力量。 词，引导定语从句，as常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 The boy gathered his strength to get up. 等。如：
那个男孩聚集力量站了起来。 I want t0 buy such books as are about science and It took him great force to lift the big stone. technology.
举起那块大石头花费他很大的力气。 我想买科技方面的书。(as在从句中作主语。)
5. real, true Don't read such books as you can't understand.
(1) real表示“真的”、“真实的”，“名符其实的”，指的 不要读你看不懂的书。(as在从句中作宾语。) 是事实上(客观上)存在而不是想像的。 Such books as this are too difficult to beginners. Is this real gold? 这样的书对于初学者来说是太难r。(as引导一个 这是真金吗? 省略的从句“as this(is)”，as在从句中作表语) I'm learning to skate on real ice. (2)such as 是短语连词，意为“诸如”，“例如”，引出的 我在真正的冰上学滑冰。 是such前面的词的同位语。如：
(2) true意为“真的、真正的”，表示的是和事实及实 John likes to make furniture，such as chairs and tables. 际情况相符合。 约翰喜欢做家具，如桌子和椅子之类。
It is quite true. (3) such…that…作“如此……以致……”解。that 这是真实的。 是连词，引导结果状语从句。
He is true to his name. The teacher asked such a difficult question that no one 他名不虚传。 could answer it. (结果状语从句)
[注意] ① true 还可作“忠实的”解。试比较： 老师问了一个如此难的问题以致没人能够回答。 true friend (comrade，friendship) 忠实的朋友(同志，友 [比较]
谊) The teacher asked such a difficult question as no one real friend (comrade，friendship)真正的朋友(同志，友 could answer. (定语从句)
谊) 老师问了一个没人能够答得上来的难题。(as在从 ② 在词组come true (实现) 和 be true 中，不能用real 句中作宾语)
来代替true。 ☆句型诠释☆
6. such…as…，such as，such…that… 1. Where do you think the music comes from?
(1) such...as...作“像……那样的”，“如……之类 你觉得这种音乐来自何处?
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(1)此句子是由一个一般疑问句和一个特殊疑问句 混合而成，故称为混合疑问句。常用于这种结构的 动词有think, believe, guess, suggest, suppose, hope, say, imagine等，此类句型常用来征询对方对 某事的看法、判断、意见、认识、猜测等，或者请求埘 方重述一遍。 What do you think Inade Mary so upset? 你认为是什么使玛丽如此不安? Who do you suppose would believe that story? 你认为谁会相信那个故事? How high do you,say this mountain is? 你说这山有多高? [注意]此句型中一类的插入语还可以放在句尾，有 时还可以插入句中，用逗号隔开，在用法上基本相 同。 When do you think he will be back from abroad? (= When will he be back from abroad， do you think?) 你认为他什么时候会从国外回来? Which way, do you imagine, he went? 你能想出他走哪条路了吗? (2) 这种混合疑问句以know, tell, ask, hear等作谓 语动词时，其后带一般疑问句的结构，以及答语不 同，后者可以用Yes...，No...来回答，而前者则不 行，请看下面的句子：