初中英语八种基本时态总结

Ⅰ、 一般现在时

1、概念：1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, twice a week, on Sunday, etc.（提问用How often）

例：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

例：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3） 格言或警句。例：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意：宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语是客观真理也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

2、结构：表状态 S+ am/is/are+ P （句中有实义动词不用be）

表动作 S+V原+O （若主语是单三人称，谓动加s/es。）

3、句式变化：

变疑问，有be把be提到主语前；无be在主语前加do/does，谓动变为原形。 变否定，有be在be后加“not”；无be在主语后加don’t/doesn’t，谓动变为原形。 例： ① They are in the classroom. →Are they in the classroom? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t. →They aren’t in the classroom

② He often waters the flowers . → Does he often water the flowers?

Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. →He doesn’t often water the flowers

Ⅱ、 一般过去时

1、 概念：1）表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

常用时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, just now, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982. at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, etc.

例：Where did you go just now?

2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

例：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

2、结构：表状态 S+ was/were+ P

表动作 S+V过去式+O （注：句中有实义动词不用be）

3、句式变化：

变疑问，有be把be提到主语前；无be在主语前加did，谓动变为原形。

变否定，有be在be后直接加“not”；无be在主语后加didn’t，谓动变为原形.

例：① She was in Xi’an last month. → Was she in Xi’an last month? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t. →She wasn’t in Xi’an last month.

② Danny grew a rose just now, → Did Danny grow a rose just now?

Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t. →Danny didn’t grow a rose just now,

Ⅲ、 现在进行时：

1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days,以及有look, listen时。

例：Listen！The birds are singing.

2、结构：S + am/is/are + doing

助动 现在分词

3、句式变化：

变疑问，把am/is/are提到主语前； 变否定，在am/is/are后直接加“not”。 例：① I am writing a letter now. → Are you writing a letter now? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. →I am not writing a letter now. (注：am和not不能缩写。) ② The boys are playing football. → Are the boys playing football?

Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. →The boys aren’t playing football.

Ⅳ、 过去进行时：

1. 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作。

.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time，at 8:00 yesterday,或有when / while引导的时间状语从句等。

例：We were having an English class at 9:30 yesterday morning.

I was reading a book while my mother was watching TV.

2、结构：S + was/were + doing

3、句式变化：

变疑问，把was/were提到主语前； 变否定，在was/were后直接加“not”。例：①At that time they were working in the garden. → Were they working in

the garden at that time? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

→At that time they were working in the garden.

② When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. →When he came in, were you reading a newspaper? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.

→When he came in, I wasn’t reading a newspaper.

Ⅴ、一般将来时

1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, this year, at the end of this term, from now，in ten minutes, in 2025

例：They will do an experiment tomorrow afternoon.

Brian is going to draw twenty pictures at the end of this term.

2、 结构：S +will+ V原+其他

(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)

例：Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？

Will you/(Are you going to）be at home at seven this evening?

3、 句式变化：

变疑问，把will提到主语前； 变否定，在will后直接加“not”。

例; She will drive to Beijing next week. → Will she drive to Beijing next week? Yes, she will. / No, she won’t. →She won’t drive to Beijing next week.

★ be going to + V原

表示a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例：What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例：The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. ★ be +不定式：表示将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例：

We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六将讨论这份报告。 ★ be about to + V原：意为马上要做某事。

例：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确的将来时间状语连用。 ★ 一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。

2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

★ 用现在进行时表示将来

come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等终止性动词可用现在进行时表示将来。 例：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？

Ⅵ、过去将来时

1.概念：表示站在过去看将要发出的动作或者存在的状态。因时间的参照点是过去的某一时间，常用于宾语从句中,或根据上下文语境确定。

2.结构：S +would+ V原+其他

S +was/were going to + V原

例：He said that he would have an exam next Friday.

Jenny asked who was going to give them a report.

I knew that he wouldn’t move to Japan with his parents next year.

Ⅶ、 现在完成时：

1. 表示：①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。时间词：ever, never, already, yet, before, just, recently/ lately(最近)， in the past few years

2. ②或从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间词：for + 时间段，since +过去时间点/从句。（提问用How long）

例：The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.

He has learned French for two years.

2.结构：S + have/has + done

助动 过去分词

3. 句式变化：

变疑问，把have/has提到主语前； 变否定，在have/has后直接加“not”。

例：① I've already written an article. → Have you written an article yet? Yes, I have.

/ No, I haven’t. →I haven’t written an article yet.

② Li Ming has lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993.

→ Has Li Ming lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t. →Li Ming hasn’t lived in Shijiazhuang since 1993.

★ 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1）一般过去时表示过去某具体时间发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作对现在的造成影响，强调的是结果。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

例：I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）

I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）

Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，指结果）

He joined the League three years ago. （强调加入这一动作）

He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

Ⅷ、 过去完成时：

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此之前发生的动作或行为；或过去某个时间前一个持续发生的动作，即“过去的过去”。 句中必须有过去的某一时间做参照点，常用于在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中；before, after, by the time, until , when, once, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中；或根据上下文语境确定。

----|------------|-----------|---->

过去以前 过去 现在

例：She said （that）she had never been to Paris.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

2.结构：S + had + done

3.句式变化：

变疑问，把had提到主语前； 变否定，在had后直接加“not”。

例：He had finished his homework before he went to play outside.

→Had he finished his homework before he went to play outside.

Yes, he had. / No, he hadn’t.

→He hadn’t finished his homework before he went to play outside.

注意：1. had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。

2.had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.

他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。

第二篇：初中英语九种时态和基本从句总结

初中英语九种基本时态总结

语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此，初中英语九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初三学生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。以下是英语学习方法之九种基本时态分析。

一、一般现在时。

概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。

常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。

如：1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常)

2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态)

构成： 1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +??

2) 主语 + 实义动词 + ?

二、一般过去时。

概念: 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.

常和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.

如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影.

2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.

如: He always went to work by bike last week.

构成: 1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +??

2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +

三、现在进行时。

概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作.

如: He is singing.

They are watching TV now.

构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.

四、过去进行时。

概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作. 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示.

如: 1) ---What were you doing?

---I was jumping.

2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?

---He was sleeping.

构成: 主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.

五、一般将来时。

概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等.

如: He will go shopping tomorrow.

They are going to play basketball next week.

构成: 1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +?

2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + ?.

六、过去将来时。

概念: 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.

构成: 1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +?

2) 主语 + would + 动原 + ?.

3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原?

用法: 过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态.

如: 1) I should go.

2) You knew I would come.

3) They were going to Naning.

七、现在完成时。

构成: 主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +?

表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. ---Have you had your lunch yet?

---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了)

八、现在完成进行时。

概念: 表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作.这一动作可能是刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来.

构成: 主语 + 助动词 (have / has ) + been + 动词-ing +? 如: 1. I have been sitting here for an hour.

2. She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.

九、过去完成时。

构成: 主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +?

表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语,也可用when, before, 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示. I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.

初中英语基本从句总结

从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。以下就是学习方法之基本从句知识的分享。

初中英语从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序（陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序）。那么英语学习方法之从句学习需掌握以下各方面。

一、宾语从句

宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

宾语从句的特点：①宾语从句有自己的连接词 ②宾语从句用陈述语序 ③宾语从句的时态

①宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。

②宾语从句的语序;A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后),如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow

B.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him.

③宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”

A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)

B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。

如：He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)

C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。

如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth.

二、状语从句

2.1 时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

时间状语的连接词：when(当?时候) while(当?时候) as(当?时候) after(在?以后) before(在?以前) as soon as(一?就) since(自从?到现在) till /until(直到?

才) by the time(到?为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。

举例：when当?的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。)

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

2.2 原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因语的句子。

连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导。

举例：I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.

2.3 条件状语从句

连接词：if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(让步)

举例：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

2.4 目的、结果状语从句

目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。

结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子

目的状语从句连接词so that, so?that , in order that 引导。

结果状语从句连接词 so?that, such?that, so much/many?that引导。 举例：so?that 如此?以至于

The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.

2.5 让步状语从句

让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子

连接词： though, although.，whether?or not

举例：Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.

三、no matter从句

结构："no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"

如：No matter what happened, he would not mind.

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

四、定语从句

定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分

如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后 如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.

定语从句的连接词：

连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that

连接副词：when、where、why

五、名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词： that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why

如：That she was chosen made us very happy.